Shadowing Practice: Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) - Learn English Speaking with Video
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1
An arteriovenous malformation, or AVM for short, is a blood vessel malformation that actually lives in the brain tissue itself.
2
They're almost like birds nests or a tangle of blood vessels that are located in the brain.
3
There are many, many arteries that typically go into AVMs that feed the AVM with blood and there's large veins that drain the AVM of blood.
4
We don't really know why AVMs form, but they do form at eight weeks in gestation.
5
When you're in your mom's belly, when the blood vessels of the brain are forming, that's when AVMs typically form.
6
They usually present clinically or to physicians, and it can be varied, but usually around 20 years old, or even like 40 years old.
7
There could be no symptoms of AVMs, but the symptoms that we commonly get patients referred for could be headache, and it's not just sort of normal headache, but it'd be sort of a persistent, severe headache.
8
People can have seizures, and the biggest sort of fear thing that AVMs can do is cause bleeding in the brain.
9
That type of symptom's not very mistakable.
10
it's a very very sudden severe headache so if that happens we recommend that patients go to the emergency room very quickly.
11
There are many treatment options the first one is good old-fashioned surgery we actually make an incision on the scalp we remove a small window of bone and we resect the AVM using microsurgical techniques.
12
The second option we go up through the groin with a catheter or a small tube and we go into those small blood vessels of the brain right
13
to the point where the blood vessel meets the AVM and we can actually inject small particles or glue substances that go into the AVM to block off the blood supply.
14
And then the third option is something called gamma knife radiosurgery which is a very focused type of radiation that we deliver to the AVM that over about two to three years sort of slowly melts the AVM away.
15
Patients typically present in one of two ways.
16
One is for an elective treatment so that's where I see a patient in my clinic.
17
We talk about different forms of AVM treatment and then we actually perform that.
18
Very different scenario than when patients come in and when they have a bleed from an AVM.
19
That's more of an emergent situation.
20
In those situations patients and families can expect a rapid hospital workup and course where we actually get imaging studies and sometimes even emergent surgery is required in those situations.
21
There are many, many different aspects to caring for patients with AVMs, all the way from very, very good surgical care to post-operative care.
22
Sometimes patients need to be in the neuro ICU after AVM treatment just to monitor them.
23
You want a lot of people there from a rehab team or support team so that people can get better.
24
The combination of that comprehensive team really predicts success when we treat AVMs.
25
Thank you.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau C2 is gebaseerd op de video “Arteriovenous Malformation”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: Avm, patient, blood, vessel, brain. Deze video bevat 25 zinnen en 509 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 2:30. De spreker praat snel, ongeveer 203 woorden per minuut, dus reken op verbonden en ingeslikte klanken. Slechts 80% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| headache zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈhɛdeɪk/ | hoofdpijn, koppijn |
| symptom zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsɪm(p)təm/ | symptoom |
| bleed werkwoord | /ˈbliːd/ | bloeden |
| catheter zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈkæθɪtɚ/ | katheter |
| gestation zelfstandig naamwoord | /d͡ʒɛsˈteɪʃən/ | zwangerschapstijd, gestatie |
| inject werkwoord | /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛkt/ | injecteren, inspuiten |
| neurology zelfstandig naamwoord | /n(j)ʊ(ə)ˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/ | neurologie |
| artery zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/ | slagader, arterie |
| gamma zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɡæ.mə/ | gamma |
| vein zelfstandig naamwoord | /veɪn/ | ader |
| glue zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɡlu/ | lijm |
| operative bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈɑpəɹətɪv/ | werkzaam |
| persistent bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /pəˈsɪstənt/ | volhardend |
| particle zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/ | deeltje, partikel |
| melt werkwoord | /mɛlt/ | smelten, laten smelten |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 4 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals don't, it'd, they're. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: gestation /d͡ʒɛsˈteɪʃən/, incision /ɪnˈsɪʒən/, seizure /ˈsi.ʒɚ/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: mistakable /mɪˈsteɪkəbəl/, neurology /n(j)ʊ(ə)ˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/, operative /ˈɑpəɹətɪv/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: bleed /ˈbliːd/, elective /ɪˈlɛktɪv/, rehab /ˈɹiːhæb/, operative /ˈɑpəɹətɪv/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: catheter /ˈkæθɪtɚ/, tangle /ˈtæŋ.ɡəl/, gamma /ˈɡæ.mə/, rehab /ˈɹiːhæb/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: tangle /ˈtæŋ.ɡəl/, gamma /ˈɡæ.mə/, glue /ɡlu/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als headache, symptom, bleed.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.