Shadowing Practice: Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) - Learn English Speaking with Video
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1
An arteriovenous malformation, or AVM for short, is a blood vessel malformation that actually lives in the brain tissue itself.
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They're almost like birds nests or a tangle of blood vessels that are located in the brain.
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There are many, many arteries that typically go into AVMs that feed the AVM with blood and there's large veins that drain the AVM of blood.
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We don't really know why AVMs form, but they do form at eight weeks in gestation.
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When you're in your mom's belly, when the blood vessels of the brain are forming, that's when AVMs typically form.
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They usually present clinically or to physicians, and it can be varied, but usually around 20 years old, or even like 40 years old.
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There could be no symptoms of AVMs, but the symptoms that we commonly get patients referred for could be headache, and it's not just sort of normal headache, but it'd be sort of a persistent, severe headache.
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People can have seizures, and the biggest sort of fear thing that AVMs can do is cause bleeding in the brain.
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That type of symptom's not very mistakable.
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it's a very very sudden severe headache so if that happens we recommend that patients go to the emergency room very quickly.
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There are many treatment options the first one is good old-fashioned surgery we actually make an incision on the scalp we remove a small window of bone and we resect the AVM using microsurgical techniques.
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The second option we go up through the groin with a catheter or a small tube and we go into those small blood vessels of the brain right
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to the point where the blood vessel meets the AVM and we can actually inject small particles or glue substances that go into the AVM to block off the blood supply.
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And then the third option is something called gamma knife radiosurgery which is a very focused type of radiation that we deliver to the AVM that over about two to three years sort of slowly melts the AVM away.
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Patients typically present in one of two ways.
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One is for an elective treatment so that's where I see a patient in my clinic.
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We talk about different forms of AVM treatment and then we actually perform that.
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Very different scenario than when patients come in and when they have a bleed from an AVM.
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That's more of an emergent situation.
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In those situations patients and families can expect a rapid hospital workup and course where we actually get imaging studies and sometimes even emergent surgery is required in those situations.
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There are many, many different aspects to caring for patients with AVMs, all the way from very, very good surgical care to post-operative care.
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Sometimes patients need to be in the neuro ICU after AVM treatment just to monitor them.
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You want a lot of people there from a rehab team or support team so that people can get better.
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The combination of that comprehensive team really predicts success when we treat AVMs.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel C2 se basa en el vídeo “Arteriovenous Malformation”. Las palabras que más se repiten: Avm, patient, blood, vessel, brain. Este vídeo tiene 25 frases y 509 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 2:30. El hablante habla rápido, unas 203 palabras por minuto, así que espera sonidos enlazados y reducidos. Solo el 80 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| headache sustantivo | /ˈhɛdeɪk/ | dolor de cabeza, cefalea |
| malformation sustantivo | malformación | |
| symptom sustantivo | /ˈsɪm(p)təm/ | síntoma |
| bleed verbo | /ˈbliːd/ | desangrar |
| catheter sustantivo | /ˈkæθɪtɚ/ | catéter |
| clinically adverbio | clínicamente | |
| elective adjetivo | /ɪˈlɛktɪv/ | electivo |
| gestation sustantivo | /d͡ʒɛsˈteɪʃən/ | gestación |
| incision sustantivo | /ɪnˈsɪʒən/ | incisión, cisura |
| inject verbo | /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛkt/ | inyectar |
| neurology sustantivo | /n(j)ʊ(ə)ˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/ | neurología |
| radiosurgery sustantivo | radiocirugía | |
| tangle verbo | /ˈtæŋ.ɡəl/ | enmarañar |
| artery sustantivo | /ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/ | arteria |
| gamma sustantivo | /ˈɡæ.mə/ | gamma |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| go up verbo | subir |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 4 contracciones y formas reducidas, como don't, it'd, they're. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: gestation /d͡ʒɛsˈteɪʃən/, incision /ɪnˈsɪʒən/, seizure /ˈsi.ʒɚ/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: mistakable /mɪˈsteɪkəbəl/, neurology /n(j)ʊ(ə)ˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/, operative /ˈɑpəɹətɪv/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: elective /ɪˈlɛktɪv/, vein /veɪn/, operative /ˈɑpəɹətɪv/
- /dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: emergent /ɪˈmɝd͡ʒənt/, gestation /d͡ʒɛsˈteɪʃən/, inject /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛkt/, neurology /n(j)ʊ(ə)ˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/, surgical /ˈsɝd͡ʒɪkəl/
- /h/ — una aspiración suave, no la “j”: headache /ˈhɛdeɪk/, rehab /ˈɹiːhæb/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como headache, malformation, symptom.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.