Shadowing Practice: Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) - Learn English Speaking with Video
Ders oluşturuluyor...
1
An arteriovenous malformation, or AVM for short, is a blood vessel malformation that actually lives in the brain tissue itself.
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They're almost like birds nests or a tangle of blood vessels that are located in the brain.
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There are many, many arteries that typically go into AVMs that feed the AVM with blood and there's large veins that drain the AVM of blood.
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We don't really know why AVMs form, but they do form at eight weeks in gestation.
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When you're in your mom's belly, when the blood vessels of the brain are forming, that's when AVMs typically form.
6
They usually present clinically or to physicians, and it can be varied, but usually around 20 years old, or even like 40 years old.
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There could be no symptoms of AVMs, but the symptoms that we commonly get patients referred for could be headache, and it's not just sort of normal headache, but it'd be sort of a persistent, severe headache.
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People can have seizures, and the biggest sort of fear thing that AVMs can do is cause bleeding in the brain.
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That type of symptom's not very mistakable.
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it's a very very sudden severe headache so if that happens we recommend that patients go to the emergency room very quickly.
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There are many treatment options the first one is good old-fashioned surgery we actually make an incision on the scalp we remove a small window of bone and we resect the AVM using microsurgical techniques.
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The second option we go up through the groin with a catheter or a small tube and we go into those small blood vessels of the brain right
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to the point where the blood vessel meets the AVM and we can actually inject small particles or glue substances that go into the AVM to block off the blood supply.
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And then the third option is something called gamma knife radiosurgery which is a very focused type of radiation that we deliver to the AVM that over about two to three years sort of slowly melts the AVM away.
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Patients typically present in one of two ways.
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One is for an elective treatment so that's where I see a patient in my clinic.
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We talk about different forms of AVM treatment and then we actually perform that.
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Very different scenario than when patients come in and when they have a bleed from an AVM.
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That's more of an emergent situation.
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In those situations patients and families can expect a rapid hospital workup and course where we actually get imaging studies and sometimes even emergent surgery is required in those situations.
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There are many, many different aspects to caring for patients with AVMs, all the way from very, very good surgical care to post-operative care.
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Sometimes patients need to be in the neuro ICU after AVM treatment just to monitor them.
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You want a lot of people there from a rehab team or support team so that people can get better.
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The combination of that comprehensive team really predicts success when we treat AVMs.
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Thank you.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu C2 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “Arteriovenous Malformation” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: Avm, patient, blood, vessel, brain. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 25 cümle ve 509 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 2:30 sürüyor. Konuşmacı hızlı konuşuyor, dakikada yaklaşık 203 kelime; bu yüzden birbirine bağlanan ve zayıflayan sesler duyacaksınız. Kelimelerin yalnızca %80’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| headache isim | /ˈhɛdeɪk/ | baş ağrısı |
| symptom isim | /ˈsɪm(p)təm/ | semptom, belgi |
| bleed fiil | /ˈbliːd/ | kanamak [-ar] |
| catheter isim | /ˈkæθɪtɚ/ | sonda, kateter |
| elective sıfat | /ɪˈlɛktɪv/ | seçmeli |
| neurology isim | /n(j)ʊ(ə)ˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/ | nöroloji, asabiye |
| radiosurgery isim | radyocerrahi | |
| artery isim | /ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/ | arter, atardamar |
| gamma isim | /ˈɡæ.mə/ | gama |
| seizure isim | /ˈsi.ʒɚ/ | ele geçirme, gasp |
| vein isim | /veɪn/ | damar |
| glue isim | /ɡlu/ | tutkal, yapıştırıcı |
| particle isim | /ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/ | parçacık |
| locate fiil | /ˈloʊˌkeɪt/ | yerleştirmek |
| melt fiil | /mɛlt/ | erimek |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı don't, it'd, they're gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 4 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: gestation /d͡ʒɛsˈteɪʃən/, incision /ɪnˈsɪʒən/, seizure /ˈsi.ʒɚ/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: mistakable /mɪˈsteɪkəbəl/, neurology /n(j)ʊ(ə)ˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/, operative /ˈɑpəɹətɪv/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: bleed /ˈbliːd/, neurology /n(j)ʊ(ə)ˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/, glue /ɡlu/, drain /dɹiːn/, predict /pɹɪˈdɪkt/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: catheter /ˈkæθɪtɚ/, tangle /ˈtæŋ.ɡəl/, gamma /ˈɡæ.mə/, rehab /ˈɹiːhæb/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; headache, symptom, bleed gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.