Shadowing Practice: External Ventricular Drain (EVD) - Learn English Speaking with Video
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1
EVD is short for something called an external ventricular drain.
2
In the brain there are these fluid spaces called the ventricles and the ventricles make this thing called cerebral spinal fluid or CSF.
3
There are certain circumstances where that fluid that usually is made in the brain and circulates around the brain can be blocked.
4
Typically this happens when people have hemorrhage in the brain and hemorrhage in the brain can be caused from a variety of reasons but the main one is aneurysm rupture or high blood pressure hemorrhages.
5
If that fluid builds up and it can't circulate or get out, that pressure builds.
6
And the pressure can be extremely high to the point where it can actually damage the brain.
7
We do this procedure called an external ventricular drain to relieve that pressure.
8
So this procedure is typically done in the emergency room or in the neuro ICU.
9
Some sedation is given if needed.
10
We do some local anesthesia right to the area where we're making the incision.
11
A small, about inch long incision is made just behind the hairline.
12
And a very small hole is drilled into the skull and a small rubber catheter is placed down into the brain to the fluid space.
13
Now the fluid can escape through that tube.
14
We usually drain that to a small bag at the patient's bedside.
15
Patients are typically in the ICU for many weeks.
16
The drainage does a couple of things.
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One is it decreases the pressure in the brain because that fluid is blocked and sort of bypasses the blockage and gets the fluid out of the brain.
18
But the other thing is it tends to drain some of the blood that's in the fluid spaces so that blood clears up faster.
19
Once the blood reabsorbs, the brain circulation can start up.
20
We do this thing called ventriculostomy or EVD weaning.
21
And what that means is that we slowly raise the pressure on that drain to see if the patient can absorb their own spinal fluid.
22
And if they're able to do that, we can simply remove the drain at the bedside and get the drain out of the patient's head.
23
There are about a 20% of patients that we can't successfully wean the drain.
24
And the reason for that is there may be too much blood that sort of scarred some of the fluid pathways or it's damaged the absorption mechanism where the fluid gets absorbed.
25
And in that situation, then the patient needs a surgical procedure called a VP shunt, or a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
26
And what that is is a small tube like a ventriculostomy drain that drains down to the belly and permanently drains the spinal fluid for the patient.
27
We convert that external drain to an internal drain so the patient can go home with it.
28
Typically after the ventriculostomy drain has been removed, patients do very, very well.
29
There is a small subset of patients that once they get to a rehab hospital or once they get home, can have something called delayed hydrocephalus, or the way to think of it is delayed fluid buildup.
30
If they develop signs of increasing headache, if they sort of get more lethargic and they're not waking up as well, and this could be a week or two or even three weeks after,
31
it's something they wanna call us about so that we can get a CAT scan and look at the fluid spaces to see if there's that delayed fluid buildup.
32
There is a normal follow-up procedure.
33
We will get a CAT scan around four weeks.
34
That's typically when a lot of this delayed fluid buildup is happening.
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So if we get a CAT scan at four weeks, sometimes we can detect it before it becomes clinically symptomatic and the patients get lethargic.
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We also do a lot of follow up after patients have hemorrhage in the brain.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau C2 is gebaseerd op de video “External Ventricular Drain”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: fluid, drain, brain, patient, pressure. Deze video bevat 36 zinnen en 653 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 3:11. De spreker praat snel, ongeveer 205 woorden per minuut, dus reken op verbonden en ingeslikte klanken. Slechts 77% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| drain zelfstandig naamwoord | /dɹiːn/ | afvoer |
| hemorrhage zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈhɛm(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ | bloeding |
| scan werkwoord | /skæn/ | afspeuren |
| ventricle zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈvɛn.tɹɪk.əl/ | hartkamer, ventrikel |
| ventricular bijvoeglijk naamwoord | ventriculair | |
| wean werkwoord | /ˈwiːn/ | afnemen |
| absorb werkwoord | /æbˈsɔɹb/ | absorberen, (in zich) opnemen |
| anesthesia zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌæn.əsˈθi.ʒə/ | verdoving, anesthesie |
| aneurysm zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈæn.jəɹ.ɪz.əm/ | aneurysma, aderverwijding |
| catheter zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈkæθɪtɚ/ | katheter |
| hydrocephalus zelfstandig naamwoord | hydrocefalus, waterhoofd | |
| neurology zelfstandig naamwoord | /n(j)ʊ(ə)ˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/ | neurologie |
| symptomatic bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌsɪmp.təˈmæt.ɪk/ | symptomatisch |
| subset zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsʌbˌsɛt/ | deelverzameling |
| cerebral bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /səˈɹi.bɹəl/ | cerebraal |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| build up werkwoord | opstapelen | |
| start up werkwoord | /stɑɹˈtʌp/ | opstarten |
| wake up werkwoord | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | wakker worden, ontwaken |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 6 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals can't, they're, wanna. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De “th”-klanken: lethargic /ləˈθɑɹd͡ʒɪk/, anesthesia /ˌæn.əsˈθi.ʒə/, catheter /ˈkæθɪtɚ/, pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: incision /ɪnˈsɪʒən/, shunt /ʃʌnt/, anesthesia /ˌæn.əsˈθi.ʒə/, absorption /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: anesthesia /ˌæn.əsˈθi.ʒə/, aneurysm /ˈæn.jəɹ.ɪz.əm/, neurology /n(j)ʊ(ə)ˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/, symptomatic /ˌsɪmp.təˈmæt.ɪk/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: hemorrhage /ˈhɛm(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/, bedside /ˈbɛdˌsaɪd/, absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/, blockage /ˈblɑkɪd͡ʒ/, relieve /ɹɪˈliːv/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: scan /skæn/, absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/, anesthesia /ˌæn.əsˈθi.ʒə/, aneurysm /ˈæn.jəɹ.ɪz.əm/, catheter /ˈkæθɪtɚ/
- /w/ — met ronde lippen: wean /ˈwiːn/, pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als drain, hemorrhage, scan.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.