跟读练习: External Ventricular Drain (EVD) - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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EVD is short for something called an external ventricular drain.
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EVD is short for something called an external ventricular drain.
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In the brain there are these fluid spaces called the ventricles and the ventricles make this thing called cerebral spinal fluid or CSF.
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There are certain circumstances where that fluid that usually is made in the brain and circulates around the brain can be blocked.
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Typically this happens when people have hemorrhage in the brain and hemorrhage in the brain can be caused from a variety of reasons but the main one is aneurysm rupture or high blood pressure hemorrhages.
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If that fluid builds up and it can't circulate or get out, that pressure builds.
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And the pressure can be extremely high to the point where it can actually damage the brain.
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We do this procedure called an external ventricular drain to relieve that pressure.
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So this procedure is typically done in the emergency room or in the neuro ICU.
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Some sedation is given if needed.
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We do some local anesthesia right to the area where we're making the incision.
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A small, about inch long incision is made just behind the hairline.
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And a very small hole is drilled into the skull and a small rubber catheter is placed down into the brain to the fluid space.
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Now the fluid can escape through that tube.
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We usually drain that to a small bag at the patient's bedside.
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Patients are typically in the ICU for many weeks.
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The drainage does a couple of things.
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One is it decreases the pressure in the brain because that fluid is blocked and sort of bypasses the blockage and gets the fluid out of the brain.
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But the other thing is it tends to drain some of the blood that's in the fluid spaces so that blood clears up faster.
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Once the blood reabsorbs, the brain circulation can start up.
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We do this thing called ventriculostomy or EVD weaning.
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And what that means is that we slowly raise the pressure on that drain to see if the patient can absorb their own spinal fluid.
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And if they're able to do that, we can simply remove the drain at the bedside and get the drain out of the patient's head.
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There are about a 20% of patients that we can't successfully wean the drain.
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And the reason for that is there may be too much blood that sort of scarred some of the fluid pathways or it's damaged the absorption mechanism where the fluid gets absorbed.
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And in that situation, then the patient needs a surgical procedure called a VP shunt, or a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
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And what that is is a small tube like a ventriculostomy drain that drains down to the belly and permanently drains the spinal fluid for the patient.
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We convert that external drain to an internal drain so the patient can go home with it.
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Typically after the ventriculostomy drain has been removed, patients do very, very well.
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There is a small subset of patients that once they get to a rehab hospital or once they get home, can have something called delayed hydrocephalus, or the way to think of it is delayed fluid buildup.
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If they develop signs of increasing headache, if they sort of get more lethargic and they're not waking up as well, and this could be a week or two or even three weeks after,
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it's something they wanna call us about so that we can get a CAT scan and look at the fluid spaces to see if there's that delayed fluid buildup.
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There is a normal follow-up procedure.
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We will get a CAT scan around four weeks.
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That's typically when a lot of this delayed fluid buildup is happening.
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So if we get a CAT scan at four weeks, sometimes we can detect it before it becomes clinically symptomatic and the patients get lethargic.
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We also do a lot of follow up after patients have hemorrhage in the brain.
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外部脑室引流（EVD）是一种用于治疗脑内液体积聚的医学程序。在脑内，有被称为脑室的液体空间，这些脑室负责产生脑脊液（CSF）。当液体的流动受到阻碍时，可能会导致压力过高，从而对脑部造成损害。在这样的情况下，进行EVD手术能够有效缓解高压，保持脑脊液的正常循环。这段视频详细介绍了EVD手术的过程及其后果，对于学习者了解医学英语和专业术语非常有帮助。
日常交流中的五个常用短语
- EVD - 外部脑室引流的缩写。
- 脑脊液 (cerebral spinal fluid, CSF) - 在脑内循环的液体。
- 高压 - 当液体积聚造成脑部压力增高。
- 局部麻醉 - 在手术中用于减轻疼痛的麻醉方式。
- 延迟性脑积水 - 通常在手术后几周内可能出现的液体积聚现象。
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要在看YouTube学英语时掌握医学相关术语，请按照以下步骤进行英语影子跟读（shadowspeak）。
- 准备阶段：先观看视频的一遍，集中注意力理解整体内容，并记录下不懂的词汇和短语。
- 分段学习：将视频分成若干小段，逐段观看并尝试理解每个段落的意思。
- 跟读练习：打开字幕，反复模仿视频中的发音和语调，进行英语影子跟读，帮助记忆和口语表达。
- 复述概念：在听完一段后，闭上眼睛尝试用英语复述刚才听到的内容，这有助于加强对医学术语的理解。
- 应用练习：尝试在日常生活中使用所学到的短语，例如讨论医务相关话题时运用这些术语。
通过这种方法，能够有效提升您在医学英语方面的口语能力，特别是在雅思口语练习中，掌握专业词汇将对您大有裨益。多多练习并参与英语影子跟读（shadow speak），让您的英语水平更进一步！
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