Shadowing Practice: Clinical Cuts - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - Learn English Speaking with Video
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8 sentences
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1
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, is a condition characterized by progressive airflow obstruction resulting in chronic respiratory symptoms.
2
This can occur due to airway inflammation, like in chronic bronchitis, or because of alveolar wall destruction, as in emphysema.
3
Tobacco use is the leading cause of COPD,
4
while less commonly it is due to secondhand smoke or environmental exposures or hereditary causes like alpha -1 antitrypsin deficiency.
5
Based on history findings, some patients can present with a new diagnosis of COPD,
6
while others can present with a positive history of COPD and clinical manifestations.
7
The clinical manifestations can range from mild COPD exacerbation to complicated COPD, such as severe COPD exacerbation,
8
bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary hypertension, and even acute respiratory failure.
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This speaking lesson is built on the video “Clinical Cuts - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”. This video has 8 sentences and 119 words to shadow. The speech runs for 0:55. The speaker talks at a steady 131 words per minute, a comfortable pace for shadowing.
Key vocabulary in this video
15 words from the video worth learning, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| chronic adjective | /ˈkɹɑ.nɪk/ | Of a problem, that continues over an extended period of time. |
| respiratory adjective | /ɹɪˈspɪ.ɹət.ə.ɹi/ | Relating to respiration or the organs of respiration; breathing. |
| complicated adjective | /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ | Difficult or convoluted. |
| occur verb | /əˈkɜː/ | To happen or take place. |
| exposure noun | /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/ | The condition of being exposed, uncovered, or unprotected. |
| commonly adverb | /ˈkɑmənli/ | As a rule; frequently; usually. |
| destruction noun | /dɪsˈtɹʌkʃən/ | The act of destroying. |
| progressive noun | /pɹəˈɡɹɛsɪv/ | One with liberal or progressive political beliefs. |
| alpha noun | /ˈæl.fə/ | The name of the first letter of the Greek alphabet (Α, α), followed by beta. In the Latin alphabet it is the predecessor to A. |
| diagnosis noun | /daɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/ | The process of, or an instance of, identification of the nature and cause of a medical condition or illness. |
| tobacco noun | /təˈbækoʊ/ | Any plant of the genus Nicotiana. |
| mild adjective | /ˈmaɪld/ | Gentle and not easily angered |
| acute adjective | /əˈkjut/ | Brief, quick, short. |
| pneumonia noun | /njuˈməʊniə/ | Inflammation of the lungs caused by viruses, bacteria or other infectious microorganisms. |
| bacterial adjective | [bækˈtɪəɹiəɫ] | Of, relating to, or caused by bacteria. |
Pronunciation to watch
- The “sh” and “zh” sounds: exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/, destruction /dɪsˈtɹʌkʃən/, inflammation /ɪnfləˈmeɪ̯ʃən/, deficiency /dɪˈfɪʃənsi/, obstruction /əbˈstɹʌk.ʃən/
- Long words — get the stress right: respiratory /ɹɪˈspɪ.ɹət.ə.ɹi/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, inflammation /ɪnfləˈmeɪ̯ʃən/, deficiency /dɪˈfɪʃənsi/, exacerbation /ɪɡˈzæsɚˌbeɪʃən/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like chronic, respiratory, complicated.
What is the Shadowing Technique?
Shadowing is a science-backed language learning technique originally developed for professional interpreter training and popularized by polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. The method is simple but powerful: you listen to native English audio and immediately repeat it out loud — like a shadow following the speaker with just a 1–2 second delay. Unlike passive listening or grammar drills, shadowing forces your brain and mouth muscles to simultaneously process and reproduce real speech patterns. Research shows it significantly improves pronunciation accuracy, intonation, rhythm, connected speech, listening comprehension, and speaking fluency — making it one of the most effective methods for IELTS Speaking preparation and real-world English communication.