Prática de Shadowing: Contemporary Topics 2 Unit 6 Lecture with Powerpoint - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
Criando lição...
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Today we're going to continue with the discussion of the Silk Road.
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one of the most historically important trade routes in the world.
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- Okay.
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Now as you know, the Silk Road was a major trade route between Europe and Western China for about 1 ,500 years.
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It was used from about 100 BCE until about 1400 CE.
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There had been some trade across Central Asia before that But it wasn't until about 100 BCE, that trade between Europe and China increased significantly.
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So, we're going to look at how the Silk Road developed.
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First, I want to mention three dynasties in China that were in power at significant points in the Silk Road's history.
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Dynasty here means a group of rulers or a family with political control.
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First, the Han Dynasty.
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They ruled from 206 BCE to 220 CE.
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approximately when the Silk Road started.
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Second is the Tang Dynasty, in power from 618 to 907.
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the peak period of the Silk Road.
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And third, the Ming Dynasty.
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In 1368, they took control and soon thereafter, the use of the Silk Road basically ended.
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Now this is just a quick overview, so I'll go into more detail about these three groups later.
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Now, most people say "the Silk Road." But it wasn't only one route.
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was a network of routes between China and the Mediterranean Sea.
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The roots from China all started in Xi 'an, That's spelled X -I -A -P -O -T -O -F -E -A -N.
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I actually lived in Xi 'an a few years back when I was working in China.
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And from Xi 'an, I traveled way out into Western China, just to get a sense of what the Silk Road was really like.
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It wasn't an easy place to travel, but traders did it for many years.
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Now going forward, you should know that Xi 'an was actually called Zhang 'an.
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during the time of the Silk Road.
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So from Zheng 'an, the route went west until traders reach the Taklamakan Desert, To avoid it, some routes went south to Dunhuang,
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and some went north through the Gobi Desert and over into Central Asia.
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The routes all reconnected further west, though and eventually they led to some big trade centers in Europe, in Rome.
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and what is now called Istanbul and Turkey.
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There are different estimates about how long the Silk Road was altogether.
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We're going to go with about 5 ,000 miles or 8 ,000 kilometers.
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So what do you think was the main reason the Silk Road developed?
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Well, the short answer is that people in Europe wanted goods from China.
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And people in China want goods from Europe.
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I'll focus now on the west end of the route in Europe.
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And then we'll go to the East End in China.
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On the west end at the Mediterranean Sea were the Romans.
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By about 100 BCE, the Romans had learned about luxury goods from China, silk in particular.
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which was very popular in Rome then.
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- Okay.
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So the Romans started building roads to the east so they could get luxury goods from China.
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Meanwhile, from the East End in China, the Han Dynasty was in power.
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We have to review a little history at this point.
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The Han Dynasty ruled China from 206 BCE, to 220 CE, as I mentioned.
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and Zheng An was the capital.
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But because China was so big, it was very difficult to defend, especially against the Mongol invaders from the north.
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- So in 138 BCE, Emperor Woody, That's W -U -D -I.
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sent a group out to western China to recruit fighters for the conflict with the Mongol invaders.
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The group's leader was captured.
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Thank you.
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And when he returned a decade later, He told the emperor about a type of big strong horse in western China.
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The Han Dynasty decided to make a big push west to get these horses in order to make the Han army stronger.
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- I think it's a good thing.
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So, you see, in about 100 BCE, the Romans and the Chinese were pushing east and west, respectively.
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and thus the Silk Road developed.
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According to historical records, the Romans didn't go all the way to China
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and the Chinese traders didn't go all the way to Europe.
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Instead, many of the traders were from Central Asia.
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the traders mostly went short distances in caravans and bought and sold goods along the way.
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Europe wanted silk, spices and furs, and other goods from China.
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China wanted horses initially.
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But later it wanted goods from Europe like gold and glass.
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and traders exchanged both goods and information.
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For example, There were trade secrets, like where to get the best silk and where the best roots were.
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The Silk Road was very difficult to travel.
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and traders tried alternate routes mainly to avoid two things.
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Bad weather.
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and bad people.
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There were many robbers who tried to steal the trade of silk and other goods.
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Traders also wanted to avoid towns that forced them to pay a fee.
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when they're passing through.
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The peak period for the Silk Road was in the 600s during the Tang Dynasty.
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Zhang Yan was very big and very prosperous then.
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about two million people live there including 8 ,000 foreigners from many places including What is today?
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Iran?
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Turkey.
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Japan and Korea.
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By the early 900s, the Tang Dynasty lost power.
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and trade in the Silk Road declined sharply because there was fighting and it became much too dangerous for the traders.
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By about 1 ,400, trade on the Silk Road basically stopped.
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There are two main reasons.
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One.
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In 1368, the Ming Dynasty took control.
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and they didn't want any contact with foreigners.
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and two, the European traders begin to prefer ships.
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which were faster and safer than the Silk Road. So, to wrap up.
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The Silk Road developed because people in one part of the world wanted something from another part of the world.
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In recent years, people have talked about globalization as creating new Silk Roads.
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We'll take up this idea next time.
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OK?
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Sobre Esta Lição
Nesta lição, você irá praticar a escuta e a fala em inglês com foco na história da Rota da Seda, uma das rotas comerciais mais importantes do mundo. Você aprenderá sobre as dinastias chinesas que influenciaram o comércio ao longo dessa rota, bem como os intercâmbios culturais e econômicos entre a Europa e a China. A prática envolverá a repetição dos trechos da palestra, permitindo que você melhore sua pronúncia e fluência no inglês.
Vocabulário e Frases Importantes
- Silk Road - Rota da Seda
- Dynasty - Dinastia
- Trade route - Rota comercial
- Luxury goods - Produtos de luxo
- Central Asia - Ásia Central
- Traders - Comerciantes
- Desert - Deserto
- Capital - Capital
Dicas de Prática
Para maximizar sua prática de shadowing, siga estas dicas enquanto assiste à palestra:
- Ouça atentamente cada frase e pause o vídeo após cada sentença. Tente repetir o que ouviu em voz alta, imitando a entonação e o ritmo do falante.
- Preste atenção à velocidade da fala. O tom utilizado nesta lição é informativo e relativamente claro, ideal para iniciantes em shadowing em inglês.
- Use o shadowing site que preferir para praticar. Observe as emoções e a ênfase nas palavras chave como "Silk Road" e "dynasty". Essas ênfases são importantes para comunicar a informação com clareza.
- No final de cada seção, tente explicar, em suas próprias palavras, o que você aprendeu. Isso ajudará não apenas na memorização do vocabulário, mas também a melhorar sua fluência.
- Considere gravar sua voz ao fazer o shadow speak e ouvir a gravação para identificar áreas que precisarão de mais prática.
Pratique regularmente com este conteúdo para se tornar um expert em falar sobre tópicos contemporâneos e históricos em inglês. O uso de shadowspeak na sua rotina de estudos será fundamental para sua evolução na língua.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.