Prática de Shadowing: The British Museum is full of stolen artifacts - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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This is the British Museum.
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It's the world's largest world history museum, and it draws millions of visitors every year.
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Inside, it holds more than 8 million cultural and historical artifacts from all over the world, which cover 2 million years of human history.
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If you follow the museum's recommended list of "don't miss" items, you'll see its starpieces.
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Like this Easter Island sculpture that's about a thousand years old.
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Or this bronze sculpture of the Hindu god Shiva.
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Thank you you But there's a problem hidden in the museum, and we can see an example of it along this route.
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Out of those 12 pieces, nearly half have disputed ownership.
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The British Museum claims those pieces belong there, on display for the world to see.
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But in recent years, many have been fighting to get them back to where they came from.
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The list of disputed museum treasures is keeps on growing.
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Should cultural artefacts return to their home countries or be left in Western museums?
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The subject of intense debate as to who should now own them.
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Let's start with some context.
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In the late 1600s, the British Empire began expanding across several continents.
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It became the largest empire in history, controlling about a quarter of the world's land and population.
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During its centuries -long rule, the empire took precious resources and wealth from countries all over the world,
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including cultural and historical artifacts.
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many of which ended up here,
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in the British Museum, which was founded in 1753 and kept growing to accommodate all the new pieces in its collection.
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Lots of the items in the museum were legally acquired and are completely undisputed,
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like this one: a 2 ,000 -year -old Roman vase sold to the museum by a duke in 1945.
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The problem is, with the pieces that are disputed, Like the first item you see as soon as you walk in: the Rosetta Stone,
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taken by British troops from the French in what is now Egypt.
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Or further in, the Parthenon sculptures, removed from the Acropolis in Athens by a British lord and sent to the British Museum.
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Or over here, on the floor dedicated to African art.
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The Benin Bronzes.
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some of the most contentious items in the museum.
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The Benin bronzes are kind of hard to categorize because they include such a huge range of items,
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from engraved ivory tusks to brass sculptures to plaques.
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But they were all produced here, in the Kingdom of Benin, in present -day Nigeria.
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This wealthy and industrious kingdom produced thousands of objects and art pieces starting in the 1500s.
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A lot of the items adorned palace walls and were used for religious rituals, but they weren't just decorative.
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There were visual archives of the kingdom in a society know them.
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That's Professor Chika Okekeagulu, an art historian and professor from Nigeria who teaches at Princeton University.
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They told their history, how they narrated the histories of kingship,
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of the kingdom, its political and social life.
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But in 1897, Benin would lose thousands of these cultural pieces.
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At the time, European colonial powers were expanding south in what was called the Scramble for Africa.
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They split up the continent into spheres of influence for financial exploitation.
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All these pink areas were the British ones.
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Benin, over here, was in Britain's sphere of influence.
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But the kingdom didn't comply with Britain's trade demands.
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And in January of 1897, it led to what was called the Benin Disaster,
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plus their many guides and servants.
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In response, 1 ,200 British troops embarked on a mission called the Benin Punitive Expedition.
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The British wanted revenge, but the mission was about more than just that.
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There were reports of these vast treasures in the palace of the King of Benin,
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and that if they could retrieve these treasures,
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sales from it could offset the cost of the invasion. And so...
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The punitive expedition, in other words, was also an economic enterprise.
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The British soldiers, armed with machine guns, conquered the city and burned it to the ground, but not before carefully taking thousands of artifacts.
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They piled them up neatly, photographed them, and even labeled them loot.
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This photo, taken at the Benin Palace after the raid, shows soldiers with the dismantled plaques that were brought to the British Museum and sold all over the world.
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And after hundreds of years, the once prosperous kingdom was gone.
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The region fell under full British colonial control until 1960, when Nigeria, including the city of Benin, gained independence.
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But even though they were finally free, their historical artifacts were still spread all over the world,
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locked up in Western institutions like the Leipzig Museum of Ethnology in Germany and the Quai Branly Museum in Paris.
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And, of course, the British Museum.
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1995, in London.
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That was my first time of seeing an original ancient Benin at work.
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was, yes, at the British Museum.
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Being in the presence of these magnificent
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objects and knowing that I had to travel all the way from Nigeria to see for the first time these objects.
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It was a mixture of pride in the achievement of these ancient artists.
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And anger mixed with a sense of loss at what could have been
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if I only had to travel a few hundred miles.
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But at this point you're limited to
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those privileged like me who could get a visa to travel all the way from Nigeria to England to encounter these objects.
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most Nigerians will never see them.
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you In March 2000, Benin's royal family tried to change that.
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They officially requested all cultural property illegally taken be returned to the rightful owner.
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But for the most part, the British Museum has ignored any requests.
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The museum is restricted by a government act that prevents it from returning objects, but it has also made its stance clear.
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In July of 2020, the British Museum told Vox: We don't restitute, but we are absolutely committed to lending as widely as possible, including to Nigeria.
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The museum's foundational value resides in its breadth, scale, complexity, and unity, and as such is a true library of the world.
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Chica doesn't see it that way.
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The British Museum still behaves like a colonial museum.
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You cannot claim to be an encyclopedic collector of stolen objects.
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But some are starting to reckon with this history. In 2014, the grandson of this British soldier from the 1897 Benin Punitive
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Expedition returned these two items he had inherited to the Benin royal family.
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And in 2007, the Benin Dialogue Group was formed.
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Western museums that hold the bronzes and Nigerian government representatives have been discussing potential solutions ever since. But...
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As of today, none of the bronzes have been returned.
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But this is just one story.
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This legacy is bigger than the Benin bronzes.
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There are hundreds of contested items in the British Museum, with their own rich histories and with original owners trying to retrieve them.
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But the problem is even bigger than the British Museum.
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It's a legacy of centuries of colonial power that repeats itself again and again, with different artifacts, in different museums.
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Because these requests aren't just about items.
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They are also about cultural and historical identity and who gets to own it.
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"This is a long -term project.
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It may last beyond my own lifetime,
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but the point is that it's now to start that process.
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We cannot wait any longer for a next generation to even begin.
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the necessary task and project of cultural reconstitution.
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you you
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Contexto & Antecedentes
O British Museum é uma instituição icônica localizada em Londres, reconhecida por ser o maior museu de história mundial. Com uma coleção que ultrapassa 8 milhões de artefatos culturais e históricos, o museu abriga relíquias que contam a história da humanidade ao longo de mais de 2 milhões de anos. No entanto, o que muitos visitantes podem não perceber é que boa parte dos itens em exibição tem a propriedade contestada. A discussão sobre a restituição de artefatos culturais para seus países de origem é um tema crescente, especialmente à luz das injustiças históricas cometidas durante a era colonial.
As 5 Principais Frases para Comunicação Diária
- This is the British Museum. - Isto é o British Museum.
- It draws millions of visitors every year. - Atrai milhões de visitantes todos os anos.
- Many have been fighting to get them back. - Muitos têm lutado para recuperá-los.
- There were reports of these vast treasures. - Havia relatos sobre esses vastos tesouros.
- Should cultural artifacts return to their home countries? - Os artefatos culturais devem retornar aos seus países de origem?
Guia Passo a Passo para Shadowing
Para quem deseja aprender inglês com youtube e melhorar a pronúncia em inglês, o método de shadowing é extremamente eficaz. Abaixo estão algumas etapas para ajudá-lo a usar o vídeo do British Museum para praticar.
- Assistir com Atenção: Comece assistindo ao vídeo sem legendas. Tente captar o contexto e a pronúncia das palavras.
- Reproduzir em Trechos: Separe o vídeo em seções curtas. Isso tornará mais fácil a repetição e a fixação do idioma.
- Praticar o Shadowing: Ao ouvir uma frase, pause e repita imediatamente após o falante. Essa prática ajuda a melhorar a pronúncia em inglês e a fluência.
- Gravar Sua Voz: Grave-se fazendo o shadowing. Isso permitirá que você ouça como está se saindo e onde precisa melhorar.
- Analisar e Repetir: Ouça suas gravações e compare com o original. Identifique áreas que precisam de mais prática e repita o processo.
Utilizar esta técnica de shadow speak em vídeos informativos como o do British Museum pode auxiliar significativamente no desenvolvimento da sua prática de conversação em inglês. Boa sorte e continue explorando o mundo do idioma!
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — uma ação que começou antes e continua | have been fighting · have been discussing |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | be left · was founded · are disputed |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | have disputed · has ignored · has also made |
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.