Практика Shadowing: The 21st century brain - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

Выберите режим практики

Каждый режим открывает полноэкранную комнату практики.

173 предложений

Если предложения слишком короткие или длинные, нажмите Edit, чтобы их изменить.

- What happened?

Thank you.

Hello, I'm Dr Hannah Critchlow.

I'm a fellow here at Magdalen College, Cambridge University.

I've been researching the 21st century brain and how we can all future -proof our minds in the age of AI.

I would say no, because embedded within our brains is this incredible mechanism called synaptic plasticity.

If we skip back in our species history, then similarly in the 21st century BC, humanity was undergoing a big evolutionary shift.

There was the widespread use of the written word.

We were also using metals to develop incredible tools, including weapons.

and we were starting to live in more city -like states.

If we now skip forward to today, the 21st century AD, We similarly seem to have been compelled to develop incredible technologies

that allow us to communicate with one another across the globe as never before.

The invention of the internet, social media, even the development of artificial intelligent technologies

that have been very much inspired on understanding of how our own neural networks operate to create human intelligence.

We've developed these technologies that allow us to share our perspectives, share our knowledge, across generations and across the world.

And I would say that our ability

To have this synaptic plasticity within our brain that allows us to learn from our environment, to remember new things and behave in new ways so

that we can innovate and problem solve

and evolve into the future will again help us to thrive into the 21st century and beyond.

Now traditionally, societies and scientists really thought that our species' success was underpinned by our ability to be logical,

to reason and to be rational.

And actually our emotions were this sloppy hysterical thing that really we should try to control or quash or ignore.

Increasingly, scientists and society are starting to appreciate how our emotions actually bring with them lots of layers of additional information.

And they can be used as guides to help us with our decision making.

So we know, for example, now, that our emotional intelligence is the number one predictor for our life success and satisfaction levels.

And scientists have increasingly been able to study this incredibly complex behaviour of emotional intelligence and empathy,

and we now have tools to start to measure it more precisely.

And what we're finding from the scientific studies is that emotional intelligence is not very heritable.

So it's got a heritability level of around 10 to 45%, meaning

that the genes that we've been given from our mum and dad actually don't play a big component in this complex behaviour.

Now this means that our environment, the society we're in, plays a big major role in shaping our emotional intelligence.

And this also brings with it good news because it means that we can all enhance or elevate our emotional intelligence,

regardless of the genes that we've been given from our mum and from our dad.

So, how do we do this?

Well, simple things like, for example, looking each other in the eye directly.

We can also practice self -compassion, so spend time listening to our own emotions and actually trying to use them to help us to guide our behaviour.

We can also spend time reading fiction books, which place us in other people's worlds, help us to learn about other people's perspectives and the journeys that they go on.

And in fact, there's medical schools in America that have introduced humanity classes

that are essential for their students to help develop their emotional intelligence and empathy skills.

We can even feed our emotional intelligence.

There was a lovely study that was published recently where they took a hundred volunteers and half of them,

they actually fed them with prebiotics and probiotics just for a small number of weeks

and that helped to enhance their altruistic behaviour.

So they were much more likely to act with other people in mind, creating a much more egalitarian state.

-Hum.

Now, leaders have to make sometimes very difficult decisions, and it helps them not to be too swayed by everybody else's situation.

And unfortunately, As we've all seen, this can sometimes go too far in the wrong direction.

Now, embedded within our nervous system are these very clever mechanisms that help leaders to make these difficult decisions.

So for example, if you're in a position of power, your mirror neuron circuits, which are nerve cells within the brain,

that are thought to be involved in our ability to imitate one another and to have empathy for others.

These nerve cells actually start to quieten down with electrical activity when people are in a position of power.

Now there's a lot of information from the outside world

and from the people around us that we don't actually store within our brains.

We store that knowledge within our peripheral nervous system and particularly from the nerve cells in the gut and in the heart.

I don't know whether you've ever had a gut feeling about something or a heart flicker.

That's those nerve cells that live there sending a little signal up via the vagus nerve,

which is a cable or a bundle of nerve cells that runs all the way from those organs up to the brain, and to a particular region called the insula,

which is involved in monitoring the information from your body and also the knowledge and the people and the environment around you.

And when you're in a position of power, there's a dampening down of that vagal nerve sensitivity,

which means that you're less able to take on board that knowledge from the outside world, and use it in your decision making.

Now, is there anything that we can do to help combat this impact of power on the nervous system?

So that we can immunize its negative effects, if you like?

Well, yes, thankfully there does seem to be.

So, for example, if we just spend 30 seconds every day doing some exercises to get our heart rate up,

Then spend the next 30 seconds listening to that strong heart beat and really tuning into it.

And if we do this for just a small number of weeks,

it can help us to get into the habit of listening to our peripheral nervous system and listening to that collective knowledge,

that wisdom from the outside world, that's being stored in that embodied cognition.

Thank you.

We might be finding it increasingly difficult to think with clarity and precision.

There is no doubt lots going on in our environment in the current day.

However, there are some key ways that we can help our brain to focus and think clearly and not get overwhelmed.

So for example, making sure that we eat healthily so our brain is getting the nutrients that it needs, and so that we're not filling our diets with processed food

that actually lack that nutritional value that our bodies and brains are sometimes screaming for.

Also making sure that we sleep so

that we can help to consolidate what we've learned from the day before into nice stable memories

so that we can form new habits in behaviour.

And so we know that if we exercise regularly, then that helps to create new nerve cells within the brain,

particularly the hippocampus, which is a key region of the brain involved in learning

and memory and helping us to navigate our environment.

So that advice all seems very intuitive.

It's things that we all really know already to be true.

But more recently, there's some new neuroscience knowledge that's coming out that can similarly help us to make the right decisions.

21st century brain, I went to James Cook University to meet with Professor Zoltan Skorny.

He's leading one of the world's largest randomised controlled trials, looking at how our diet can influence our ability to think clearly and with precision.

He's looking at one extreme end of the spectrum for this behaviour.

And I met with some of the patients that are on the trial.

They've been diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar.

So conditions that are very much characterised by very chaotic

disorganized thought that might result in hallucinations or delusions and a difficulty creating reality.

And he's found that simply changing their diet can have a profound impact on their ability to think clearly and with precision.

effectively removing their debilitating symptoms.

It's incredibly important for groups of brains or groups of people to work together well.

And scientists have started to recently study exactly how that magic can happen in the brain.

If we hook up individuals to an EEG machine so that we're measuring the electrical activity within their brains, we can see

that the degree of brain synchronicity between the individuals in the team can actually be used to predict how well

that group of people works are working together.

if they're learning from each other.

100

if they're building consensus, if they're having dissent but without conflict.

101

if they're allowing ideas to hop from mind to mind so that they can innovate and problem -solve effectively, then you can see this within the brain.

102

The degree of brain synchronicity,

103

so those electrical traces lining up with each other between brains can predict how well a group of people are working together.

104

So knowing this, is there anything that we can do to help boost a team's performance fire their brain synchronicity.

105

Yes, So it's simple things that again we know intuitively to be true.

106

So if we look each other in the eye directly, That helps to boost brain synchronicity.

107

If we do simple things like sing with each other.

108

And that helps to increase brain synchronicity.

109

And if we look throughout our species history, embedded across many different religions across the globe, we see rituals of chanting,

110

of singing together and praying together.

111

Skills that help to boost that brain synchronicity, helping us to bond.

112

We also know that exercising together helps increase brain synchronicity, and as does being in a positive mood.

113

And in fact, we can even predict within 30 seconds of a group of strangers coming together, who's going to be the leader of the group,

114

by looking at the degree of brain synchronicity they exhibit.

115

So those that fall in line with others and sometimes lead

116

that dance of brain synchronicity are much more likely to be the leaders of the group.

117

Now our brains, as clever as they are, they basically operate as prediction machines.

118

So they like to

119

process information from the outside world and then predict what's going on and then create an output which is our behaviour.

120

Now, to put this in numbers, something like 11 million bits of data enters our senses every single second.

121

It's a vast amount of information, but we're only consciously aware of something in the region of 40 bits per second.

122

So a huge amount of information we discard, we don't prioritise and we're not consciously aware of.

123

And our brains have to do this so that we can actually keep up with reality.

124

Otherwise we might effectively just blow a fuse.

125

So in order for our brains to do this we basically create shortcuts in our thinking.

126

We use our past to create a lens of expectation for how we want to interact and navigate through the world.

127

This creates biases or assumptions within our brain.

128

It creates shortcuts in our information processing, so that we can function effectively.

129

When you're dealing with a new situation, when there's a lot of uncertainty and ambiguity in your environment, your brain struggles to predict.

130

It doesn't really know what's going on and it has to analyse lots of new data at the same time.

131

And if there's a lot of ambiguity or uncertainty in our environment,

132

our brain has to work incredibly hard to do all the metabolic work in order to have the agility

133

and the nimbleness to think our way through this new situation.

134

The one thing that we do know for sure though, is that none of us predict our futures.

135

We have uncertainty all the time in our environment.

136

We don't know what tomorrow will bring, let alone the next month or the next year.

137

So how do we increase our tolerance for it?

138

Well, making sure that our nervous system isn't feeling too stressed. or fearful.

139

So for example, simple things like breathing.

140

Breathing in for four seconds.

141

Thank you and then exhaling for four seconds.

142

and tracing the shape of a box.

143

with each breath.

144

and doing a few iterations of that can help calm the nervous system.

145

We know that a small amount of stress is actually quite good for our brains.

146

It increases the flexibility or the plasticity in the brain.

147

but chronic amounts of stress feeling fear, feeling very much frightened of our environment.

148

can actually cause neurotoxicity.

149

IT'S A LITTLE BIT OF A strips connections in the brain, And it can also, in severe cases, cause nerve cells to die.

150

It can also decrease the rate of neurogenesis.

151

so that not as many new nerve cells are being born in the brain to help us to learn

152

and remember in new ways.

153

So it's really important for us to approach uncertainty and ambiguity, with feelings of possibility rather than fear or doom.

154

And see, opportunity within these situations rather than simply being frightened.

155

So we seem to have been compelled to develop these incredible technologies going back to the 21st century BC

156

when the written word was coming into widespread use.

157

to nowadays where we have increasing numbers of technologies that allow us to share our perspective,

158

to allow us to share our information and our knowledge about the world with others.

159

The internet, the development of social media, the development of artificial intelligence systems that allow us to trawl through vast data sets

160

and see patterns to change our perspective of the world and how we understand it.

161

All of these technologies have arisen from the human mind.

162

And all of them, I would argue, help us to connect.

163

on a deeper level.

164

This ability of ours, this drive of ours to connect with one another, seems to have underpinned our species' success in the past.

165

but also in the future.

166

And many researchers believe

167

that we're undergoing a massive evolutionary transition towards creating a hyper -connected organic computer if you like or a human hive mind,

168

allowing us to share our ideas and to innovate and to share our perspective and knowledge like never before.

169

And I think amongst all of this technological developments, we have to really value our ability to connect with others on a human level.

170

Two of the communities that I've been very much lucky to be involved in is the houseboat community on the River Cam,

171

and also the college community here at Magdalen at Cambridge University.

172

And there, there is a real sense of human connection, of valuing each other's intelligence of being challenged by different perspectives.

173

and actually helping to move are thinking forwards as a result.

Скачать приложение

Всё для свободной речи

ИИ-оценка произношенияОценка каждой фразы

Практика IPAОсвойте каждый звук

СловарьСоберите свой словарный запас

Игра со словамиУчитесь играя

Сканировать QR

Download on theApp Store Get it onGoogle Play

Тот же канал

In memoriam Professor Stephen Hawking 1942 - 2018.

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students

FOR YOU

Контекст и фон

В этом видео доктор Ханна Критчлоу делится своими исследованиями о мозге 21 века и обнаруживает, как мы можем защитить свои умы в эпоху искусственного интеллекта. Она подчеркивает важность синаптической пластичности – способности мозга изменяться и адаптироваться в ответ на новый опыт. В контексте стремительного развития технологий, таких как интернет и социальные сети, доктор Критчлоу подчеркивает, что наша способность адаптироваться и учиться остается ключевым элементом успеха. Она также акцентирует внимание на эмоциональном интеллекте и его влиянии на жизненное удовлетворение и достижение целей.

Топ-5 фраз для повседневного общения

Как нам помещать свои эмоции в нашу жизнь?
Я считаю, что эмоциональный интеллект – это ключ к успеху.
Важно учитывать разные перспективы при принятии решений.
Наша среда формирует нашу эмоциональную интеллигентность.
Простые вещи, такие как взгляд в глаза, могут улучшить общение.

Пошаговое руководство по shadow speak

Чтобы эффективно использовать shadow speak для улучшения произношения английского, следуйте этому пошаговому руководству:

Слушайте внимательно: Переслушивайте видео несколько раз, чтобы уловить интонацию и ритм речи доктора Критчлоу.
Повторяйте за спикером: Задействуйте технику shadowing английский – повторяйте каждую фразу сразу после ее произнесения, имитируя интонацию и темп.
Записывайте себя: Записывайте свои попытки, чтобы проанализировать и выявить области для улучшения.
Работайте с трудными фразами: Если некоторые выражения показались сложными, выделяйте их и практикуйте отдельно.
Практика с другими: Соберите компанию для обмена опытом и практики разговорного английского, чтобы улучшить навык взаимодействия.

Следуя этому методу, вы сможете не только улучшить произношение английского, но и развить уверенность в общении на языке, что откроет новые горизонты в вашем обучении.

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

Конструкция	В видео
Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас	have been · We've developed · we've been given
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает	have been compelled · was underpinned · we've been given
Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете	circuits, which are · hippocampus, which is · output which is

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →

Практика Shadowing: The 21st century brain - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

Выберите режим практики

Скачать приложение

Тот же канал

In memoriam Professor Stephen Hawking 1942 - 2018.

Рекомендуемое видео

A.I. ‐ Humanity's Final Invention?

Neuroscientist's Guide To 10X Your Focus & Memory | Dr Sahar Yousef | FO559 Raj Shamani

Business Partner C1. Unit 1. Video 1.1.1.

How our expectations shape what we see, hear, and feel

AI & Education: Generative AI & the Future of Critical Thinking

The Habits That Keep Your Brain Sharp | Dr. Sanjay Gupta - World Governments Summit

28 May 2026

The Human Element

Peter Fonagy: What is Mentalization?

Is technology making us lazy and less intelligent? #FOREsight | MOTIVATIONAL BOOKS

Early Computing: Crash Course Computer Science #1

REWIRE YOUR BRAIN - Neuroscientist Explains How To Control Your Mind in MINUTES!

Контекст и фон

Топ-5 фраз для повседневного общения

Пошаговое руководство по shadow speak

Грамматика в этом видео

Что такое техника Shadowing?