Практика Shadowing: How our expectations shape what we see, hear, and feel - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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64 предложений
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1
It can certainly feel like emotions happen to you, that they bubble up and that they cause you to do and say things.
2
But that experience is an illusion that the brain creates.
Но этот опыт — иллюзия, которую создаёт мозг.
3
Not everybody has as much control as they might like, but everybody has a little more control than they think they do.
4
When you're experiencing emotion or you're in an emotional state, what your brain is doing is telling itself a story about
5
what is going on inside your body in relation to what's happening in the world.
6
Your brain is always regulating your body.
7
Your body is always sending sensory information back to your brain.
8
And your brain isn't wired in a way for you to experience those sensory changes specifically.
9
Instead, what you experience is a summary.
10
And that's where those simple feelings come from.
11
If you understand that every experience you have now becomes part of your brain's ability to predict,
12
then you realize that the best way to change your past is to change your present.
13
Just in the same way that you would exercise to make yourself healthier,
14
you can invest energy to cultivate different experiences for yourself.
15
The fact that your brain is using your past experience to predict what you're going to see and hear and feel
Тот факт, что ваш мозг использует ваш прошлый опыт, чтобы предсказать, что вы увидите, услышите и почувствуете.
16
means that you are an architect of your experience.
это значит, что вы — архитектор своего собственного опыта.
17
And that doesn't involve breaking predictions.
18
It involves seeding your brain to predict differently.
19
It's my belief that the way in which emotions evolved was to deal with things like saber-toothed tigers,
20
the current incarnation of which is the car that's suddenly lurching at your car at a high speed.
21
You don't have time to think.
22
In split seconds, you have to do and make very complex decisions.
23
And if you had to think about what you were doing, you'd be dead.
24
It's a system that evolved to deal with really important things without your thinking about.
25
So that means that sometimes you're going to be very unconsidered, very thoughtless.
26
Well, these exercises that we're giving people, moving their facial muscles,
27
concentrating on the sensations to make them more aware of an emotion
28
when it arises so that they will feel it at the moment
29
and then can say did you really mean to ignore me?
30
No. It was just an accident or maybe I shouldn't jump to the conclusion that she doesn't care about me at all.
31
The way in which we can improve of our emotional life is to introduce conscious awareness.
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Nature did not want you to do that.
33
So you have to do it yourself.
34
All relationships are colored with expectations about myself and about the other.
35
My expectations influence that which I then see or hear.
36
It is a filter as well as my mood.
37
That is one of the most important things to understand about relationships and communication
38
is how people actually co-create each other in the context of a relationship, because those people make part of who we are.
39
We will draw from them the very things which we expect from them, even when it's the opposite of what we really want.
40
A lot of emphasis is put on our ability to say certain things, to say them in the right way,
41
to articulate our needs, our feelings, our thoughts, our positions, our opinions.
42
What is lacking is the ability to see
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that speaking is entirely dictated by the quality of the listening that is reflected back on us.
44
If I am talking to someone who is on their phone, I will be expressing myself and experiencing the communication completely different than
45
if I am speaking to someone who is looking at me in the eyes who says to me, I get it, I understand.
46
Not necessarily I agree, because ultimately, if I speak to you, and in the end, I live feeling even more alone,
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I am literally in an existential crisis.
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There is nothing worse than to be alone in the presence of another.
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So when you listen to me, the first thing I need to know is that I have your attention.
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The second thing I need to know is that maybe you can acknowledge the validity of my point of view.
51
And potentially you may even empathize with my point of view.
52
You can understand why I would think or feel or experience things the way I do.
53
That reflecting back, acknowledging, validating, empathizing.
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That sequence is where the depth of communication takes place.
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When you enter this world, you're not wired full of memories that your brain will use to predict.
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Other people cultivate your world
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and as a consequence they are wiring your brain full of experiences that your brain will then use to predict.
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So as an adult you can make decisions about what you experience now.
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You can make choices about how you act and those decisions
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and choices either reinforce the predictions that your brain makes or it changes them.
61
Sometimes in life we are responsible for changing things not
62
because we're culpable or to blame for those things but because we're the only ones who can change them.
63
You always have tools available at your disposal to heal yourself,
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to act differently, and to feel differently.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
В этом видео 64 предложений и 881 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 6:51. Говорящий держит ровный темп — около 128 слов в минуту, удобный для шедоуинга. 87% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| predict глагол | /pɹɪˈdɪkt/ | предска́зывать, предсказа́ть |
| emotion существительное | /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/ | эмо́ция, чу́вство |
| wire существительное | /ˈwaɪɚ/ | про́волока, про́вод |
| differently наречие | /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/ | по-друго́му |
| reflect глагол | /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ | отража́ть, отража́ться |
| involve глагол | /ɪnˈvɑlv/ | каса́ться, косну́ться |
| acknowledge глагол | /əkˈnɑ.lɪd͡ʒ/ | признава́ть, призна́ть |
| expectation существительное | /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/ | ожида́ние |
| prediction существительное | /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/ | предсказа́ние, прогно́з |
| evolve глагол | /ɪˈvɑlv/ | развива́ться, разви́ться |
| ignore глагол | /ɪɡˈnɔː/ | игнори́ровать, проигнори́ровать |
| necessarily наречие | /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/ | обяза́тельно |
| belief существительное | /bɪˈliːf/ | ве́ра, дове́рие |
| awareness существительное | /əˈwɛɹ.nəs/ | созна́ние, осозна́ние |
| mood существительное | /muːd/ | настрое́ние, расположе́ние |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 14 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например you're, we're, doesn't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: tooth /tuθ/, empathize /ˈɛmpəˌθaɪz/, thoughtless /ˈθɔtləs/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, prediction /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, validity /vəˈlɪd.ɪ.ti/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как predict, emotion, wire.
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | isn't wired · are colored · is put |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | someone who is · ones who can |
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.