ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Civil 3D course for beginners - Part 2 of 3

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Welcome to part 2 of 3 part

Civil 3D Beginners video series.

If you missed part 1, then click here to check it.

And if you want to learn

Civil 3D right from scratch with full length project based courses, then click the link in the description of the video or pinned comment.

With that, let's get started.

Okay, so now that we have a little bit of an understanding about the interface and the settings and how

Civil 3D works with styles.

Let's kind of get our road done.

Let's first talk about project management.

Alright, so the first thing we're going to talk about is this existing ground surface that we have.

So this surface came from our surveyors.

If you want to kind of take a look at it real quickly, this is the existing conditions.

You can see here there's a road.

We're gonna put our road over here because we're doing a bypass.

The cool thing about this project is this.

This is actually completed.

If I were to turn on my geolocation

and we'll set the aerials on here you will see

that this project is already done this was pleated in construction about two three years ago

and this is a project that I had worked on and

if we zoom in here let's just turn this off real quickly we'll just isolate it

and hide it you'll see that this project is actually done this is pretty cool right

so this is the existing conditions and we're gonna actually do this road

and basically you know so you can see kind of how fast this gets done in Civil 3D.

Let's go ahead and just bring our service back here.

All right.

Okay

so what we need to now do is I need to

set my working folder to the location of where my project is located.

So my projects are located in here.

We'll just click select folder.

Now what it does by default is it finds the first folder within that folder that has an underscore shortcuts folder.

Okay, but what I want to do is I want to put this in my project folder.

So I'm going to right click here and click on new data shortcuts project folder.

Now all I have to do is type the name of the main part of my folder, which is called three part tutorial.

So I'll type that in here right now.

So three dash part.

All right, I'm not going to use a project template, but you could.

Now I'm going to click OK here and watch what happens.

Immediately this updates with the location of where my project is going to be.

So I'm going to open file location here.

Let's open up my Windows Explorer and as you can see what it did was it created a folder called

underscore shortcuts and inside that folder is simply subfolders that allow me to contain the data shortcuts, which are simple XML files,

they're literally just text files, that point to the location of where the data reference is.

So the drawing that we're going to be working in is in drawings, okay, and then my references,

which this is existing ground, is located inside here.

So now what I need to do is associate this file to the current project.

I'll click OK here.

You'll shows that it's part of that project.

And now I'm going to make a data shortcut for the existing ground surface

so that I can bring it into my other project files.

So if I expand surfaces and look at EG, there it is.

And again, all that this does is it creates a simple little text file that points to the location of that surface.

That is it.

Now let's go ahead and begin our project.

Now we're going to do everything else in this file.

Normally I would create a separate alignment file then make a data shortcut

and then maybe make separate model files and then data reference in all the other objects I would need.

But just to get this tutorial done, let's just bring in the EG and let me back up here.

Let me just show you what we're starting with.

We are starting with nothing and that's what I really want to show you here.

I'm going to do a control A and

if you look here the properties

I've got five circles just to help me kind of get the alignments in there real quickly.

Okay, but that's basically it here.

So first off, let's associate this project to the current drawing, which is this part two drawing that we're in.

Again, now you see it up here.

And now I want my EG because I'm going to need that to see it for my profile.

I don't need it to display.

I don't really care.

I'm going to set that to no display.

Now let's go ahead and go to AutoCAD reference

and let's bring in my DWG

which is my topo file okay this is the existing condition again a surveyor located all the data for us

so that we can see what needs to be done

so the background of this project is there were way too

many trucks coming into this gas station in this area right here

and it was clogging up this intersection horribly this is a DOT road this is basically a state road, okay?

And they were...

telling the county you have to take care of this and

so they hired an engineering firm to create a bypass road just for the trucks to enter

and then come into this way and that way they wouldn't clog up this entrance.

They exited a different way as well so they would come out this way

and then just the exit's fine but they cannot turn into this here.

And that's the main purpose of this project.

So as you can see I've already drawn some circles to kind of guide me into creating my alignments

and profiles and all that good stuff.

All right.

So basically, let's create the mainline alignment first, and then we'll create the side road alignment here as well.

Okay.

So let's go ahead and go to the Home tab, Create Design Panel, Alignment, Alignment Creation Tools.

We'll call this one US 129 because that's the name of the road.

Always start your stationing at 10 or 100 plus 00.

So I'll just start at 100 plus 00.

I've got my styles ready to go, label sets ready to go, Click OK, and I'm off and running.

I need one tangent, as this is a straight road in this location.

So I'm just going to do tangents.

I'm going to go ahead and go to the center of this circle here.

100

And I'm going to go to the center of this circle here.

101

Again, this just guides me.

102

But as you can see, I'm pretty much just going between the midpoint of the road to the midpoint of the road.

103

That's it.

104

All right, so that alignment is actually done now.

105

So let's go ahead and go to alignment, alignment creation tools.

106

and this road will be called Love's Bypass as this is a Love's gas station.

107

So Love's Bypass and we'll start this one at 200 plus a pair.

108

This way you never repeat your stationing.

109

Again notice how it's getting its own layer because the settings are ready to go.

110

It's got the default styles ready to go.

111

Click OK.

112

Now for this one I'm going to create two tangents and then I'm going to fill it in between them.

113

So I'll start at the center of this circle here.

114

So I'll start at the center of this circle here, and we'll just go from here, and we'll go to the center of this circle here.

115

Again, based upon the design criteria and the avoiding of all these utility poles, as you can see, it's a pretty major line here.

116

That's how we initially designed this road.

117

And then I'm going to go ahead and continue this.

118

I'm going to go from here, and I'm going to go perpendicular to my new alignment.

119

Press escape.

120

And now I've got my first tangent labeled, but this is not labeled yet because this is not connected.

121

So let's go ahead and do a free curve fillet between two entities radius.

122

We'll go ahead and select our first tangent, pick our second tangent, and then it's less than 180, press enter.

123

And the radius I want is 250, press enter.

124

And now I'm ready to go.

125

And it's that simple.

126

That's how you create alignments.

127

Again, there are multiple ways to do things as you can see by the alignment layout tool.

128

There's a ton of these fixed floating free methodologies.

129

You can even do spirals if you need to and so on.

130

So now what we need to do is we need to create a profile for our alignment.

131

So we'll create a service profile first.

132

We're gonna do this for both.

133

So I want to add in the EG and I'll click draw in profile view and

134

I'm gonna go ahead and pick the profile view

135

that I want here which is this one here

136

and we'll click next next next just go with the defaults

137

I don't want anything to be labeled

138

we're good we'll just create the profile view this is for US 129

139

now I want to do the same thing for the loves bypass

140

so we'll click on here pick my alignment we'll add in the EG

141

and then we'll go ahead and click on draw a profile view and we'll click the style that I want.

142

Click next.

143

Next we'll just create profile view and then we'll just put this one over here.

144

So let's first design this one.

145

So what I need to do first is I need to trace the roadway

146

because we have to start from there and then I'm going to have other locations where I have to trace as well.

147

This is a pretty simple road

148

and basically what I need to do is to make sure it does not go above the maximum stage for this pond.

149

So this pond is already here and the maximum stage is 154.

150

So Civil 3D provides these really great tools called transparent commands where I can actually draw stuff in Civil Engineering.

151

I just started the line command here and I want to start at 200, 0, 0.

152

Press enter and I want an elevation of 154 press enter

153

and I'm gonna press escape once because now I can use polar tracking to simply draw this line going straight across.

154

This lets me know do not get your profile below this elevation because the road will get wet.

155

So let's go ahead and select my profile view and we'll go ahead and click on profile creation tools.

156

I always give my proposed profiles an underscore so underscore loves

157

and we'll click on okay here

158

and for this here i'll simply start just drawing tangents

159

because i can change these afterwards i want to start here

160

and then basically i want to eventually i have to tie into this road here

161

but i also need a grade of 0 .3

162

so i'll go ahead and go to the transparent commands i'll click on grade length

163

and then i'll select my profile view and the grade i want is negative 0 .3.

164

That's my minimum grade that I want.

165

Now for a length, I don't know what that's going to be.

166

I can simply click and space.

167

As you can see, it's letting me just draw that grade in there.

168

And I'll just go ahead and click it and then press escape once.

169

And then I will go ahead and snap to the end point of this location here, which is my center line.

170

You'll see why in a second, why I'm not going to care about the rest of this in the middle here.

171

All right.

172

Now for this US 129, because I want to do intersection design, I actually have to trace it.

173

It does not work with a surface profile, and that's okay.

174

So let's go ahead and select this.

175

We'll click on profile creation tools, and we'll call this one underscore US 129.

176

Press enter.

177

Notice how the profile layout tools update.

178

I will simply draw tangents, and I'm going to trace the surface profile here.

179

So I'll trace this here.

180

Let me turn off polar tracking.

181

And we'll just trace this.

182

Okay, so of course I didn't want to trouble you guys with showing all that.

183

So as you can see here, I have a completed profile.

184

Okay, and now what I'm going to do, let's go ahead and turn off my topo, because now we know exactly where everything needs to be

185

and what I want to do is create an intersection at this location right here.

186

So let's go to the Home tab, Intersection, Create Intersection.

187

Let's go ahead and zoom in.

188

Okay, so of course I went through and just created all these.

189

I don't want to bore you guys, you know, placing PIs all over the place.

190

So that's all done.

191

And now what I need to do is create an intersection at this location here where this alignment intersects that one.

192

Okay.

193

So home tab, intersections, create intersection.

194

All you have to do is zoom into the location and where this exists.

195

We'll click here.

196

It picks it up automatically.

197

And notice how I have a setting that already gives it the right names that I want to.

198

We'll click next here.

199

There's my main line and my side road, which is important for priorities.

200

If you go to offset parameters, you can change the width of the roads here, but we're good to go.

201

And we'll go ahead and click on curb return parameters.

202

And my radii that I want is 35.

203

We're going to have some truck traffic in here.

204

So we want to make these as large as we need to.

205

And we'll click OK here.

206

All right.

207

And now we'll click next.

208

And I want to create a corridor.

209

So we'll create a new corridor model.

210

We're going to use these defaults, but just so you know, you can change these to whatever custom assemblies you have for your project.

211

Let's click create intersection.

212

We'll press escape.

213

Notice how it is basically done.

214

That's how simple this is.

215

Now, if I zoom in to the different spots where the assemblies are,

216

you'll notice that some of these assemblies don't actually have the curb and gutter, which I may need them to have.

217

So I've got this curb and gutter there, and I've got none over here.

218

What you can do is very simply open up your tool palettes.

219

So these are being used by the corridor model and I can simply grab the sub -assembly that I want, go to the properties palette,

220

I'll verify that it's set to left.

221

As I always say when you don't know what to do, look to the command line window.

222

It says insert, replace, or detached.

223

So I want to insert and I want to zoom in here

224

and I'll go ahead and click over here and notice how it inserts the curb into that location there.

225

I could then press escape once and then zoom in here and continue the process and press escape.

226

Now as you can see though, the daylighting is not going to the right location.

227

That's okay.

228

Select your sub -assembly and simply click the move in the contextual ribbon, click up here, and now it's over there.

229

I'll do the same thing below here.

230

select my sub -assembly, click move, zoom in, click here, and now we're ready to go.

231

Now of course I'm not done because I need this to be larger, right?

232

I need this to go all the way down to the location of where I might do an intersection at this location.

233

Just for time constraints, we're going to skip that.

234

But as you can see here, the second I pick that grip, all I have to do is rebuild my corridor model.

235

It automatically finds the targeted surface and everything.

236

I can do the same exact thing with this one here.

237

I'll go ahead and click here and I'll pull this all the way.

238

Again, you would probably pick a station of where this needs to go.

239

And I would do the same thing over here and pull this up over here.

240

Now, let's say though, I want to widen this side of the road.

241

So I'm going to go ahead and select this offset alignment that was generated from the intersection tool.

242

So I'll go ahead and select it, and I'm going to pull this offset alignment all the way down to the beginning or somewhere past it.

243

I'll do the same thing on this side here, and we'll go ahead and select that and pull this down here.

244

Now, let's say just for this part of the intersection, I want to create a widening.

245

I can simply select my offset alignment.

246

I can click the plus sign here and notice how I now have a widening.

247

I'll drag this widening to the station I want to go to.

248

So let's say this has to go to 10500.

249

I'll press enter.

250

It automatically puts it at that location.

251

I can then click these two buttons right here and click this button and then define where that taper needs to end.

252

So I'll type in 10600, press enter, 100 feet later.

253

And we'll do the same thing on this end here if I wanted to.

254

Let's say end that widening.

255

I would simply click here and then I'll drag this one 12 feet.

256

That's the width of my lane.

257

and then we'll pick this location here and this should be at let's say 111 plus a pair.

258

We'll click here to expand those grips and I'll pick here and I want that to be 110.

259

And now for this one here I want this offset to be 24 feet.

260

So I'll click on there type 24 press center.

261

Now here's the cool thing.

262

Because the corridor model was done with the intersection tool, it already was targeting that offset alignment.

263

You are done.

264

Now what I like to do in these instances is to select my corridor model and create a corridor surface.

265

This way I can see it in 3D a little bit better to make sure everything's working good.

266

We'll call this one road.

267

This is my top links.

268

I'll click the top one, click the plus sign, add as break line, go to boundaries, right click, corridor extents is boundary, and click OK.

269

And now if I press escape here and select my proposed surface and take this into the object viewer.

270

As you can see, this is a completed road within 20 minutes.

271

Now, would it need some tweaking and possible ditches or maybe something like that?

272

Yes, of course it might.

273

But you could go in and modify those very easily.

274

Within a few minutes, you have your corridor model.

275

This concludes tutorial two.

276

I'll see you in the third one.

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วิดีโอแนะนำ

113 ประโยค

คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้

บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “Civil 3D course for beginners - Part 2 of 3” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: click, ahead, road, create, alignment วิดีโอนี้มี 276 ประโยค และ 3216 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 18:06 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 178 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน 85% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก

คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้

คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:

คำศัพท์	คำอ่าน	ความหมาย
alignment คำนาม	/əˈlaɪn.mənt/	การปรับแนว, การปรับตรง
select คำกริยา	/sɪˈlɛkt/	คัดเลือก
intersection คำนาม	/ˈɪntəɹˌsɛkʃən/	สี่แยก, ทางแยก
folder คำนาม	/ˈfoʊldɚ/	โฟลเดอร์
corridor คำนาม	/ˈkɒɹɪdɔː/	ฉนวน
trace คำนาม	/tɹeɪs/	การตามรอย
label คำนาม	/ˈleɪ.bəl/	ฉลาก
insert คำกริยา	/ɪnˈsɝt/	แทรก
dragon คำนาม	/ˈdɹæɡən/	มังกร, นาค
expand คำกริยา	/ɪkˈspænd/	ขยาย
width คำนาม	/ˈwɪtθ/	ความกว้าง
transparent คำคุณศัพท์	/tɹænsˈpæɹənt/	ใส, โปร่งใส
propose คำกริยา	/pɹəˈpəʊz/	เสนอ
pond คำนาม	/pɑnd/	บ่อน้ำ, สระน้ำ
extent คำนาม	/ɪkˈstɛnt/	ขอบข่าย, ขนาด

กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน

คำศัพท์	ความหมาย
turn off คำกริยา	ปิด, ดับ

ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ

ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:

With that, let's get started.
Let's kind of get our road done.
Let's first talk about project management.
You can see here there's a road.
We'll just click select folder.

ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้

โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:

โครงสร้าง	ในวิดีโอ
Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ	is actually completed · is located · are located
Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ	folder, which is · shortcuts, which are · drawing, which is

การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง

ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 130 ครั้ง เช่น we'll, I'm, I'll ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน

เสียง “th”: width /ˈwɪtθ/, methodology /ˌmɛθ.əˈdɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/
เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: intersection /ˈɪntəɹˌsɛkʃən/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, elevation /ˌɛlɪˈveɪʃn̩/, dash /ˈdæʃ/, shortcut /ˈʃɔːtkʌt/
คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: intersection /ˈɪntəɹˌsɛkʃən/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, parameter /pəˈɹæm.ə.tɚ/, priority /pɹaɪˈɒɹɪti/, utility /juːˈtɪlɪti/

เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:

เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: trace /tɹeɪs/, bypass /ˈbaɪpæs/, label /ˈleɪ.bəl/, radius /ˈɹeɪ.di.əs/, tutorial /ˌtjuːˈtɔːɹɪəl/
/v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: elevation /ˌɛlɪˈveɪʃn̩/, curve /kɚv/, verify /ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/, viewer /ˈvju.ɚ/, surveyor /sɚˈveɪ̯.ɚ/
/z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: zoom /zuːm/, propose /pɹəˈpəʊz/, afterwards /ˈæf.tɚ.wɚdz/, exit /ˈɛɡzət/

วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้

ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง alignment, select, intersection เป็นพิเศษ

เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?

Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ

เทคนิค shadowing: อ่านคู่มือฉบับเต็มทีละขั้นตอน →

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เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?