ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: How to increase your vocabulary
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224 ประโยค
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Hi again.
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Welcome back to www .engvid .com.
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I'm Adam.
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Today's lesson is meant to show you ways of increasing your vocabulary.
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I know some of the other teachers on www .engvid .com have done these lessons.
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I just want to throw my two cents in, if you know what that means.
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It means I want to give my own piece of advice.
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I have a few ideas for you.
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We're going to start with these.
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We'll look at a few others, more practical ones as well.
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The most important thing that you can do to increase your vocabulary is read.
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Read a lot.
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What should you read?
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Anything and everything.
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But the most important thing is read what you are interested in.
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Okay?
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If you like sports, read a sports magazine.
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If you like movies, read a movie magazine.
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Even better, read the script of the movie.
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If If the movie is based on a novel, read the novel.
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For example, recently the movie
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Life of Pi was very famous in the theaters.
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It's based on a novel.
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Read the novel.
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It's a pretty good book.
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My favorite movie, Shawshank Redemption, based on a novella by Stephen King.
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Read it.
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Best way to increase your vocabulary.
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Also, don't just learn new words and try to remember them.
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Write.
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Write a lot.
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Use the words you're learning, right?
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Every time you learn a new word, you should have a notebook with you all the time anyway, write the word in a sentence.
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But not just any sentence.
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Make sure that the sentence clearly shows that you know the meaning of the word.
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Okay, so let's, for example, I know everybody knows this word, but beautiful, everybody knows this word, but let's say it's a new word for you.
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Don't write the sky is beautiful.
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It doesn't tell me anything about the word beautiful.
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The sky is also blue.
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Does Does beautiful mean blue?
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No. Make sure you're using something.
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I love to see a beautiful sky that has pretty clouds and a sunshine and a nice color,
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nice shade of blue because it makes me feel happy.
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Not the best example.
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It's a very long sentence, but you get my idea.
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Now, again, coming back to that notebook.
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Always have a notebook with you, always have a pen with you, and don't limit yourself to one new word.
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When you learn a new word, make sure you learn different forms of the same word, okay?
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So, for example, the word beautiful.
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Let's say this is a new word for you.
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You learn the word beautiful.
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Put it in your adjective column.
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It's an adjective, that's what you want.
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But why not learn the other forms?
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For example, what is the adverb form of beautiful.
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I think most of you know it.
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It's beautifully.
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So you have now two new words.
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What is the noun form of beautiful?
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It's beauty.
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You now have three new words in your vocabulary.
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Is there a verb form of beautiful?
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Yes, as a matter of fact, there is.
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Beautify means to make beautiful.
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You now have four new words.
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Think of other words.
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Beautician.
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Beautician is a person who works making people more beautiful.
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He does facials and manicures and pedicures and wax and whatever else these beauticians do.
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Anyways, try to find other forms, learn many words instead of just one word.
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Okay.
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Now, some people like to study roots and suffixes and prefixes.
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Personally, I'm not a huge fan of this recommendation, but first let me explain what a root is.
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For example, example, you have the root JECT.
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So you learn INJECT, EJECT, OBJECT, SUBJECT, all the different words that come from the root.
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So many people only study the word or the root JECT
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and think that it will help them understand all the words with this root.
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It's a good idea if you have the patience.
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I think most people who are studying English don't like to study root because it's like studying another language.
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If it works for you, do it.
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If it doesn't, don't.
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Okay.
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And now another thing you can do, listen.
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Listen to any spoken English that you can.
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I think some of you may have heard of TED .com.
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It's a good website.
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People give talks and lectures about different topics.
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Listen.
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Listen carefully.
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Anytime you hear a word that you don't recognize, write it down.
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If you don't know the spelling, no problem.
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Write it phonetically.
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Write the word just like it sounds.
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Then, if you have access to a transcript, means all the words that were spoken, written down, check the transcript and find your word.
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If you can't, if you don't have a transcript, go to a dictionary.
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Now, some of you have asked me to recommend a dictionary.
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Very simple.
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And they're online, you can get the paper one or the online one.
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Merriam -Webster's m -w .com American English.
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Oxforddictionaries .com British English.
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Okay?
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Now, I know I've seen a lot of students use, like, their electronic dictionaries.
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They go from, like, English to Korean, English to Japanese, English to Spanish.
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Don't do that anymore.
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Okay?
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English to English.
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This way, you're learning more words as you're learning one word.
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I don't know this word.
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I look at the definition.
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In the definition, I might be...
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I might be learning other words, okay?
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You will maximize how many words you learn by using an English -to -English dictionary.
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Now, again, about those electronic dictionaries.
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Sometimes, like, especially when people are trying to write, they will write a sentence in their native language and then press
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Translate on this dictionary and get a sentence in English.
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Now, I've seen sentences that I knew came from the.. from the electronic dictionary because they made no sense.
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Okay?
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They were terrible, terrible sentences.
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Don't do that.
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Okay?
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The people who made these dictionaries might not know English very well.
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Keep that in mind.
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Okay?
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So these are some ideas.
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Now I'm going to tell you what I think are the best ideas to increase your vocabulary.
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Okay, so now we're going to look at a couple other ways you can increase your vocabulary.
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These are very effective, but they take a lot of patience, a lot of perseverance.
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You have to try hard, you have to keep doing it, because vocabulary, not so easy, right?
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Okay, so first we're going to start with cards.
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You get yourself a stack of cards, maybe this big, not too big because you want to carry them in your pocket,
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take them with you everywhere you go, okay?
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On one side of the cards, you're going to write words, four, maybe five words that are new words for you.
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You're going to write sentences on the back, on the other side of the card.
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You're going to use these words in sentences, so you have the clear meaning.
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Or you can write the meaning of the word, dictionary meaning.
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Both okay.
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Now, you're going to split your cards into three piles.
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Okay?
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You're going to have the pile of cards of words that you know, words you're very comfortable with.
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Eventually, you will have a pile like this.
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Words that you're very comfortable with, you know them very well, you don't need to look at these cards very often.
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Okay?
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Now, before I continue, where do you get these words?
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You get from a TOEFL site or an IELTS site or an SAT site or an SAT book, for example.
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They have lists of words that you need to learn.
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Put all these words on cards, split them up like this.
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You know these words very well, don't need to look at.
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These words you're almost sure, or at least you recognize these words, you've seen them before, you've heard them before,
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you can guess what they mean maybe in context, so you're not sure, put them in this pile.
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This pile you will look at all the time.
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And And then in the last pile, you put words that you really don't know.
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Okay?
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This is the pile you will look at the most.
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You will study these words.
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As they become more familiar, you move them to this pile.
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This pile you study also very regularly.
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You take the...
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This pile is the one you put in your pocket and take with you when you go outside.
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On the bus, look at your words.
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Long line at the bank, pull out your cards.
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Look at the words, okay?
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When this word becomes very comfortable for you when you know what this word means
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Move it over to this pile leave it at home, okay?
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Don't know almost sure no study move study move put aside
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Once in a while look at them
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Just make sure you remember because if you never look at these again, you will forget them
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Okay, so it's all the time continual you have to practice practice practice practice practice.
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Vocabulary is a lot of memorization.
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That's the way it is.
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Now, here's another thing you can do, okay?
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This is the last one I'll show you today.
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What you do is you make yourself groups of words, okay?
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You take.. you can do it many ways.
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You can make yourself a little.. like a little brainstorm.
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You, for example, if we're looking at roots, you You write the root in here, eject, and then you write reject,
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inject, eject, subject, etc. Or in the list however way works for you.
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So three ways that I will recommend to group words.
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Again, if you like the roots, group them like that.
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Eject, reject, object, subject, inject.
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Now, the reason you're going to make groups is because maybe you don't remember object or object,
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remember noun or verb, but you remember ject, you remember this group.
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You sort of remember what JECT means, so you can apply it to object.
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JECT is like push in most contexts, object is push away, refuse.
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Okay?
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So if you don't remember the word, hopefully you will remember the idea of the group, and then that will remind you what the word means.
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Okay?
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Another group you can use is similar meanings, so synonyms, words that have similar meanings, or a similar function.
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Okay?
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So So for example, I'm going to look at this function, increase, extend, expand, accelerate, intensify, reinforce.
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All of these have some sort, in their meaning, have some sort of connection to increase.
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Extend, make longer, increase length, or time, duration.
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Expand, increase size or scope,
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accelerate, increase speed, intensify, increase intensity, Reinforce, increase strength.
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So maybe you see the word reinforce, you're reading something, you see the word reinforce
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You're not exactly sure what it means, but you remember the group it was in.
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The group was the increase group
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So reinforce means increase plus the context of the sentence you saw it in Will help you understand it means increase strength
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Or sometimes it could be increased number like number of soldiers reinforce the position
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The last group is theme.
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For example, let's say for today the theme is technology.
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Okay?
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So you write words that have to do with technology.
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Obsolete, state -of -the -art, update, downgrade, cutting -edge.
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All these words we can talk about like computer softwares or computers.
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Obsolete, old, not useful anymore.
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Nobody uses this anymore.
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Windows XP.
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Maybe not completely obsolete, but almost obsolete hardly anybody uses it anymore
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State of the art means the newest
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Cutting edge the newest the most modern the most advanced you can get
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Update to make newer Downgrade to make less for example.
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I have Windows 8.
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I don't like it I want to downgrade to Windows 7, but can't do it
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Windows 8 won't let me
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But anyway, so you have a theme, you have a function, you have the root.
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Learn in chunks.
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If you don't remember one word, you'll remember the group.
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It'll help you understand the word you're looking at, okay?
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Go to www .engvid .com.
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I'll give you a quiz, give you some more practice with these ideas.
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And subscribe to my YouTube channel.
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And come again, we'll do this again.
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Thanks.
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Thank you.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “How to increase your vocabulary” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: word, write, increase, English, beautiful วิดีโอนี้มี 87 ประโยค และ 2058 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 13:08 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 157 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน 87% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงตามได้ง่าย จากทั้งหมด 87 ประโยค มี 27 ประโยคเป็นคำถาม จึงเหมาะสำหรับฝึกน้ำเสียงประโยคคำถามและการตอบสั้น ๆ
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| dictionary คำนาม | /ˈdɪk.ʃəˌnɛ.ɹi/ | พจนานุกรม, ดิกชันนารี |
| vocabulary คำนาม | /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/ | คำศัพท์, วงศัพท์ |
| notebook คำนาม | /ˈnoʊtˌbʊk/ | สมุด |
| pocket คำนาม | /ˈpɑ.kɪt/ | กระเป๋า |
| lesson คำนาม | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | บทเรียน |
| expand คำกริยา | /ɪkˈspænd/ | ขยาย |
| patience คำนาม | /ˈpeɪ̯.ʃəns/ | ความอดทน |
| verb คำนาม | /vɝb/ | คำกริยา, กริยา |
| accelerate คำกริยา | /ɪkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪt/ | เร่ง |
| noun คำนาม | /naʊn/ | นาม, คำนาม |
| topic คำนาม | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | หัวข้อ, กระทู้ |
| cloud คำนาม | /ˈklaʊ̯d/ | เมฆ |
| refuse คำกริยา | /ɹɪˈfjuːz/ | ปฏิเสธ |
| remind คำกริยา | /ɹəˈmaɪnd/ | เตือน |
| theater คำนาม | /ˈθi(ə)tɚ/ | โรงละคร |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- What should you read?
- Use the words you're learning, right?
- Make sure you're using something.
- Isn't there a verb form of "beautiful"?
- If you don't know the spelling, no problem.
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| ประโยคเงื่อนไข if + อนุประโยค, will/would + กริยา — เงื่อนไขและผลลัพธ์ | If you don't remember one word, you'll remember |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | is meant · is read · is based |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | have done · have asked · I've seen |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | person who works · people who are · people who made |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 59 ครั้ง เช่น don't, you're, I'm ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: dictionary /ˈdɪk.ʃəˌnɛ.ɹi/, patience /ˈpeɪ̯.ʃəns/, shade /ʃeɪd/, sunshine /ˈsʌnʃaɪn/, duration /dʒʊˈɹeɪ.ʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: dictionary /ˈdɪk.ʃəˌnɛ.ɹi/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, accelerate /ɪkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪt/, intensity /ɪnˈtɛnsɪti/, recommendation /ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: pile /paɪl/, reinforce /ˌɹiː.ɪnˈfɔːs/, patience /ˈpeɪ̯.ʃəns/, practical /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/, refuse /ɹɪˈfjuːz/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, verb /vɝb/, adjective /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɪk.tɪv/, perseverance /ˌpɝsəˈvɪɹəns/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: refuse /ɹɪˈfjuːz/, anyways /ˈɛn.iˌweɪz/, translate /tɹænzˈleɪt/, quiz /kwɪz/, maximize /ˈmæksəmaɪz/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง dictionary, vocabulary, notebook เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ