ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Merge sort in 3 minutes

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today we're going to learn mergesort a few  quick points then we'll get to the example mergesort is usually done recursively  when you think of merge sort as with
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other recursive algorithms I want you to  think of divide and conquer we're going to break our problem into smaller problems  in order to solve it let's get started we
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have the following array and we want it sorted  we're going to continuously split the array in half our divide step until we are left  with the individual items watch and see
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you our arrays now broken down into individual  items one note before we start sorting when
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you implement this in code these steps we done  in a different order because of recursion but I think this human-friendly order provides more  clarity and learning let's continue we're ready
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to sort will examine the individual items compare  their values and merge them into temporary arrays
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you the temporary rays are sorted but there's work  left to do let's jump up the recursion stack
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and continue we merge our smaller arrays into a  larger one inserting items in the correct order
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you one more merge and we'll have our sorted array
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you and that's it our array is now  sorted here's the pseudocode
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for merge sort on the left you have  the recursive part which halves the arrays on the right is the merge  function which combines the arrays
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mergesort has a worst case time complexity of Big  O of n times log in the easiest way to think about it is to start with the merge step looking at the  while loop we see we have to visit n items the log
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n comes from the maximum height of a binary tree  we create which is on the order of log N thank you for watching please comment suggestions for future  videos below as well as any questions you may have

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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson

This speaking lesson is built on the video “Merge sort in 3 minutes”. The speaker keeps coming back to these words: array, merge, items, sorted, mergesort. This video has 13 sentences and 321 words to shadow. The speech runs for 3:01. The speaker talks slowly, about 106 words per minute, so there is time to copy every sound. Only 79% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English, so the vocabulary is demanding.

Key vocabulary in this video

15 words from the video worth learning, with pronunciation and meaning:

WordPronunciationMeaning
array noun/əˈɹeɪ/Clothing and ornamentation; raiment.
merge verb/mɝd͡ʒ/To combine into a whole.
temporary adjective/ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/Not permanent; existing only for a period or periods of time.
divide verb/dɪˈvaɪd/To split or separate (something) into two or more parts.
compare verb/kəmˈpɛɚ/To assess the similarities and differences between two or more things [“to compare X with Y”]. Having made the comparison of X with Y, one might have found it…
solve verb/sɒlv/To find an answer or solution to a problem or question; to work out.
loop noun/luːp/A length of thread, line or rope that is doubled over to make an opening.
suggestion noun/səˈd͡ʒɛst.ʃən/Something suggested (with subsequent adposition being for)
implement verb/ˈɪmpləmənt/To bring about; to put into practice; to carry out.
examine verb/ɪɡˈzæmɪn/To observe carefully or critically to learn about someone or something.
combine verb/kəmˈbaɪn/To bring (two or more things or activities) together; to unite.
stack noun/stæk/A large pile of hay, grain, straw, or the like, larger at the bottom than the top, sometimes covered with thatch.
algorithm noun/ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/A collection of ordered steps that solve a mathematical problem. A precise step-by-step plan for a computational procedure that possibly begins with an input…
complexity noun/kəmˈplɛk.sɪ.ti/The state of being complex; intricacy; entanglement.
insert verb/ɪnˈsɝt/To put in between or into.

Phrasal verbs you will hear

WordMeaning
jump up verbTo move from one position to a higher position by one jump.

ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้

โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:

โครงสร้างในวิดีโอ
Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำare left · are sorted · is now sorted
Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของcreate which is

Pronunciation to watch

The speaker uses 6 contractions and reduced forms, such as we're, we'll. Say them the short way, as you hear them.

  • The “sh” and “zh” sounds: suggestion /səˈd͡ʒɛst.ʃən/, recursion /ɹɪˈkɜː(ɹ)ʒən/
  • Long words — get the stress right: temporary /ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/, complexity /kəmˈplɛk.sɪ.ti/, continuously /kənˈtɪnjuəsli/

How to practise with this video

  1. Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
  2. Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
  3. Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like array, merge, temporary.

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Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ

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