ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: SpaceX Is Ready to Send Starship Into Orbit | This Week in Spaceflight
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SpaceX is finally ready to send Starship to orbit, pending regulatory approval, New Glenn first and second stages are on the move as Blue prepares for its return to flight,
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the launch market adjusts to Falcon 9's eventual retirement, and what do you mean the U .S has deployed weapons in space?
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All that and more, coming up this week in Spaceflight.
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After 13 flights, SpaceX is finally ready to send Starship into orbit on the rocket's 14th flight.
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This week, SpaceX announced it on X and published information about the mission on its website, but it included the caveat that it's all still pending regulatory approval.
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Because this is the first time Starship goes into orbit, SpaceX needs additional approval for it.
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The company has proven in previous flights everything needed for this flight, as well as how to ensure that the ship doesn't get stuck in orbit.
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But now, they not only have to convince themselves of those things, but also the relevant government agencies that approve these missions.
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So while all of that paperwork is being worked out, the launch has been delayed.
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Originally, SpaceX was targeting no earlier than September 22nd for the launch, but now it's been moved to the 28th.
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To understand what's to come on Starship's 14th flight, we have to take a look back at Flight 13, as there are improvements on this flight relative to that one.
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On Flight 13, SpaceX flew Booster 20 and Ship 40.
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The mission was a major improvement over Flight 12, with no engines going out during ascent for either the booster or the ship.
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Hot staging was also executed much better than on Flight 12.
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The deterministic flip of the booster, which now relies on a staggered start of the ship's engines, finally worked as well.
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Booster 20 also successfully relit the 28 engines that it had shut down ahead of hot staging, and thus had all 33 engines on for boost back burn,
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something that hadn't gone successfully on the previous flight.
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But while it had started correctly, the burn ended prematurely during the low thrust phase.
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SpaceX has explained that the reason for this is that the three center engines on Super Heavy showed signs of ice clogging, which triggered the early end of the boost back burn.
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This is a problem that was seen on flights two and three with boosters nine and 10, and which ultimately led to the demise of each of these vehicles.
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See, Starship uses autogenous pressurization to pressurize and backfill its propellant tanks during flight.
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In order to do this, the oxygen tank pressurization system taps off its pressure gas directly from the oxygen pre -burner exhaust.
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This exhaust is primarily gaseous oxygen, but it also contains some amount of gaseous water and carbon dioxide.
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Once the pressure gas is introduced in the tank, this comes into contact with the cold liquid oxygen and turns into ice.
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The water ice floats in the liquid oxygen, but the carbon dioxide ice will sink and reach the bottom of the tank, right where the engine outlets are located.
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So it's not really easy to design a filtering system
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that can remove the ice from the liquid oxygen tank
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while at the same time keeping it as simple and lightweight as possible.
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Apart from the ice issue towards the end of the boost back burn, Booster 20 also didn't ignite five of its 13 inner engines for the landing burn,
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which prevented it from slowing down enough and made it crash into the gulf.
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In the case of Ship 40, things went much better.
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It successfully completed its ascent burn, deployed 20 Starlink V3 satellites for the first time, and it conducted a raptor in -space relight.
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All three of these milestones demonstrated that Starship Version 3 can finally go into orbit, deploy satellites, and de -orbit itself, and not become a piece of space junk.
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So all three were critical to allow Flight 14 and future orbital missions to happen.
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Ship 40's return in splashdown also seemingly went well.
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We saw what really looked like the cleanest entry of any Starship vehicle to date
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and a landing and splashdown so soft that the ship even survived the subsequent tip over.
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SpaceX recently confirmed in its third Starship documentary episode
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that Flight 13 was the first flight to attempt a ship landing following the catch profile
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that will be used in future missions.
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Not only that, but Ship 40 was also precise enough to have been caught
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with a tower had there been one right there in the ocean at the simulated catch site.
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And despite that, there were still some things that they discovered
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that they would like to refine before actually bringing a ship to Starbase for a catch.
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For example, we could see that some tiles didn't like the increased aerodynamic pressure during ascent for this flight.
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Others were also damaged during hot staging, as seen from the inspector cameras on the deployed Starlink satellites.
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SpaceX also recently said
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that they've discovered areas where plasma can find ways to slip behind the tiles and damage the body of the vehicle.
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This was even shown on that third episode about recovering ship 40 from the water, where teams went right up to the vehicle, removed tiles, and saw the damage produced by plasma.
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But now, with all the learnings from Flight 13, SpaceX is finally giving Starship a chance to reach orbit.
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And hey, we might need some new shirts soon?
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So what exactly is Flight 14 all about?
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Well, for this mission, SpaceX is flying Booster 21 and Ship 41.
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Just like on the past flights, both stages will not be caught and will instead attempt a splashdown.
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To prevent the issues found with Booster 20, SpaceX has added modifications to Booster 21 to improve the ice filtering capabilities
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and has introduced modifications to the engine relight software to enhance reliability.
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Also, like in the past couple of flights, the initial ascent will see the rocket heading southeast from Starbase, passing between Cuba and the Yucatan Peninsula.
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Booster 21 will be aiming to perform a clean ascent, hot staging, boost back, entry, and splashdown out in the Gulf.
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If all goes well, this could enable a booster catch on Flight 15, so let's hope for the best for Booster 21.
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But everyone will be looking at the ship's side of things much closer, since it's meant to go to orbit.
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But to demonstrate orbital flight capability, SpaceX is approaching it very carefully in this flight.
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This is why Starship's mission profile doesn't target orbit from the start.
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Rather, the ship's initial ascent will insert it into a suborbital trajectory similar to the ones that we've been used to.
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This is because if the ship enters orbit directly, and then something happens to it that renders it inoperable, then it would be left stranded in orbit.
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It would eventually re -enter due to atmospheric drag, but this would make it come back over a totally random
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area along the ground path rather than over a more precisely known area.
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Starship is built of high -strength steel that can support high temperatures and, on top of that, carries a heat shield that can help it to survive the heating of re -entry.
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This means that big chunks of the ship could survive re -entry, and if it's over a populated area, it could cause damage on the ground.
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It's because of this that SpaceX has a few checks during the mission in order to ensure that this doesn't happen.
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After the ship's ascent burn is complete, teams will monitor the health of the ship and determine whether it's ready to perform its orbital insertion burn.
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If not, the ship will continue on its path and re -enter over the Indian Ocean, just like on past suborbital missions.
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But if the ship is good to go, then it'll execute its orbital insertion burn and prepare for the deployment of its Starlink payload.
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For this flight, SpaceX will be inserting Starship into a roughly 275 -kilometer orbit and will be deploying 26 Starlink V3 satellites,
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which will make it the heaviest payload ever carried into orbit by the company.
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This also makes it the first dedicated launch of Starlink satellites on board Starship, and thus it has received the official Starlink mission nomenclature of Starlink Group 31 -1,
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at least according to the documentation related to this flight.
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SpaceX says
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that three of these 26 Starlink V3 satellites have been fitted
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with extra cameras in order to scan the ship's heat shield after deployment, similar to what they did on the previous flight.
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Following the roughly 30 -minute -long payload deployment process, Ship 41 will enter a long multi -hour coast phase.
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During this coast phase, SpaceX will be monitoring the ship
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and ensuring that it continues to be in good health for its de -orbit burn and return to Earth.
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SpaceX has two splashdown areas in the Pacific Ocean where they'll be able to bring the ship back after its orbital flight.
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One of them is off the coast of Chile, and it's the primary splashdown area.
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In order for the orbit to line up with that area, Starship needs to do a few laps around the Earth, hence why it's got a really long coast phase.
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But if for some reason something happens to the ship early on after entering orbit
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and SpaceX wants to make it return quickly, there's a contingency splashdown area north of Hawaii that would allow it to return just two orbits after launch.
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After its de -orbit burn, Ship 41 will re -enter Earth's atmosphere about 35 minutes later.
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This will be the first ship entry since SpaceX recovered a ship, so this vehicle has been fitted with the lessons learned from Ship 40. For example,
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SpaceX says that teams have added additional retention mechanisms to tiles in certain areas
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that are at the highest risk to fall off during ascent.
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Some changes introduced to the heat shield will also try to solve the seep of plasma behind the tiles, as discovered on Ship 40.
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There are also multiple areas of the ship flying with tiles that have curved or wavy edges, which were also trialed on Ship 40 and should reduce heating in the gaps between tiles.
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SpaceX is also trying tile reuse on this flight, flying two tiles that previously flew on Ship 40, a first for the program.
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If all goes well on this flight, we will have a nearly 10 -hour -long mission and a lot of cool views of Earth from space.
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And hopefully, this will be the first of many more orbital missions to come for Starship.
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And also, maybe we'll see a ship catch on Flight 15?
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I mean, it'd be pretty awesome.
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With Starship on the verge of reaching orbit, it's becoming increasingly clear that the global launch market is about to change a lot, but it might not be in the way that you are thinking.
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Believe it or not, it seems everybody's moving away from SpaceX, for now at least.
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In recent years, SpaceX broke its own launch records year over year, cramming ever more launches into the schedule.
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But that stopped this year.
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With the Starlink constellation now numbering close to 10 ,000 operational satellites
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and a new generation of satellites designed to fly on Starship, the company has shifted its full focus to the stainless steel behemoth and away from Falcon 9.
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Reportedly, SpaceX has stopped selling spots on its small satellite rideshare missions.
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There are still a few of these rideshare missions scheduled into 2028, and well over 100 other Falcon 9 missions on the manifest, but for those needing a ride to space,
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the rocket seems to be all but sold out.
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Demand hasn't dried up though, and Starship isn't ready to fly non -Starlink missions quite yet.
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As a result, we're now seeing customers turn to other launch providers.
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In fact, just last week, we covered Ariane 6 getting its contract to launch Amazon's LEO satellites extended with six more missions.
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This week we also got a couple of rideshare providers turning to other rockets.
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First there's Germany -based ExoLaunch, who just bought a launch on Japan's H3 rocket.
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ExoLaunch offers a range of satellite deployment systems alongside its own rideshare program that puts these systems to use.
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And it's not like Falcon 9 is their only ride to space.
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They regularly fly on Electron, and they've also used Soyuz, Arian 6, and India's PSLV.
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Most recently, they deployed five payloads on the second flight of Ezar's Spectrum rocket.
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But out of ExoLaunch's 49 missions, 27 flew on Falcon 9 and one on Falcon Heavy, with the Falcon family representing the vast majority of launch satellites flown to orbit,
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704 out of 844.
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Now they're diversifying their offering securing a dedicated launch on H3 set to fly in 2027.
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And H3 isn't a small rocket either.
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Its bearing fits a lot of smallsats.
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But this won't mean the end of ExoLaunch launching on Falcon 9 just yet.
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They're set still to fly on upcoming SpaceX rideshare missions, and they've got two dedicated Falcon 9 missions coming up in 2027 and 2028.
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But the H3 contract definitely shows that the company has started looking elsewhere for its launch capacity, and they aren't the only ones to do so.
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This week, U .S company COPS purchased a handful of launches on EZAR Spectrum.
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COPS operates in a similar space as ExoLaunch with its own payload separation system and also running its own rideshare program,
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regularly flying payloads on SpaceX's transporter missions.
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They too are looking beyond SpaceX with this multi -launch contract.
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As part of COPS's Waymaker rideshare program, the German rocket will fly five dedicated launches between 2028
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and 2030 from Andoya in Norway and Isar's yet -to -be -built Canadian base at spaceport Nova Scotia.
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The deal is a great vote of confidence in Isar, who just flew their first successful orbital mission on their second -ever flight earlier this month.
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And they've been racking up contracts, too, with Astroscale Japan recently signing a launch for the Address J2 space debris removal mission and earlier this summer,
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Planet Labs buying a launch for one of its Pelican Earth observation satellites and options for more satellites on future missions.
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Izar says that Spectrum's schedule for 2028 is now nearly full, which is certainly impressive for a rocket that's just coming online.
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But it also shows that the world's most prolific launcher might be winding down a bit sooner than its customers would like.
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With all these commercial launches, space has unfortunately also become a place to defend.
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While spaceflight started off as a military capability from the very beginning, space has mostly been a hypothetical front line.
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Now for the first time, we have confirmation that the U .S has weapons on standby in space.
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The acknowledgement came from the Department of the Air Force Secretary Troy Menk during a keynote at the 2026 Air
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and Space Cyber Conference.
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In his address, he explained that the U .S has, quote, on -orbit space control weapons capable of defending the joint force against hostile adversary action.
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Now, as you might imagine, we didn't really get any details about the capabilities of these weapons
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or even the kinds of threats that they might be able to counter.
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But there are several technologies that could work as a space weapon.
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First, the U .S.
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Space Force has been working on the Golden Dome, designed to protect the U .S from incoming missiles.
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The system would detect threats and then destroy missiles before they can do damage on the ground.
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A completely different way of weaponizing space might not even require physical contact.
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Satellites and many terrestrial weapons rely on other space assets for communication or navigation.
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Disrupting these signals for a while could be all that's needed to defend a country from some threats.
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Or they might even be able to take out a satellite permanently.
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We've seen classified satellites move close to spacecraft from other countries before.
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This could be just a spy on each other's capabilities, but who knows what other classified methods they have to take out a satellite.
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Well, there is one way that we've seen before.
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The U .S., Russia, India, and China have all tested anti -satellite weapons, destructively taking out a satellite.
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Most recently, a Russian test actually endangered the ISS in 2021.
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The test destroyed the Cosmos 1408 satellite, creating a debris field in the station's path, requiring the crew to take shelter in their capsules.
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Taking out a satellite really isn't that hard.
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You just need to slam another object into it.
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At orbital velocity, even a small object can be very destructive, creating more debris that can potentially collide with other satellites in a runaway effect known as the Kessler syndrome.
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But unless you want to hamper your own access to space, too, that might not be the best way to take out a satellite.
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Considering how much we rely on satellites in our daily lives, making space inaccessible by creating debris could be a serious threat.
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And we might not even need space weapons to suffer the consequences.
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Space debris is a serious problem on its own and is being studied by space agencies around the world.
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Just this week, the European Space Agency issued its latest space environment report studying how much of a mess we're making.
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The number of objects in orbit around our planet has increased dramatically over the last few years, and just last year alone, we added 4 ,000 new satellites to the equation.
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ESA concluded that the risk of collisions grows as not enough satellites leave their orbits at the end of their mission.
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If we continue this way, the latest numbers predict a runaway effect with the number of objects in collisions in space growing rapidly.
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Of course, these are based on current trends, and companies and agencies around the world are also working on reducing debris,
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either by deorbiting satellites sooner at the end of their lives or developing technology to actively clean up space.
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We might not have to worry yet, but if nothing else, the report shows the value of protecting our space environment.
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We just hope those weapons won't ever be needed to do that.
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Now let's move on to some lighter topics as we dive into some other stories across space, starting with NASA's big rocket.
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The agency is assembling the SLS for Artemis III, the next mission in the program to return to the moon.
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Although this mission will stay closer to home by remaining in low Earth orbit, it will perform a series of tests to ensure that all parts of the mission are ready for the main event,
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including both human landing system vehicles, SpaceX's Starship and Blue Origin's Blue Moon Mark II lander.
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The SLS
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that will bring the four astronauts to space where they can
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perform these tests is now taking shape in the Vehicle Assembly Building at Kennedy Space Center.
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Most recently, the agency added the forward segment to the right solid rocket booster and they'll probably go to the left side soon, which is just one segment behind.
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Once that's done, both boosters will have all their five propellant segments stacked.
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Then NASA can move on to install a smaller segment with avionics and the nose cones, completing the boosters.
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And while we're on the topic of Artemis, NASA also released new footage from the Artemis 2 mission.
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And I made footage in the literal sense, referring to lengths of film.
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Good old 35mm and 16mm film in this case.
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Yes, NASA's still using old -fashioned film cameras to capture its latest launches.
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Why not move on to digital?
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Well, film has a few advantages.
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First, the technology is incredibly reliable, which is a good thing if you want it to work right next to one of the world's most powerful rockets.
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Plus, film also has a high dynamic range, meaning it can capture very bright scenes while still maintaining detail in dark areas.
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Very useful when capturing rocket exhaust.
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Now digital sensors might be catching up on that front, but for now, NASA seems happy with the old stuff.
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And to be honest, so are we.
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There's just something about it that makes it look even more special.
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From old cameras, we move on to NASA's latest and greatest, the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope.
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We all watched the telescope make its way to space atop a Falcon Heavy in the final days of August, and it's now on its way to its destination at the Sun -Earth Lagrange Point 2,
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or L2, about 1 .5 million kilometers from Earth.
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While it's on its way, teams are working to commission the telescope, letting it acclimatize to the space environment before turning on the instruments.
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This week, roaming captured its first light, sending its very first infrared picture back home.
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Don't expect anything fancy, though, as all we got was a blurry picture of some stars.
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But that's expected.
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The detector was still stowed in its launch position, and teams still have to tune the telescope's focus, which they'll work on in the coming months.
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So it'll be a while before we get some crisp images.
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Meanwhile, scientists have also checked out the coronagraph, an instrument that will selectively block out starlight, allowing the telescope to directly image planets around other stars.
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That's pretty much impossible without a coronagraph, as the star is so much brighter than any planet around it, but blocking out the star makes it possible to capture these faint objects
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so far everything's going on track
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and we can expect roman's first science images early next year
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then the telescope will start its five -year mission to observe the universe
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and good news it now looks like roman will last much
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longer the spacecraft was designed to have enough fuel for a five -year mission plus a five -year extension
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so 10 years total but if it could save some fuel it might last longer
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and it did the The first mid -course correction burn to
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get Roman on the right trajectory towards L2 required 10 % less fuel, adding over four years to the expected lifespan.
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Because this was so successful, the next burn is also expected to save fuel, adding four more years.
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But wait, there's more!
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At launch, Roman was lighter than anticipated, and that's also a part of why it needed to burn less fuel for its correction burns.
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But it also meant that teams could top up the tanks a bit more than expected, adding another four years.
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So in total, Roman has enough fuel for at least 22 years of science operations.
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So hopefully it'll help us to learn more about the universe for decades to come.
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New Glenn is on the move ahead of its return to flight.
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Blue Origin is still recovering from the failure
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that left its facilities at Launch Complex 36 a bit worse for wear in late May.
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They've been aiming to get ready for launch again before the end of the year, which is a goal that sounded highly ambitious, and honestly it still does, but they've certainly not been sitting still,
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and they're getting closer every day.
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With both rocket stages on the move, it seems the company might have taken some big steps this week.
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First, we saw Never Tell Me the Odds leave the factory.
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Now if you remember, this was the booster that successfully flew to space and back on New Glenn's second and third flights.
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It was inside LC -36's horizontal integration facility when its colleague rapidly disassembled itself on the nearby launch pad.
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While we were worried that it might have left the experienced booster worse for wear, Blue moved it back to the production site for refurbishment.
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And this week, it was ready to head back to LC -36, where the hangar apparently was sufficiently repaired to host it.
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Now, we don't know what's coming up for Never Tell Me the Odds, but the move is a good sign for its return to flight.
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Meanwhile, NASA's Pegasus barge arrived at the Stennis Space Center in Mississippi, carrying a New Glenn upper stage.
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What's it doing there?
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Well, Blue recently acquired a lease on the B -2 test stand that NASA used to test Saturn V rocket stages, space shuttle components, and most recently, the SLS core stage.
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Blue modified the stand to test Glenn Stage 2, and as they were wrapping up the work, its first subject arrived aboard Pegasus.
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CEO Dave Limp said it's the next flight upper stage, so it'll likely fly that first mission from the refurbished pad.
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Now let's hope the launch pad itself is coming along just as well as the rocket, and we might just see Blue pull off the impossible before the end of the year.
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As Blue was moving its rocket stages around, some other rockets actually made it to space this week.
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So let's have a look at what went up in your space traffic report provided by NextSpaceflight.
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It was a rather active week, with eight launches worldwide.
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SpaceX's Falcon 9 launched two missions, and it's hard to believe they weren't Starlink.
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One of them was carrying a trio of O3B -MPOWER satellites for SES,
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which also happened to be the last ones needed to complete the company's O3B -MPOWER constellation.
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That mission also became the 700th successful flight for the Falcon family of rockets.
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This number includes two successful Falcon 1 flights, all 13 Falcon Heavy missions, and 685 successful Falcon 9 launches.
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The other Falcon 9 mission of the week, and thus adding another successful flight to the list was the USSF -259 mission for the U .S.
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Space Force.
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While this mission was classified, it's believed that this might be part of an exclusive multi -billion contract between the Space Force
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and SpaceX awarded back in May.
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Under this contract, the company is set to deliver two types of satellites, ones fitted with sensors capable of detecting and tracking airborne threats,
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and ones that act as communication relays for the tracking satellites.
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This would have been the third of such missions under this contract, which is supposed to fly a total of 18 missions by the end of 2027.
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From French Guiana, Europe launched a Vega C carrying the Sentinel -3C and FLEX satellites for the European Space Agency.
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Both of these satellites are Earth observation satellites, with Sentinel -3C being part of the Copernicus program and fitted with several instruments that will allow it to monitor Earth's climate.
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FLEX will be complementary to it, with its only mission being to observe the natural fluorescence of plants as they carry out photosynthesis,
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allowing scientists to map the world's vegetation and monitor its health over time.
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China launched the most this week with four launches, two of them carrying batches of Qianfan satellites, one batch on Landspace's Zhuxia -2E rocket,
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and another batch on Orionspace's Gravity -1 rocket.
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The other large internet satellite constellation from China, Guo -Wang, was also expanded with the launch of a Changjiang -12 from Wenchang, sending nine more of them into orbit.
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Additionally, a Kwajau -11 rocket launched two Earth -observation radar satellites into low -Earth orbit for space -t.
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This week, Roscosmos also launched the Progress MS -35 cargo spacecraft to the International Space Station.
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This launch was supposed to have occurred last week, but a problem on the third stage postponed it to this week.
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The launch was also carried out on the more capable Soyuz
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2 .1B rocket instead of the 2 .1A that's typically been used for the last few years.
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While it's not the first time a Progress spacecraft launched on a 2 .1B,
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it marks a milestone, as Roscosmos transitions both Progress and Soyuz spacecraft launches to this more capable Soyuz rocket.
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Progress MS -35 should take three days to reach the station, and it's expected to dock to the Poisk module this Saturday at 1346 UTC.
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And right at the end of the week, we had a sneaky launch of another Soyuz rocket from Plisetsk, likely carrying a GLONASS navigation satellite.
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Going into next week, we expect it to be a slightly less active week, but with an interesting variety of launches.
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Rocket Lab should be launching this weekend, the Owl by the Dozen mission, Force Inspective.
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SpaceX also has at least one Starlink launch from Vandenberg planned for next week.
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And from China, we expect two launches, one by a Chongqing 2D and another by a Connecticut One rocket.
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We were hoping next week would also feature Starship's 14th flight, but it's now slipped until September 28th, so we're gonna have to wait just a little bit longer.
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As usual, we recommend that you go to nextspaceflight .com
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or download the next spaceflight app on your phone to keep track of upcoming launches.
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And that's your weekly update of spaceflight news!
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I'm Alicia Siegel for NSF, and we'll see you all again next week to recap This Week in Spaceflight.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
วิดีโอนี้มี 277 ประโยค และ 4796 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 25:53 ผู้พูดพูดเร็ว ประมาณ 185 คำต่อนาที จึงมีการเชื่อมเสียงและลดเสียงค่อนข้างมาก มีเพียง 78% ของคำที่อยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงค่อนข้างยาก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| satellite คำนาม | /ˈsætəlaɪ̯t/ | บริวาร |
| rocket คำนาม | /ˈɹɑk.ɪt/ | จรวด |
| orbit คำนาม | /ˈɔɹ.bɪt/ | วงโคจร |
| tile คำนาม | /ˈtaɪ.əl/ | กระเบื้อง |
| oxygen คำนาม | /ˈɑksɪd͡ʒən/ | ออกซิเจน |
| spacecraft คำนาม | /ˈspeɪsˌkɹæft/ | ยานอวกาศ |
| telescope คำนาม | /ˈtɛl.əˌskoʊp/ | กล้องโทรทรรศน์, กล้องดูดาว |
| capture คำกริยา | /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/ | ยึด |
| boost คำกริยา | /buːst/ | เพิ่ม, ส่งเสริม |
| monitor คำนาม | /ˈmɑ.nɪ.tɚ/ | จอภาพ, หน้าจอ |
| defend คำกริยา | /dɪˈfɪnd/ | ป้องกัน |
| liquid คำนาม | /ˈlɪk.wɪd/ | ของเหลว |
| shield คำนาม | /ˈʃild/ | โล่, เขน |
| instrument คำนาม | /ˈɪnstɹəmənt/ | เครื่องมือวัด |
| observation คำนาม | /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/ | การสังเกต |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| carry out คำกริยา | /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ | กระทำ |
| fall off คำกริยา | หล่น, หลุด | |
| go out คำกริยา | ออก, ออกไป |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 45 ครั้ง เช่น they've, it'll, we're ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, shield /ˈʃild/, observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/, navigation /nævɪˈɡeɪʃən/, correction /kəˈɹɛkʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: capability /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/, successfully /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/, regulatory /ˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə.t(ɔː.)ɹi/, navigation /nævɪˈɡeɪʃən/, modification /ˌmɑdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง satellite, rocket, orbit เป็นพิเศษ
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — การกระทำที่เริ่มก่อนหน้านี้และยังดำเนินอยู่ | they've been racking · has been working · They've been aiming |
| ประโยคเงื่อนไข if + อนุประโยค, will/would + กริยา — เงื่อนไขและผลลัพธ์ | If not, the ship will continue |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | has deployed · has proven · has been delayed |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | being worked · been moved · was also executed |
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ