ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Why Earth Is A Prison and How To Escape It

กำลังสร้างบทเรียน...
1
We are prisoners on Earth. The Universe taunts us, by showing all the places we can't ever visit.
2
However, if our species wants to have a long term future, we have to escape our prison.
3
But what is keeping us here in the first place?
4
Turns out, we owe the universe a debt that is 4.5 billion years old.
5
Everything with mass in the universe attracts every other thing with mass.
6
We call this phenomenon 'gravity'.
7
The closer you are to a big chunk of mass, the stronger the attraction or the more you're pulled in.
8
This effect traps us on earth.
9
We can imagine this as being prisoners in a gravity prison, or a gravity well.
10
It's not a literal well, but a handy concept to understand how this works.
11
Being in a gravity prison means that you owe gravity energy.
12
But how can you owe energy?
13
Because in our universe, things don't want to change their speed or direction.
14
To convince them to move, you have to expend energy.
15
Billions of years ago, the gravitational attraction of trillions of trillions of dust particles orbiting our sun caught them together until they formed a planet.
16
This process used energy and created the gravity well we're now a part of.
17
The deeper you are inside the gravity well, the more energy you owe gravity.
18
If you don't find a way to get enough energy, then you aren't able to leave no matter what you do.
19
Because your atoms were once part of the dust that the universe expended energy on to get to this place.
20
Ok. Hmm...Let's summarise all of that again.
21
Objects in the universe don't like to move. You have to convince them to do so with energy.
22
Gravity used energy to convince the parts of our planet to move together.
23
This created a gravity prison in the process, trapping us .
24
To escape, it we need to repay it with energy.
25
Ok. How do we do that?
26
To get into space, we need to go through a complicated process of exchanging energy.
27
For this purpose, we build a negative potential energy repaying machine.
28
Known By their more boring name 'rockets' Rockets work by using some of the most energetic chemical reactions humans know about to basically explode fuel in a controlled way.
29
This converts chemical energy into kinetic energy.
30
The exhaust of the reaction is directed outwards, and pushes the rocket away from Earth.
31
By expanding a lot of energy, we are increasing our gravitational potential energy.
32
Which is a complicated way to say that we are paying back our energy debt to gravity.
33
But it's actually a lot trickier than that.
34
When you burn fuel to get into orbit, you lose lots of energy to heat, exhaust and atmospheric drag ,so you actually need much more.
35
And you can't just pile a huge amount of radioactive, really explosive, dangerous fuel close to your payload and detonate it.
36
You need a controlled burn which is complicated and makes your rocket very heavy ...which means it has more mass.
37
The more mass something has, the more energy you need to convince it to move, so you need more fuel to lift up your rocket.
38
But,if you need more fuel, that means you need more rocket to carry that fuel!
39
But, this makes your rocket heavier thus requiring more fuel which requires more rocket to carry that new fuel and so on.
40
At the end of this madness, you need closer to a 100x the weight of your payload to launch Ariane 6, for example will weigh 800 tons and should be able to transport 10 tons into geostationary transfer orbit or, 20 tons into medium earth orbit.
41
But a rocket can only produce so much thrust, so there is a maximum weight, after which it just won't take off.
42
If you add too much weight, it won't lift off. So, you can't just build bigger and bigger fuel tanks This is the tyranny of the rocket equation and it means space flight will never become easy.
43
But wait, it gets worse.
44
Getting to space is still not good enough- you're still inside the gravity prison at the edge of space and will crash back to Earth.
45
Staying in space is much harder than getting there.
46
To get to a stable position, where it can stay for a while, a rocket has to reach low Earth orbit.
47
To do this, you need a lot of kinetic energy which means going extremely fast at an altitude of about 100 km, this is 8 km/s 28,000 km/h is fast enough to travel around Earth in 90 minutes.
48
Here, we can use a trick.
49
Instead of flying straight up, we can go sideways!
50
Earth is a sphere.
51
So, if you're going sideways, fast enough the ground will curve away beneath you.
52
So, as long as you're above the atmosphere you'll be able to stay up there in orbit.
53
This is what the ISS does to stay fast enough.
54
If we look at orbits in scale, we see that near Earth orbit is laughably close to Earth.
55
To deploy, for eg Satellites, on leave for other planets, requires another round of energy debt repayment.
56
Getting to orbit is the most difficult part of space flight for us right now.
57
For example: If we want to send a rocket to Mars, half the energy is necessary just to get into orbit and the other half for the 55 million km to Mars.
58
Therefore, to be as effective as possible, rockets aren't built in one giant piece.
59
Instead, we use multistage rockets. We don't need to carry an empty fuel tank, so rockets drop it.
60
Rockets today, shed their boosters and main stage as they ascend with each successive stage being it's own fully contained rocket, complete with its own engine and fuel.
61
Ok. So this is why getting to space is hard.
62
If you feel all of this seems really complicated, don't worry. It's literally rocket science!
63
This video was made possible in part by a sponsorship by Airbus Safran Launchers and Arianespace.
64
Who are getting their new Ariane 6 rocket ready to launch into space in 2020.
65
You can learn more about the rocket here.
66
And as always, if you like what we do please consider supporting us on Patreon.com.
67
It really helps us out a lot!
68
If you're craving more space stuff now: here's a playlist for you.
📺 ช่องเดียวกัน
Can Earth Run Out of Water?C1
110

Can Earth Run Out of Water?

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
What If You Never Slept?C1
536

What If You Never Slept?

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Your Skeleton Is ElectricC1
1

Your Skeleton Is Electric

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
What the Flu Does to Your BodyC1
64

What the Flu Does to Your Body

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Would You Upload Your Mind?B2
2

Would You Upload Your Mind?

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Your Brain on Magic MushroomsC1
1

Your Brain on Magic Mushrooms

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Could Humans Evolve Flight?C1
72

Could Humans Evolve Flight?

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Terrible! 2/3C1
7

3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Terrible! 2/3

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
We Finally Know More About Humanity’s First CivilizationB2
1

We Finally Know More About Humanity’s First Civilization

Cambridge Exam PrepUniversity Students
What Is Life? Is Death Real?C1
3

What Is Life? Is Death Real?

University StudentsWorking Adults
How Antidepressants WorkC1
148

How Antidepressants Work

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Is War Over? — A Paradox ExplainedC1
2

Is War Over? — A Paradox Explained

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
How Stress Changes Your BrainC1
757

How Stress Changes Your Brain

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
How ADHD Medication WorksC1
5

How ADHD Medication Works

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
The Most Complex Language in the WorldC1
1

The Most Complex Language in the World

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Your Brain Peaked at BirthC1
4

Your Brain Peaked at Birth

University StudentsWorking Adults
We Won’t Explore the Galaxy...C1
70

We Won’t Explore the Galaxy...

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Let’s Steal a New MoonB2
5

Let’s Steal a New Moon

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
What Happens AFTER Nuclear War?C1
3

What Happens AFTER Nuclear War?

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Awesome! 3/3C1
1

3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Awesome! 3/3

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
✨ วิดีโอแนะนำ
You Live Inside a Cosmic Hole... And there's a problemC1
2
143 ประโยค

You Live Inside a Cosmic Hole... And there's a problem

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
What science can’t answer, according to physicist Jim Al-Khalili | Big ThinkC1
50
66 ประโยค

What science can’t answer, according to physicist Jim Al-Khalili | Big Think

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
There's a Giant Hole In Earth's HistoryC1
1
114 ประโยค

There's a Giant Hole In Earth's History

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Unit 6: Living on MarsB2
18
41 ประโยค

Unit 6: Living on Mars

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
The Speed of Light Isn't a Limit. It's a ConverterC1
2
249 ประโยค

The Speed of Light Isn't a Limit. It's a Converter

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
The Goofiest Space Experiment In HistoryB2
1
61 ประโยค

The Goofiest Space Experiment In History

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
We Know More About Time Than You ThinkC1
9
197 ประโยค

We Know More About Time Than You Think

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
VideoC1
3
55 ประโยค

Video

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
UNANSWERED QUESTIONS | Advanced English Listening Podcasts | B2-C1 EnglishC1
1
132 ประโยค

UNANSWERED QUESTIONS | Advanced English Listening Podcasts | B2-C1 English

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
We Found Galaxies Too Old for the UniverseC1
2
47 ประโยค

We Found Galaxies Too Old for the Universe

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students

คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้

วิดีโอนี้มี 68 ประโยค และ 1068 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 6:53 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 155 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน 82% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก

คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้

คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:

คำศัพท์คำอ่านความหมาย
rocket คำนาม/ˈɹɑk.ɪt/จรวด
orbit คำนาม/ˈɔɹ.bɪt/วงโคจร
complicated คำคุณศัพท์/ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ซับซ้อน
ton คำนาม/tʌn/ตัน, โตน
dust คำนาม/dʌst/ฝุ่น, ผง
trap คำนาม/tɹæp/กับ, กับดัก
prisoner คำนาม/ˈpɹɪzənə/นักโทษ, เชลย
atmosphere คำนาม/ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/บรรยากาศ
dragon คำนาม/ˈdɹæɡən/มังกร, นาค
expand คำกริยา/ɪkˈspænd/ขยาย
attract คำกริยา/əˈtɹækt/ดึงดูด
phenomenon คำนาม/fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/ปรากฏการณ์
equation คำนาม/ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/สมการ
weigh คำกริยา/weɪ/ชั่ง
bore คำกริยา/boɹ/เจาะ, ไช

กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน

คำศัพท์ความหมาย
take off คำกริยาถอด

การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง

ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 19 ครั้ง เช่น don't, you're, can't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน

  • เสียง “th”: beneath /bɪˈniːθ/, thrust /θɹʌst/
  • เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: attraction /əˈtɹækʃn̩/, equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/, gravitational /ˌɡɹævɪˈteɪʃənəl/
  • คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/, atmospheric /ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/, radioactive /ˌɹeɪdioʊˈæktɪv/, energetic /ˌɛn.əɹˈdʒɛt.ɪk/

วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้

  1. ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
  2. เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
  3. อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง rocket, orbit, complicated เป็นพิเศษ

ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้

โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:

โครงสร้างในวิดีโอ
Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำis directed · is complicated · aren't built
Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของburn which is · energy which means

เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?

Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ

เทคนิค shadowing: อ่านคู่มือฉบับเต็มทีละขั้นตอน →