跟讀練習: Why Earth Is A Prison and How To Escape It - 通過影片學習英語口語

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We are prisoners on Earth. The Universe taunts us, by showing all the places we can't ever visit.

However, if our species wants to have a long term future, we have to escape our prison.

But what is keeping us here in the first place?

Turns out, we owe the universe a debt that is 4.5 billion years old.

Everything with mass in the universe attracts every other thing with mass.

We call this phenomenon 'gravity'.

The closer you are to a big chunk of mass, the stronger the attraction or the more you're pulled in.

This effect traps us on earth.

We can imagine this as being prisoners in a gravity prison, or a gravity well.

It's not a literal well, but a handy concept to understand how this works.

Being in a gravity prison means that you owe gravity energy.

But how can you owe energy?

Because in our universe, things don't want to change their speed or direction.

To convince them to move, you have to expend energy.

Billions of years ago, the gravitational attraction of trillions of trillions of dust particles orbiting our sun caught them together until they formed a planet.

This process used energy and created the gravity well we're now a part of.

The deeper you are inside the gravity well, the more energy you owe gravity.

If you don't find a way to get enough energy, then you aren't able to leave no matter what you do.

Because your atoms were once part of the dust that the universe expended energy on to get to this place.

Ok. Hmm...Let's summarise all of that again.

Objects in the universe don't like to move. You have to convince them to do so with energy.

Gravity used energy to convince the parts of our planet to move together.

This created a gravity prison in the process, trapping us .

To escape, it we need to repay it with energy.

Ok. How do we do that?

To get into space, we need to go through a complicated process of exchanging energy.

For this purpose, we build a negative potential energy repaying machine.

Known By their more boring name 'rockets' Rockets work by using some of the most energetic chemical reactions humans know about to basically explode fuel in a controlled way.

This converts chemical energy into kinetic energy.

The exhaust of the reaction is directed outwards, and pushes the rocket away from Earth.

By expanding a lot of energy, we are increasing our gravitational potential energy.

Which is a complicated way to say that we are paying back our energy debt to gravity.

But it's actually a lot trickier than that.

When you burn fuel to get into orbit, you lose lots of energy to heat, exhaust and atmospheric drag ,so you actually need much more.

And you can't just pile a huge amount of radioactive, really explosive, dangerous fuel close to your payload and detonate it.

You need a controlled burn which is complicated and makes your rocket very heavy ...which means it has more mass.

The more mass something has, the more energy you need to convince it to move, so you need more fuel to lift up your rocket.

But,if you need more fuel, that means you need more rocket to carry that fuel!

But, this makes your rocket heavier thus requiring more fuel which requires more rocket to carry that new fuel and so on.

At the end of this madness, you need closer to a 100x the weight of your payload to launch Ariane 6, for example will weigh 800 tons and should be able to transport 10 tons into geostationary transfer orbit or, 20 tons into medium earth orbit.

But a rocket can only produce so much thrust, so there is a maximum weight, after which it just won't take off.

If you add too much weight, it won't lift off. So, you can't just build bigger and bigger fuel tanks This is the tyranny of the rocket equation and it means space flight will never become easy.

But wait, it gets worse.

Getting to space is still not good enough- you're still inside the gravity prison at the edge of space and will crash back to Earth.

Staying in space is much harder than getting there.

To get to a stable position, where it can stay for a while, a rocket has to reach low Earth orbit.

To do this, you need a lot of kinetic energy which means going extremely fast at an altitude of about 100 km, this is 8 km/s 28,000 km/h is fast enough to travel around Earth in 90 minutes.

Here, we can use a trick.

Instead of flying straight up, we can go sideways!

Earth is a sphere.

So, if you're going sideways, fast enough the ground will curve away beneath you.

So, as long as you're above the atmosphere you'll be able to stay up there in orbit.

This is what the ISS does to stay fast enough.

If we look at orbits in scale, we see that near Earth orbit is laughably close to Earth.

To deploy, for eg Satellites, on leave for other planets, requires another round of energy debt repayment.

Getting to orbit is the most difficult part of space flight for us right now.

For example: If we want to send a rocket to Mars, half the energy is necessary just to get into orbit and the other half for the 55 million km to Mars.

Therefore, to be as effective as possible, rockets aren't built in one giant piece.

Instead, we use multistage rockets. We don't need to carry an empty fuel tank, so rockets drop it.

Rockets today, shed their boosters and main stage as they ascend with each successive stage being it's own fully contained rocket, complete with its own engine and fuel.

Ok. So this is why getting to space is hard.

If you feel all of this seems really complicated, don't worry. It's literally rocket science!

This video was made possible in part by a sponsorship by Airbus Safran Launchers and Arianespace.

Who are getting their new Ariane 6 rocket ready to launch into space in 2020.

You can learn more about the rocket here.

And as always, if you like what we do please consider supporting us on Patreon.com.

It really helps us out a lot!

If you're craving more space stuff now: here's a playlist for you.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這段影片共有 68 個句子、1068 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 6:53。說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 155 個詞，接近日常對話。 82% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
rocket 名詞	/ˈɹɑk.ɪt/	火箭發動機 /火箭發動機, 火箭
orbit 名詞	/ˈɔɹ.bɪt/	軌道 /軌道, 軌跡 /軌跡
complicated 形容詞	/ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/	複雜 /複雜
convince 動詞	/kənˈvɪns/	說服 /說服
ton 名詞	/tʌn/	噸 /噸, 公噸 /公噸
dust 名詞	/dʌst/	чынтў, хуэйтў
trap 名詞	/tɹæp/	陷阱, 圈套
prisoner 名詞	/ˈpɹɪzənə/	囚犯
attraction 名詞	/əˈtɹækʃn̩/	吸引力
exhaust 動詞	/ɪɡˈzɔst/	抽完
stable 名詞	/ˈsteɪ.bəl/	馬廄, 馬棚 /馬棚
trick 名詞	/ˈtɹɪk/	詭計 /詭計, 騙術 /騙術
atmosphere 名詞	/ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/	大氣 /大氣, 氣圈 /氣圈
dragon 名詞	/ˈdɹæɡən/	лун, 龍 /龍
expand 動詞	/ɪkˈspænd/	擴充套件 /擴充套件, 擴張 /擴張

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	發音	釋義
go through 動詞		通過 /通過
pay back 動詞	/peɪ bæk/	賠 /賠, 報償 /報償
stay up 動詞		熬夜
take off 動詞		脫 /脫
turn out 動詞		原來 /原來

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 19 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, you're, can't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“th” 音: beneath /bɪˈniːθ/, thrust /θɹʌst/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: attraction /əˈtɹækʃn̩/, equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/, gravitational /ˌɡɹævɪˈteɪʃənəl/
長單詞——注意重音位置: complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/, atmospheric /ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/, radioactive /ˌɹeɪdioʊˈæktɪv/, energetic /ˌɛn.əɹˈdʒɛt.ɪk/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 rocket, orbit, complicated 這類單詞。

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	is directed · aren't built · was made
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	burn which is · energy which means

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Why Earth Is A Prison and How To Escape It - 通過影片學習英語口語

選擇練習模式

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