Shadowing Practice: Part 4 organic farming - Learn English Speaking with Video
Ders oluşturuluyor...
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4. You will hear part of a lecture on organic farming.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now, listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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to grow crops and raise animals.
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Virtually all organic farmers prefer to use renewable resources
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and recycling to give what conventional farmers might consider waste back to the soil of Mother Nature.
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From this, we can see organic farming is a sustainable production system,
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which is one of its advantages.
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Organic farmers use numerous techniques to promote the quality of life of plants and animals within existing ecosystems
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and minimise pollution that occurs with all conventional farming practices.
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Another benefit is that, with the increasing consumer demand for a healthier,
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more nutritionally balanced product, the sales of organically produced food are promoted.
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According to the research, it has become the fastest growing sector of agriculture
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and has shown an annual increase of at least 20% during the last six years.
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What's more, both chemical fertilizers and synthetic pesticides consume non-renewable resources such as oil and coal,
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but the development of organic farming can lower the demand for these fertilizers and pesticides,
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so it is conducive to the conservation of essential energy.
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At the same time, it also can reduce industrial pollution caused by the production of these chemical substances.
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Organic farming differs greatly from the traditional one in a number of ways.
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Let's discuss it from the perspective of agricultural biodiversity, firstly.
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For instance, earthworms are an important indicator of soil fertility.
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Studies have shown that the density
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and species number of earthworms in organically managed soils are three times as high as those in conventional fields.
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Moreover, the biodiversity in organic farming can also be reflected in the number of insects,
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which is twice as many as those in traditional farms.
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This might be highly related to the fact that organic vegetables are grown without any human-made pesticides,
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making these vegetables more likely to be damaged.
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The other main difference between organic and traditional farming lies in crop yields,
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one of the biggest concerns of organic farmers.
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Organic farms, though possibly well adapted for certain local environments,
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produce less food per unit of land.
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For example, organic vegetables like tomatoes and potatoes yielded are 40% less than conventional ones.
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In addition, research has also found the number of weeds produced in winter is about 90% at present,
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which has decreased by 10% than before.
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However, lower crop yields in organic farming are still inevitable at the moment.
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Anyway, organic farming is a new direction for agricultural development.
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These days, a variety of organic products are cultivated not only for humans,
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but also for animals, for example, organic grass.
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It is commonly used in organic farms to feed cows.
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Because of the non-use of synthetic fertilizers or pesticides,
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it can protect cows from diseases brought by large-scale breeding,
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thus ensuring the quality of raw milk.
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but an interesting phenomenon is that its production has remained constant these years,
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which is quite unique compared with other types of crops.
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Research on organic farming has covered various aspects and involved many countries.
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According to one study, organic farming was proposed in India in the early 1960s
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when it was faced with acute shortages of food grains due to the ever-increasing population and natural disasters.
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Although it could not be applied successfully at first,
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as farmers had been familiar with conventional instructions,
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proponents of organic farming claimed that organic agriculture
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emphasised biodiversity and effective soil management could enhance the capacity to mitigate and even reverse the effects of climate change.
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So, India needed organic farming along with modern scientific agriculture.
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The study shows that in 2016,
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India became the country with the largest number of organic products and the production of crops kept growing year on year.
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Another international review about organic farming presents in the first part that people today have become increasingly interested in organic food,
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and this opinion is quite the same as that of other articles.
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But what impressed me most was the volume of the investigation the author did in different countries.
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He conducted a survey in 99 countries,
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of which 66 are convinced that organic farming is beneficial to animals,
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while 8 hold the opposite opinion and the remaining 25 say it is inconclusive.
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Therefore, the last part of the review is mainly talking about whether organic farming brings positive effects to animals.
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We can see there are different views about the advantages of organic farming.
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Some may think it can provide more nutritious and healthier food,
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Others may say it can protect the natural environment and benefit wildlife.
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However, as far as I'm concerned,
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it's you, the ones who buy organic products,
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that will decide what they can bring to you because market demand determines everything.
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OK, that's all I want to say.
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Now, let's open it up for discussion.
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That is the end of part four.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.
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Thank you.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu C1 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “Part 4 organic farming” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: organic, farming, crop, conventional, farmers. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 73 cümle ve 830 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 7:42 sürüyor. Konuşmacı yavaş konuşuyor, dakikada yaklaşık 108 kelime; her sesi taklit etmek için zamanınız var. Kelimelerin yalnızca %79’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| pesticide isim | /ˈpɛstɪsaɪd/ | pestisit |
| vegetable isim | /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/ | sebze, zerzevat |
| earthworm isim | /ˈɜː(ɹ)θˌwɜː(ɹ)m/ | yer solucanı |
| renewable sıfat | /ɹɪˈnu.ə.bl̩/ | yenilenebilir |
| nutritious sıfat | /nuːˈtɹɪʃəs/ | besleyici |
| recycle fiil | /ɹəˈsaɪkəl/ | geri dönüşüm, geri dönüştürmek |
| mitigate fiil | /ˈmɪt.ɪ.ɡeɪt/ | azaltmak, dindirmek |
| firstly zarf | /ˈfɜɹstli/ | ilk, önce |
| insect isim | /ˈɪn.sɛkt/ | böcek, haşere |
| fertility isim | /fɝˈtɪləti/ | doğurganlık, verimlilik |
| ecosystem isim | /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ | ekosistem |
| minimize fiil | /ˈmɪn.ɪˌmaɪz/ | azaltmak, cüceleştirmek |
| tomato isim | /təˈmeɪ.toʊ/ | domates, pamidor |
| consume fiil | /kənˈsum/ | kullanmak, harcamak |
| shortage isim | /ˈʃɔː(ɹ)tɪd͡ʒ/ | azlık, kesinti |
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | are promoted · be reflected · are grown |
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | has become · has shown · have shown |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
- “th” sesleri: earthworm /ˈɜː(ɹ)θˌwɜː(ɹ)m/, synthetic /sɪnˈθɛtɪk/
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: nutritious /nuːˈtɹɪʃəs/, shortage /ˈʃɔː(ɹ)tɪd͡ʒ/, beneficial /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.əl/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/, organically /ɔːˈɡænɪkli/, inconclusive /ˌɪnkənˈkluːsɪv/, fertility /fɝˈtɪləti/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: proponent /pɹəˈpoʊnənt/, propose /pɹəˈpəʊz/, breed /ˈbɹiːd/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: organically /ɔːˈɡænɪkli/, adapt /əˈdæpt/, enhance /ɪnˈhæns/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; pesticide, vegetable, earthworm gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.