跟讀練習: Part 4 organic farming - 通過影片學習英語口語
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4. You will hear part of a lecture on organic farming.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now, listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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to grow crops and raise animals.
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Virtually all organic farmers prefer to use renewable resources
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and recycling to give what conventional farmers might consider waste back to the soil of Mother Nature.
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From this, we can see organic farming is a sustainable production system,
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which is one of its advantages.
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Organic farmers use numerous techniques to promote the quality of life of plants and animals within existing ecosystems
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and minimise pollution that occurs with all conventional farming practices.
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Another benefit is that, with the increasing consumer demand for a healthier,
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more nutritionally balanced product, the sales of organically produced food are promoted.
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According to the research, it has become the fastest growing sector of agriculture
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and has shown an annual increase of at least 20% during the last six years.
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What's more, both chemical fertilizers and synthetic pesticides consume non-renewable resources such as oil and coal,
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but the development of organic farming can lower the demand for these fertilizers and pesticides,
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so it is conducive to the conservation of essential energy.
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At the same time, it also can reduce industrial pollution caused by the production of these chemical substances.
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Organic farming differs greatly from the traditional one in a number of ways.
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Let's discuss it from the perspective of agricultural biodiversity, firstly.
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For instance, earthworms are an important indicator of soil fertility.
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Studies have shown that the density
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and species number of earthworms in organically managed soils are three times as high as those in conventional fields.
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Moreover, the biodiversity in organic farming can also be reflected in the number of insects,
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which is twice as many as those in traditional farms.
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This might be highly related to the fact that organic vegetables are grown without any human-made pesticides,
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making these vegetables more likely to be damaged.
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The other main difference between organic and traditional farming lies in crop yields,
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one of the biggest concerns of organic farmers.
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Organic farms, though possibly well adapted for certain local environments,
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produce less food per unit of land.
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For example, organic vegetables like tomatoes and potatoes yielded are 40% less than conventional ones.
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In addition, research has also found the number of weeds produced in winter is about 90% at present,
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which has decreased by 10% than before.
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However, lower crop yields in organic farming are still inevitable at the moment.
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Anyway, organic farming is a new direction for agricultural development.
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These days, a variety of organic products are cultivated not only for humans,
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but also for animals, for example, organic grass.
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It is commonly used in organic farms to feed cows.
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Because of the non-use of synthetic fertilizers or pesticides,
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it can protect cows from diseases brought by large-scale breeding,
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thus ensuring the quality of raw milk.
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but an interesting phenomenon is that its production has remained constant these years,
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which is quite unique compared with other types of crops.
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Research on organic farming has covered various aspects and involved many countries.
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According to one study, organic farming was proposed in India in the early 1960s
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when it was faced with acute shortages of food grains due to the ever-increasing population and natural disasters.
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Although it could not be applied successfully at first,
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as farmers had been familiar with conventional instructions,
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proponents of organic farming claimed that organic agriculture
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emphasised biodiversity and effective soil management could enhance the capacity to mitigate and even reverse the effects of climate change.
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So, India needed organic farming along with modern scientific agriculture.
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The study shows that in 2016,
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India became the country with the largest number of organic products and the production of crops kept growing year on year.
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Another international review about organic farming presents in the first part that people today have become increasingly interested in organic food,
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and this opinion is quite the same as that of other articles.
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But what impressed me most was the volume of the investigation the author did in different countries.
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He conducted a survey in 99 countries,
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of which 66 are convinced that organic farming is beneficial to animals,
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while 8 hold the opposite opinion and the remaining 25 say it is inconclusive.
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Therefore, the last part of the review is mainly talking about whether organic farming brings positive effects to animals.
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We can see there are different views about the advantages of organic farming.
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Some may think it can provide more nutritious and healthier food,
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Others may say it can protect the natural environment and benefit wildlife.
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However, as far as I'm concerned,
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it's you, the ones who buy organic products,
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that will decide what they can bring to you because market demand determines everything.
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OK, that's all I want to say.
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Now, let's open it up for discussion.
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That is the end of part four.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.
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Thank you.
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為什麼要通過這個影片練習口語？
在觀看關於有機農業的講座時，您將接觸到許多農業領域相關的專業術語和概念，這對於擴充套件您的英語能力尤其重要。通過這種型別的影片，您不僅可以提高對特定主題的瞭解，還能有效提升您的英語口語能力。觀看這一影片可以幫助您在談論可持續農業和環境保護時，更加自信地使用英語，適合任何想要提升雅思口語練習的學習者。此外，您可以通過模仿和影子練習（shadowing）影片中的對話，增強語音與語調的掌握，從而提升您的聽力理解和表達能力。
語法與表達技巧分析
在影片中，講者使用了幾個關鍵的語法結構和表達來看待有機農業。以下是一些重要的例子：
- 被動語態：“被認為是可持續的農業生產系統”，這種結構常用於描述環境和生態;
- 條件句：“如果有機農業得以發展”，可以幫助表達假設和條件;
- 比較級：“有機農場的蟲子數量是常規農場的兩倍”，幫助傳達不同農業方式的效果;
通過學習這些結構，您可以在看YouTube學英語時提升語法運用能力，推薦結合shadow speech練習，讓表達更加地道。
常見發音陷阱
影片中的一些詞彙和短語可能會給您的發音帶來挑戰，例如：
- “可持續”（sustainable），這個詞需要特別注意拼音重音;
- “化肥”（fertilizers），這個詞的母音發音可能會讓初學者困擾;
- “生物多樣性”（biodiversity），這是一個相對複雜的詞彙，發音時要注意連讀現象;
通過多次聽取該影片並進行模仿，您將可以更加自然地掌握這些發音。此外，影子練習（shadowing）也是一種有效的提高發音和流利度的方式，適合所有想提升英語的學習者。嘗試在觀看的時候反覆模仿，以改善口音，使您的雅思口語練習更加高效。
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | has become · has shown · have shown |
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | are promoted · be reflected · are grown |
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。