Pratique du Shadowing: Part 4 organic farming - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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4. You will hear part of a lecture on organic farming.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now, listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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to grow crops and raise animals.
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Virtually all organic farmers prefer to use renewable resources
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and recycling to give what conventional farmers might consider waste back to the soil of Mother Nature.
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From this, we can see organic farming is a sustainable production system,
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which is one of its advantages.
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Organic farmers use numerous techniques to promote the quality of life of plants and animals within existing ecosystems
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and minimise pollution that occurs with all conventional farming practices.
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Another benefit is that, with the increasing consumer demand for a healthier,
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more nutritionally balanced product, the sales of organically produced food are promoted.
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According to the research, it has become the fastest growing sector of agriculture
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and has shown an annual increase of at least 20% during the last six years.
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What's more, both chemical fertilizers and synthetic pesticides consume non-renewable resources such as oil and coal,
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but the development of organic farming can lower the demand for these fertilizers and pesticides,
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so it is conducive to the conservation of essential energy.
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At the same time, it also can reduce industrial pollution caused by the production of these chemical substances.
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Organic farming differs greatly from the traditional one in a number of ways.
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Let's discuss it from the perspective of agricultural biodiversity, firstly.
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For instance, earthworms are an important indicator of soil fertility.
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Studies have shown that the density
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and species number of earthworms in organically managed soils are three times as high as those in conventional fields.
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Moreover, the biodiversity in organic farming can also be reflected in the number of insects,
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which is twice as many as those in traditional farms.
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This might be highly related to the fact that organic vegetables are grown without any human-made pesticides,
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making these vegetables more likely to be damaged.
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The other main difference between organic and traditional farming lies in crop yields,
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one of the biggest concerns of organic farmers.
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Organic farms, though possibly well adapted for certain local environments,
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produce less food per unit of land.
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For example, organic vegetables like tomatoes and potatoes yielded are 40% less than conventional ones.
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In addition, research has also found the number of weeds produced in winter is about 90% at present,
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which has decreased by 10% than before.
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However, lower crop yields in organic farming are still inevitable at the moment.
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Anyway, organic farming is a new direction for agricultural development.
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These days, a variety of organic products are cultivated not only for humans,
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but also for animals, for example, organic grass.
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It is commonly used in organic farms to feed cows.
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Because of the non-use of synthetic fertilizers or pesticides,
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it can protect cows from diseases brought by large-scale breeding,
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thus ensuring the quality of raw milk.
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but an interesting phenomenon is that its production has remained constant these years,
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which is quite unique compared with other types of crops.
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Research on organic farming has covered various aspects and involved many countries.
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According to one study, organic farming was proposed in India in the early 1960s
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when it was faced with acute shortages of food grains due to the ever-increasing population and natural disasters.
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Although it could not be applied successfully at first,
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as farmers had been familiar with conventional instructions,
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proponents of organic farming claimed that organic agriculture
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emphasised biodiversity and effective soil management could enhance the capacity to mitigate and even reverse the effects of climate change.
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So, India needed organic farming along with modern scientific agriculture.
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The study shows that in 2016,
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India became the country with the largest number of organic products and the production of crops kept growing year on year.
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Another international review about organic farming presents in the first part that people today have become increasingly interested in organic food,
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and this opinion is quite the same as that of other articles.
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But what impressed me most was the volume of the investigation the author did in different countries.
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He conducted a survey in 99 countries,
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of which 66 are convinced that organic farming is beneficial to animals,
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while 8 hold the opposite opinion and the remaining 25 say it is inconclusive.
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Therefore, the last part of the review is mainly talking about whether organic farming brings positive effects to animals.
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We can see there are different views about the advantages of organic farming.
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Some may think it can provide more nutritious and healthier food,
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Others may say it can protect the natural environment and benefit wildlife.
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However, as far as I'm concerned,
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it's you, the ones who buy organic products,
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that will decide what they can bring to you because market demand determines everything.
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OK, that's all I want to say.
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Now, let's open it up for discussion.
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That is the end of part four.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Part 4 organic farming ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : organic, farming, crop, conventional, farmers. Cette vidéo contient 73 phrases et 830 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 7:42. Le locuteur parle lentement, environ 108 mots par minute, ce qui laisse le temps d’imiter chaque son. Seuls 79 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| pesticide nom | /ˈpɛstɪsaɪd/ | pesticide |
| biodiversity nom | /ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/ | biodiversité |
| vegetable nom | /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/ | légume |
| earthworm nom | /ˈɜː(ɹ)θˌwɜː(ɹ)m/ | ver de terre, lombric |
| renewable adjectif | /ɹɪˈnu.ə.bl̩/ | renouvelable |
| synthetic adjectif | /sɪnˈθɛtɪk/ | synthétique |
| conducive adjectif | /kənˈdjuːsɪv/ | favorable |
| cultivate verbe | /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/ | cultiver |
| inconclusive adjectif | /ˌɪnkənˈkluːsɪv/ | pas concluant |
| nutritious adjectif | /nuːˈtɹɪʃəs/ | nutritif |
| proponent nom | /pɹəˈpoʊnənt/ | partisan, avocat |
| recycle verbe | /ɹəˈsaɪkəl/ | recycler |
| mitigate verbe | /ˈmɪt.ɪ.ɡeɪt/ | réduire, atténuer |
| firstly adverbe | /ˈfɜɹstli/ | d'abord, premièrement |
| insect nom | /ˈɪn.sɛkt/ | insecte |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | are promoted · be reflected · are grown |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | has become · has shown · have shown |
Prononciation à surveiller
- Les sons « th »: earthworm /ˈɜː(ɹ)θˌwɜː(ɹ)m/, synthetic /sɪnˈθɛtɪk/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: nutritious /nuːˈtɹɪʃəs/, shortage /ˈʃɔː(ɹ)tɪd͡ʒ/, beneficial /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.əl/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/, organically /ɔːˈɡænɪkli/, inconclusive /ˌɪnkənˈkluːsɪv/, fertility /fɝˈtɪləti/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: vegetable /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/, shortage /ˈʃɔː(ɹ)tɪd͡ʒ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: earthworm /ˈɜː(ɹ)θˌwɜː(ɹ)m/, renewable /ɹɪˈnu.ə.bl̩/, nutritious /nuːˈtɹɪʃəs/, proponent /pɹəˈpoʊnənt/, recycle /ɹəˈsaɪkəl/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme pesticide, biodiversity, vegetable.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.