Shadowing Practice: RE2 Unit 11A - Learn English Speaking with Video

Ders oluşturuluyor...
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Track 21.
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Reading 11a.
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The Knowledge Illusion.
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A bat and a ball cost $1.10 in total.
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The bat costs $1 more than the ball.
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How much does the ball cost?
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If you answered 10 cents, you're not alone.
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Most people give the same answer.
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The correct answer is 5 cents.
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It's an example of how we often rely on intuitive responses, answers we feel are true.
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People give answers that pop into their mind, says cognitive scientist Stephen Sloman.
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We don't spend much time reflecting and checking whether the answer is right or wrong.
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The bat and ball question helps explain why we often believe in fake news.
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It is part of human nature to believe, says Sloman, but the trick with fake news is to know to verify.
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In other words, to stop and question what you know.
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In one experiment, Sloman and a colleague invented a discovery called helium rain.
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They told a group of volunteers about it, but admitted they could not fully explain what it was.
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They then asked the volunteers to rate their own understanding of helium rain.
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Most volunteers rated themselves 1 out of 7, meaning they did not understand the concept.
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The researchers then told another group of volunteers about the discovery.
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This time, they said that scientists could fully explain how it works.
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When asked to rate their understanding, the volunteers gave an average answer of 2.
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The scientists' confidence gave the volunteers an increased sense of their own understanding, Sloman says.
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According to Sloman, studies show that knowledge spreads like a contagion.
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This idea can be seen in many fields, including politics.
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If everyone around you is saying they understand why a politician is crooked, Sloman says, then you're going to start thinking that you understand too.
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Another explanation for the spread of fake news is motivated reasoning, writes Adam Waits, a management professor at the Kellogg School.
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We are naturally more likely to believe things that confirm our existing opinions.
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If you already have a negative opinion about someone, you're more likely to trust damaging stories about them.
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Over time, Waits argues, motivated reasoning can lead to a false social consensus.
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So, in a world where misleading information is common, is there a way to protect ourselves?
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I don't think it's possible to train individuals to verify everything that they encounter, Sloman admits.
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It is just too human to believe what you're told.
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However, training people to care about fact-checking is important, he argues, especially in online communities.
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Think of the headlines and stories that are shared on your social media feed every day.
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Probably these fit in with your own worldview, but perhaps not all of them are true.
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Develop a norm in your community that says, we should check things and not just take them at face value, Sloman says.
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Verify before you believe.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları

Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 38 cümle ve 469 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 3:27 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 136 kelimelik dengeli bir hızla konuşuyor; gölgeleme için rahat bir tempo. Kelimelerin %82’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında; geri kalanına başlamadan önce bakmakta fayda var.

Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler

Videodan öğrenmeye değer 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:

KelimeTelaffuzAnlam
volunteer isim/ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/gönüllü
scientist isim/ˈsaɪəntəst/âlim, âlime
verify fiil/ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/doğrulamak
argue fiil/ˈɑɹ.ɡju/münakaşa etmek, tartışmak
discovery isim/dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/keşif
trick isim/ˈtɹɪk/hile, numara
explanation isim/ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/açıklama
confirm fiil/kənˈfɝm/onaylamak, tasdik etmek
reflect fiil/ɹɪˈflɛkt/yansıtmak
experiment isim/ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/deney (n), tecrübe
encounter fiil/ɪnˈkaʊntɚ/rastlamak
rat isim/ɹæt/sıçan, fare
politician isim/ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/politikacı, siyasetçi
consensus isim/kənˈsɛnsəs/konsensüs
headline isim/ˈhɛd.laɪn/başlık, manşet

Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar

Konuşmacı you're, don't gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 6 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.

  • “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/
  • Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/, intuitive /ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv/

Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır

  1. Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
  2. Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
  3. Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; volunteer, scientist, verify gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.

Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?

Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.

Shadowing tekniği: adım adım eksiksiz rehberi okuyun →