Shadowing Practice: Using Would Have, Could Have, Should Have - English Grammar Lesson - Learn English Speaking with Video
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179 cümleler
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Oh.
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Hello.
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I should have prepared for this lesson, and I guess now I don't know what to say.
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Whoops.
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Martin, you could have at least warned me.
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Now what are we going to do?
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I would have done it, but I was just so busy.
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I could have done it if you told me.
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Don't you have some notes or something we can use?
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I had some notes, but I can't find them.
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Well, think about it.
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Where could they be?
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Not sure.
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I could have left them on the bus.
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I should have never agreed to do this video.
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Hi, I'm Martin.
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Welcome to Oxford Online English!
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In this lesson, you can learn how to use would have, should have, and could have.
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These verbs would, should, could, etc. are modal verbs, so they don't have past forms like normal verbs do.
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Instead, you can talk about the past by adding have plus a past participle after the verb.
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In this lesson, you'll learn to use those modal verbs to talk about the past in English, what they mean, and how they're different.
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Sometimes you have moments when your life could go in very different ways.
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For example, maybe you take an important exam, and your result decides where you can go to university.
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Maybe you're thinking about moving to another country.
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Do you stay where you are, or do you leave?
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Perhaps you're in a relationship, and things aren't going so well.
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Do you stay and try to make it work, or do you move on?
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Life is full of these important moments and decisions.
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Try to think of something like this from your past.
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Now ask yourself.
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You made the choices you made.
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You passed the exam or you failed it.
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You moved to another country or you didn't.
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That's reality, but what if things had gone the other way?
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This is the imaginary past.
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You're imagining a different version of the past.
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You're asking yourself questions like, what if I had worked a bit harder and passed that exam?
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What if I had taken that job and moved to Italy?
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What if I had told her how I feel?
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This is where you use would have.
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Use would have to talk about the imaginary past.
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For example, if I had got better exam results, I would have got into Harvard.
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I wouldn't have met my wife if I had moved to Italy seven years ago.
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If I hadn't forgotten my pen that day, I wouldn't have asked to borrow yours, and we wouldn't have become friends!
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Think about your important moment from the past when your life could have gone in two very different directions.
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What would have happened if things had gone the other way?
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So you can use would have to talk about the imaginary past.
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What about our other verbs?
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Where do you suppose they are?
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I don't know.
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They're usually so reliable.
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I guess they could have mixed up the date.
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Shall we try calling them again?
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We can't wait forever.
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When will it be ready?
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I think next Thursday.
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You said you'd have it finished by the end of this week.
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Now what am I going to do?
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Sorry.
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You could have told me sooner that you weren't going to finish on time.
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Doctor, is it serious?
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No, it's just a scratch.
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But be more careful next time.
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You could have really hurt yourself.
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You can also use could have to talk about the imaginary past.
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If I'd had more time, I could have finished everything.
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He could have won it if he hadn't slipped at the start.
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When you use could have to talk about the imaginary past, you're talking about possibilities.
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We're talking about opportunities and chances which you didn't have in reality,
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but in your imaginary version of the past, you would have had these chances.
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However, could have can also have different meanings.
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Let's look!
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Here you saw three more ways to use could have.
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that you can go back and review the dialogues if you need to.
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Can you explain how could have is used in each of these dialogues?
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Could have can mean that you aren't sure about something in the past.
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You're talking about a possibility.
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They could have mixed up the date.
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I've lost my keys.
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I could have left them at work. Where are they?
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I guess they could have missed the train.
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In these examples, you aren't sure about something that happened in the past.
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You use could have to make a guess about what happened.
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You can also use could have to criticise someone.
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You could have told me sooner.
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You could have tidied up a bit.
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You could have worn something a bit nicer.
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In these examples, you want to criticise the other person for something they didn't do.
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Finally, you can use could have to mean that somebody was lucky to avoid a bad situation in the past.
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It's just a scratch, but you could have really hurt yourself.
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We were really late, and we could have missed our plane, but luckily we just made it!
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Let's review quickly.
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Could have has four different meanings. Can you remember them?
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You can use could have to talk about the imaginary past, to guess about something in the past which you aren't sure about,
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to criticise someone for something they didn't do, and to say that someone was lucky to avoid a bad situation.
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Next, what about should have?
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You just saw that could have can be used to criticise someone.
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Could have is similar, but you can use it in a wider variety of ways.
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Like could have, you can use it to criticise something that someone didn't do in the past.
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You should have called me like you promised.
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He should have checked the recipe before he started cooking.
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They should have practised penalties before the match.
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You can also use it to criticise something that someone did.
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You shouldn't have drunk so much at the wedding.
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She shouldn't have left everything to the last minute.
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You can even use it to criticise yourself.
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If you regret something which you did in the past, I should have realised what was going on.
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I shouldn't have said that.
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You can also use should have to apologise to someone.
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If you say, I shouldn't have said that, you're admitting that you made a wrong choice and that you regret it.
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This is the most common use of should have, criticizing others or yourself and talking about things you regret in the past.
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However, it has one more meaning.
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Look at three examples.
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Can you work out what should have means here?
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Here, you use should have to talk about something which you expected to happen, but it didn't happen.
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They should have been here by now means that you expected them to have arrived before now, but you're still waiting.
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It should have been ready an hour ago means that you expected everything to be ready earlier.
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Maybe you're cooking something, and it's taking much longer than you thought it would.
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The plane should have landed at 7.30.
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Means you expected the plane to land then, but it didn't.
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Probably you mean that the plane is late, and you're still waiting for it.
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Now, you should have learned two different ways to use should've.
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Let's practice using would have, could have, and should have together.
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You should have told me your friends were coming.
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I would have made some extra food.
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Sorry, I would have called you, but I had no phone credit.
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I should have topped up before we went out.
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What are we going to eat?
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We don't have much in the fridge.
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I should have stopped and got a takeaway on the way.
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Not to worry, we'll order something.
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Where's the food?
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I'm so hungry!
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They should have come by now, right?
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They're probably just busy.
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They could have forgotten.
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They would have called if there was a problem, don't you think?
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Relax.
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You should have had a snack when you got in.
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It'll be here soon. That was delicious!
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I've never had such a good meal.
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You could have left some for me.
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What am I supposed to eat?
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Oh, I'm sorry.
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I would have left some if I'd known you'd wanted some.
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I should have asked.
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Yeah, you should have.
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Oh well, there's half a cucumber in the fridge, I think.
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Look at three sentences from the dialogues.
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Can you explain what they mean?
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The first sentence is talking about the imaginary past.
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It means that if I had known you were bringing guests, I would have made some more food.
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But, in reality, I didn't know, so I didn't make enough food.
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The second sentence is talking about something you aren't sure about in the past.
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Do you remember the situation?
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We were waiting for our takeaway to arrive.
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It was late and we didn't know what happened.
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You use could have here to make a guess about something in the past when you don't know what happened.
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The third sentence is a criticism, or an expression of regret.
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If you say this, you mean that you made a mistake in the past.
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Think back to the dialogues.
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Did we use should have or could have in any other ways?
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Look at two more sentences.
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They should have come by now.
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It could have left some for me.
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What do should have and could have mean here?
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Here should have means that something didn't happen the way you expected.
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You expected the food to be here by now, but it isn't.
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Could have is used to criticise something which someone else didn't do.
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Now, hopefully you understand how to use would have, could have, and should have.
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Get more practice with the full version of this lesson, which includes a quiz to help your understanding of this topic.
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There's a link underneath the video.
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You can also find many more free English lessons on our website, OxfordOnlineEnglish.com.
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Finally, a question.
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Did you learn anything new about using would have, could have, or should have?
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What was new for you in this lesson?
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Please let us know in the comments.
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Thanks for watching!
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See you next time!
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu B1 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “Using Would Have, Could Have, Should Have - English Grammar Lesson” videosuna dayanıyor. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 179 cümle ve 1723 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 13:57 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 124 kelimelik dengeli bir hızla konuşuyor; gölgeleme için rahat bir tempo. Kelimelerin %88’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığını takip etmek kolay. 179 cümlenin 32 tanesi soru; soru tonlaması ve kısa cevaplar için iyi bir alıştırma.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| criticize fiil | /ˈkɹɪtɪsaɪz/ | eleştirmek, tenkit etmek |
| imaginary sıfat | /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪˌn(ɛ)ɹi/ | sanal, hayalî |
| verb isim | /vɝb/ | fiil, eylem |
| examination isim | /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ | imtihan etmek, sınav yamak |
| dialogue isim | /ˈdaɪəˌlɑɡ/ | diyalog, sohbet |
| modal sıfat | /ˈməʊdəl/ | kipsel |
| scratch fiil | /skɹæt͡ʃ/ | çizmek |
| cucumber isim | /ˈkjuˌkʌmbɚ/ | hıyar, salatalık |
| participle isim | /ˈpɑɹtɪˌsɪpəl/ | ortaç, durum ortacı |
| practise fiil | /ˈpɹæktɪs/ | pratik yapmak |
| tidy sıfat | /ˈtaɪ.di/ | temiz, muntazam |
| quiz isim | /kwɪz/ | bilgi yarışması |
| snack isim | /snæk/ | atıştırmalık, çerez |
| borrow fiil | /ˈbɑɹ.oʊ/ | ödünç almak |
| warn fiil | /woɹn/ | uyarmak |
Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller
| Kelime | Anlam |
|---|---|
| go out fiil | çıkmak |
Tekrar etmeye değer cümleler
Videodan, günlük konuşmada yeniden kullanabileceğiniz kısa ve tam cümleler:
- Don't you have some notes or something we can use?
- What if I had told her how I feel?
- What about our other verbs?
- Where do you suppose they are?
- Shall we try calling them again?
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Koşul cümleleri if + cümle, will/would + fiil — bir koşul ve sonucu | if I'd known you'd wanted |
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | I've lost · I've never had |
| “should” ile tavsiye should + fiil — yapılması iyi olanı söylemek | should have · shouldn't have |
| Past continuous was/were + -ing — geçmişte bir anda sürmekte olan bir eylem | was going · were coming · were bringing |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı didn't, you're, don't gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 64 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: imaginary /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪˌn(ɛ)ɹi/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, participle /ˈpɑɹtɪˌsɪpəl/, apologize /əˈpɑləˌd͡ʒaɪz/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: takeaway /ˈteɪkəweɪ/, quiz /kwɪz/, warn /woɹn/
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: criticize /ˈkɹɪtɪsaɪz/, scratch /skɹæt͡ʃ/, cucumber /ˈkjuˌkʌmbɚ/, practise /ˈpɹæktɪs/, quiz /kwɪz/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: imaginary /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪˌn(ɛ)ɹi/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, scratch /skɹæt͡ʃ/, practise /ˈpɹæktɪs/, snack /snæk/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; criticize, imaginary, verb gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.