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Right now, these jasmine buds don't smell like anything.
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But once they bloom, producers in India process their coveted aroma into one of the priciest oils in the world.
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Just one kilogram of jasmine oil can cost over $5 ,000.
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It's a key ingredient in luxury perfumes.
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But to get one kilogram of some jasmine oil, these women need to pluck over 5 ,000 buds.
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So what does jasmine smell like?
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And why is the oil so expensive?
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For hundreds of years, jasmine has been used in India to make garlands and headpieces for special occasions.
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It's scent is sweet, fruity, and floral, blending well with other fragrances.
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And while India grows over 80 varieties of jasmine, jasmine grandiflorum and sambac are two of the most commercially valuable.
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It's been considered very divine.
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And sambac, especially even amongst other flowers, is considered one notch superior.
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It's the most preferred flower.
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Jasmine sambak has this ease, this friendliness, this happiness.
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It is a joyful scent.
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Jasmine sambak thrives in Madurai, the jasmine capital of India.
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Like any flower, jasmine produces a strong scent only after it blooms.
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But local sellers don't want jasmine flowers.
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They want the buds.
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That's because, once the flower blooms, the scent only lasts a few days.
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The buds last longer, so they're easier to transport, whether it be for garlands or oil extraction.
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Raja runs a jasmine oil company.
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But before Raja can produce the oil, he'll need to wait for the day's harvest.
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Jasmine is a night -blooming flower.
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To maximize the harvest and ensure the buds make it to the markets in time, harvesters head to the fields early.
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Rati is one of a handful of women tasked with plucking the buds.
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It's not as simple as grabbing each bud she sees.
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Only the right bud blooms that day, otherwise it's not going to bloom.
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So if it doesn't bloom, no fragrance.
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Deciphering which buds to harvest requires a keen eye, one that Ratti has trained over the last 10 years in these fields.
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Ratti goes to each bush one by one, plucking thousands of buds before she collects a kilogram of jasmine gathering
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that much takes her about an hour the work must be done gently by hand
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so as not to damage the buds damage
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or wilted buds mean more work for Rati jasmine is a
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very laborious picking process as a kilo of jasmine just to
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give you a perspective will have about 5 ,000 to 6 ,000 independent in flowers
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so to pick one kilo they have to move 5 ,000 times you know the hand moves back
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and forth 5 ,000 times to pick just one kilo of flowers
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but that's still a tiny fraction of the buds needed to
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produce a kilogram of oil for one kilogram of jasmine oil Raja needs one metric ton
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or 1 ,000 kilograms of flowers as she works Rati collects the buds in her sari to protect them
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and preserve to serve their fragrance.
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She'll harvest for about five hours straight.
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It's tedious and tiring, but it's critical for her to keep moving before it gets too hot.
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Then the buds head to the local market.
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Murugan is used to the market's chaotic energy.
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He's been sourcing jasmine for oil production for 18 years.
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Practically all corners of the market are full of buyers, bags of jasmine buds, and scales to determine the proper quantity for sale.
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The rate today is 500 rupees per kilogram.
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Before buying, he assesses the buds closely to determine if the size will be worth the price.
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When the sun has set, Raja's employees begin unloading bags full of jasmine buds back at the factory.
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The first step is to spread them out with rakes, and then again with their hands and feet.
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Spreading out the buds is crucial to preserving them.
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Leaving them in a big pile would generate heat, which would again cause them to wilt.
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Then Rajasthin waits until the flowers begin to bloom.
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The minute it starts blooming, it starts emitting the fragrance.
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And then after some time, you can see it emits a bad fragrance.
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So you know, there's a constant chemical reaction that's happening in the flower.
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For us, it's so important to capture the fragrance at the right moment, which is soon after it blooms, which is the best in terms of yield and the span.
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Like several other white flowers, jasmine is rich in indole.
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Ironically, indole is found in feces too.
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In the case of feces, there's too much indole, so it produces an unpleasant smell.
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But in limited amounts, it creates an appealing aroma, as it does with jasmine.
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When the jasmine has bloomed, Raja's team loads the flowers into four 5 ,000 -liter extractors.
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The flowers then soak in a solvent.
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Once the solvent absorbs the smell of the flowers, they remove all of the liquid.
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They're left with this waxy, hard substance called concrete.
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It's what Raja uses to finally extract the oil.
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You add alcohol into the concrete and then the concrete is separated off the waxes, it's filtered, and then we get the absolute.
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Jasmine sambac is the most coveted of all jasmine flowers, hence the high price.
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At its peak, jasmine sambac flowers can cost 10 times more than other types of jasmine.
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And when it comes to the final price of the oil, the majority of it depends on the cost of the flower itself.
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About 60 percent, the bulk of the cost, is attributed towards the flower cost itself.
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So it varies depending on the price of the flowers every year.
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The cost of one kilo of concrete is around $2 ,750 to $3 ,000.
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And the absolute is almost a double, like $5 ,500 plus per kilo of absolute.
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But jasmine sambac oil wasn't always this valuable.
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In fact, Raja says it was rarely harvested before the launch of Dior's Jador fragrance.
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That was when the sambac became the inthic.
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Before that, sambac was grown in India, but it was not really extracted.
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Today, jasmine oil extracts travel from India all the way to Paris, where they will be used in many high -end fragrances, particularly at Guerlain.
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Guerlain sources jasmine sambac oil directly from Raja.
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The signature of the house is made with jasmine and five other ingredients.
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So jasmine is almost everywhere.
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The company produces all of its fragrance blends in -house, including Mont Guerlain.
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Jasmine sambac is the star of Mont Guerlain.
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You have the top note of lavender.
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Blend then in the jasmine sambac florals you enjoy.
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Then comes the sandalwood and the vanilla.
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This is such a soft and beautiful fragrance.
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You know, it's weird.
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Sometimes you even surprise yourself smelling memories.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 92 cümle ve 1100 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 9:09 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 120 kelimelik dengeli bir hızla konuşuyor; gölgeleme için rahat bir tempo. Kelimelerin yalnızca %73’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodan öğrenmeye değer 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| jasmine isim | /ˈd͡ʒæzmɪn/ | yasemin |
| flower isim | /ˈfloʊɚ/ | çiçek |
| bud isim | /bʌd/ | filiz, sürgün |
| fragrance isim | /ˈfɹeɪɡɹən(t)s/ | koku, güzel koku |
| harvest isim | /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/ | hasat |
| concrete sıfat | /ˌkɑnˈkɹit/ | somut |
| scent isim | /sɛnt/ | ıtır |
| extract isim | /ˈɛkstɹækt/ | ekstre |
| blend fiil | /blɛnd/ | karışmak |
| collect fiil | /ˈkɑlɪkt/ | katılmak, toplamak |
| preserve fiil | /pɹəˈzɝv/ | korumak, muhafaza etmek |
| ingredient isim | /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/ | içerik, malzeme |
| superior sıfat | /sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/ | üstün |
| happiness isim | /ˈhæpinɪs/ | mutluluk, saadet |
| producer isim | /pɹəˈdjuːsə/ | üretici |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı don't, they're, doesn't gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 8 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “th” sesleri: gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, thrive /θɹajv/
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, occasion /əˈkeɪ̯ʒən/, luxury /ˈlʌk.ʃə.ɹi/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/, superior /sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/, practically /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.k(ə.)li/, ironically /aɪˈɹɑnɪkli/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; jasmine, flower, bud gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | been considered · is considered · must be done |
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | has been · It's been considered · has trained |
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.