跟讀練習: Why Jasmine Oil Is So Expensive | So Expensive | Business Insider - 通過影片學習英語口語
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92 句
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1
Right now, these jasmine buds don't smell like anything.
現在這些茉莉花苞一點香味都沒有。
2
But once they bloom, producers in India process their coveted aroma into one of the priciest oils in the world.
但一旦開花，印度的生產商就會將它們珍貴的香氣加工成世界上最昂貴的精油之一。
3
Just one kilogram of jasmine oil can cost over $5 ,000.
僅一公斤茉莉精油的價格就可能超過5000美元。
4
It's a key ingredient in luxury perfumes.
它是高階香水中的一種關鍵成分。
5
But to get one kilogram of some jasmine oil, these women need to pluck over 5 ,000 buds.
但要得到一公斤茉莉油，這些婦女需要採摘超過五千個花蕾。
6
So what does jasmine smell like?
那麼茉莉聞起來是什麼味道？
7
And why is the oil so expensive?
那油價為什麼這麼貴呢？
8
For hundreds of years, jasmine has been used in India to make garlands and headpieces for special occasions.
數百年來，印度一直使用茉莉製作特殊場合所用的花環與頭飾。
9
It's scent is sweet, fruity, and floral, blending well with other fragrances.
它的香氣甜美，帶有果香和花香，能與其他香味很好地融合。
10
And while India grows over 80 varieties of jasmine, jasmine grandiflorum and sambac are two of the most commercially valuable.
雖然印度種植的茉莉品種超過80種，但大花茉莉和毛茉莉是其中商業價值最高的兩個品種。
11
It's been considered very divine.
人們一直認為它極具神性。
12
And sambac, especially even amongst other flowers, is considered one notch superior.
而茉莉，即便在眾多花卉之中，也被認為更勝一籌。
13
It's the most preferred flower.
這是最受歡迎的花。
14
Jasmine sambak has this ease, this friendliness, this happiness.
茉莉 Sambak 身上帶著這份從容、這份親和、這份愉悅。
15
It is a joyful scent.
這是一種令人愉悅的香氣。
16
Jasmine sambak thrives in Madurai, the jasmine capital of India.
茉莉（Jasmine sambak）在印度茉莉之都馬杜賴生長旺盛。
17
Like any flower, jasmine produces a strong scent only after it blooms.
和其他花卉一樣，茉莉花只有在綻放後才會散發出濃郁的香氣。
18
But local sellers don't want jasmine flowers.
但當地商販並不想要茉莉花。
19
They want the buds.
他們想要那些芽。
20
That's because, once the flower blooms, the scent only lasts a few days.
這是因為，花朵一旦綻放，香氣只能維持幾天。
21
The buds last longer, so they're easier to transport, whether it be for garlands or oil extraction.
這些花蕾的保鮮期更長，因此無論是用於製作花環還是提取精油，運輸起來都更加方便。
22
Raja runs a jasmine oil company.
拉雅經營一家茉莉精油公司。
23
But before Raja can produce the oil, he'll need to wait for the day's harvest.
但在拉賈生產石油之前，他需要等待當天的收成。
24
Jasmine is a night -blooming flower.
茉莉是一種夜間開花的植物。
25
To maximize the harvest and ensure the buds make it to the markets in time, harvesters head to the fields early.
為了實現豐收並確保花蕾及時上市，採摘者們早早便前往田間。
26
Rati is one of a handful of women tasked with plucking the buds.
拉蒂是為數不多被指派去採摘花蕾的女性之一。
27
It's not as simple as grabbing each bud she sees.
事情可不像隨手摘下她看到的每一個花蕾那麼簡單。
28
Only the right bud blooms that day, otherwise it's not going to bloom.
只有右邊的花苞會在那天開放，否則就不會開了。
29
So if it doesn't bloom, no fragrance.
所以它要是不開花，就不會有香味。
30
Deciphering which buds to harvest requires a keen eye, one that Ratti has trained over the last 10 years in these fields.
要判斷哪些花苞可以採摘，需要敏銳的眼力，而拉蒂在這些田地裡勞作的這十年間，早已練就了這樣的眼力。
31
Ratti goes to each bush one by one, plucking thousands of buds before she collects a kilogram of jasmine gathering
拉蒂一株一株地走到每叢灌木前，摘下數千個花苞，才收集到一公斤茉莉花。
32
that much takes her about an hour the work must be done gently by hand
光是做這些就要花掉她大約一個小時，而且這項工作必須用手輕柔地完成。
33
so as not to damage the buds damage
以免損傷芽體
34
or wilted buds mean more work for Rati jasmine is a
或者說，枯萎的花苞意味著拉蒂茉莉需要更多照料，它是一種
35
very laborious picking process as a kilo of jasmine just to
採摘過程非常費力，因為一公斤茉莉花僅僅需要
36
give you a perspective will have about 5 ,000 to 6 ,000 independent in flowers
給你一個參考視角，這裡大約有5000到6000朵獨立的花卉。
37
so to pick one kilo they have to move 5 ,000 times you know the hand moves back
所以要採集一公斤，他們就得來回動手5000次。
38
and forth 5 ,000 times to pick just one kilo of flowers
來回五千次，才能採摘到僅僅一公斤的花
39
but that's still a tiny fraction of the buds needed to
但這仍然只是所需芽體數量的一小部分，遠遠不夠
40
produce a kilogram of oil for one kilogram of jasmine oil Raja needs one metric ton
拉賈要生產一公斤茉莉油，需要一噸茉莉花瓣。
41
or 1 ,000 kilograms of flowers as she works Rati collects the buds in her sari to protect them
拉蒂勞作時會用紗麗兜住花蕾以保護它們，一次採摘的鮮花重量可達1000公斤。
42
and preserve to serve their fragrance.
並保留其香氣以供享用。
43
She'll harvest for about five hours straight.
她會連續收割大約五個小時。
44
It's tedious and tiring, but it's critical for her to keep moving before it gets too hot.
這既枯燥又累人，但對她來說，在天氣變得太熱之前繼續前進至關重要。
45
Then the buds head to the local market.
之後這些花苞就會被運往當地市場。
46
Murugan is used to the market's chaotic energy.
穆魯甘已經習慣了市場裡混亂喧鬧的氛圍。
47
He's been sourcing jasmine for oil production for 18 years.
他從事採購用於生產精油的茉莉花已有18年。
48
Practically all corners of the market are full of buyers, bags of jasmine buds, and scales to determine the proper quantity for sale.
市場的幾乎每個角落都擠滿了買家，一袋袋茉莉花蕾，還有用來稱量待售貨品準確重量的秤。
49
The rate today is 500 rupees per kilogram.
今天的價格是每公斤500盧比。
50
Before buying, he assesses the buds closely to determine if the size will be worth the price.
購買前，他會仔細評估花苞，判斷其大小是否與價格相符。
51
When the sun has set, Raja's employees begin unloading bags full of jasmine buds back at the factory.
太陽落山後，拉賈的工人們回到工廠，開始卸下一袋袋裝滿茉莉花蕾的袋子。
52
The first step is to spread them out with rakes, and then again with their hands and feet.
第一步先用耙子把它們攤開，之後再用手腳把它們扒散鋪平。
53
Spreading out the buds is crucial to preserving them.
將花蕾攤開擺放對儲存它們至關重要。
54
Leaving them in a big pile would generate heat, which would again cause them to wilt.
把它們堆成一大堆會產生熱量，這又會導致它們枯萎。
55
Then Rajasthin waits until the flowers begin to bloom.
隨後，拉賈斯坦便靜待花朵開始綻放。
56
The minute it starts blooming, it starts emitting the fragrance.
它一開始開花，就會散發出香氣。
57
And then after some time, you can see it emits a bad fragrance.
過一段時間後，你會發現它散發出一股難聞的氣味。
58
So you know, there's a constant chemical reaction that's happening in the flower.
你要知道，花朵內部一直在發生著持續的化學反應。
59
For us, it's so important to capture the fragrance at the right moment, which is soon after it blooms, which is the best in terms of yield and the span.
對我們來說，在恰當的時機捕捉香氣至關重要，這個時機就是花朵剛開放後不久，此時無論是產量還是香氣的持續時間都處於最佳狀態。
60
Like several other white flowers, jasmine is rich in indole.
與其他幾種白色花卉類似，茉莉花富含吲哚。
61
Ironically, indole is found in feces too.
頗具諷刺意味的是，糞便中也含有吲哚。
62
In the case of feces, there's too much indole, so it produces an unpleasant smell.
就糞便而言，吲哚含量過高，因此會產生難聞的氣味。
63
But in limited amounts, it creates an appealing aroma, as it does with jasmine.
但只要用量適中，它就能散發出迷人的香氣，就像茉莉花一樣。
64
When the jasmine has bloomed, Raja's team loads the flowers into four 5 ,000 -liter extractors.
當茉莉花開時，拉賈的團隊會將花朵裝入四臺5000升的萃取機中。
65
The flowers then soak in a solvent.
隨後這些花會被浸泡在一種溶劑中。
66
Once the solvent absorbs the smell of the flowers, they remove all of the liquid.
一旦溶劑吸收了花香，他們就會除去所有液體。
67
They're left with this waxy, hard substance called concrete.
最後他們得到的是一種被稱為混凝土的蠟狀硬質物質。
68
It's what Raja uses to finally extract the oil.
這就是拉賈最終用來提取油的東西。
69
You add alcohol into the concrete and then the concrete is separated off the waxes, it's filtered, and then we get the absolute.
你往混凝土裡加入酒精，之後混凝土會與蠟質分離，經過過濾，我們就能得到純精油。
70
Jasmine sambac is the most coveted of all jasmine flowers, hence the high price.
茉莉（Jasmine sambac）是所有茉莉品種中最受追捧的，因此價格也居高不下。
71
At its peak, jasmine sambac flowers can cost 10 times more than other types of jasmine.
在價格高峰期，茉莉（Jasminum sambac）的售價可以達到其他品種茉莉花的十倍。
72
And when it comes to the final price of the oil, the majority of it depends on the cost of the flower itself.
至於精油的最終價格，絕大部分取決於花材本身的成本。
73
About 60 percent, the bulk of the cost, is attributed towards the flower cost itself.
約60%的成本，也就是其中的主要部分，來自鮮花本身的費用。
74
So it varies depending on the price of the flowers every year.
所以每年的價格會因花卉的價格而有所不同。
75
The cost of one kilo of concrete is around $2 ,750 to $3 ,000.
一公斤混凝土的成本約為2750至3000美元。
76
And the absolute is almost a double, like $5 ,500 plus per kilo of absolute.
而淨油的價格幾乎翻倍，每公斤淨油的價格高達5500美元以上。
77
But jasmine sambac oil wasn't always this valuable.
但茉莉精油並非一直都這麼貴重。
78
In fact, Raja says it was rarely harvested before the launch of Dior's Jador fragrance.
拉賈表示，事實上，在迪奧的 J'adore 香水推出之前，這種原料很少被採摘。
79
That was when the sambac became the inthic.
就在那時，茉莉香開始成為印蒂克香。
80
Before that, sambac was grown in India, but it was not really extracted.
在此之前，阿拉伯茉莉在印度已有種植，但並未真正進行萃取。
81
Today, jasmine oil extracts travel from India all the way to Paris, where they will be used in many high -end fragrances, particularly at Guerlain.
如今，茉莉精油提取物從印度一路運往巴黎，用於調配多款高階香水，嬌蘭尤其常用這類原料。
82
Guerlain sources jasmine sambac oil directly from Raja.
嬌蘭直接從拉賈處採購茉莉精油。
83
The signature of the house is made with jasmine and five other ingredients.
這款招牌特調採用茉莉花與另外五種原料調配而成。
84
So jasmine is almost everywhere.
所以茉莉花幾乎隨處可見。
85
The company produces all of its fragrance blends in -house, including Mont Guerlain.
該公司所有的香調配方均由內部生產，包括Mont Guerlain。
86
Jasmine sambac is the star of Mont Guerlain.
毛茉莉是嬌蘭蒙茉莉香水的核心香調。
87
You have the top note of lavender.
你能聞到薰衣草的前調。
88
Blend then in the jasmine sambac florals you enjoy.
接著加入你喜歡的茉莉鮮花混合均勻。
89
Then comes the sandalwood and the vanilla.
隨後是檀香與香草的氣息。
90
This is such a soft and beautiful fragrance.
這款香調非常柔和動人。
91
You know, it's weird.
你知道嗎，這有點奇怪。
92
Sometimes you even surprise yourself smelling memories.
有時，當那些回憶隨著氣味湧上心頭，連你自己都會感到驚訝。
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這段影片共有 92 個句子、1100 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 9:09。 說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 120 個詞，很適合跟讀。 只有 73% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| jasmine 名詞 | /ˈd͡ʒæzmɪn/ | 茉莉花, 茉莉 |
| flower 名詞 | /ˈfloʊɚ/ | хуа, хуар |
| bud 名詞 | /bʌd/ | 芽 |
| fragrance 名詞 | /ˈfɹeɪɡɹən(t)s/ | 香味, 芬芳 |
| harvest 名詞 | /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/ | 收穫 /收穫 |
| concrete 形容詞 | /ˌkɑnˈkɹit/ | 切實的 /切實的, 具體的 /具體的 |
| scent 名詞 | /sɛnt/ | 香味, 香水 |
| extract 名詞 | /ˈɛkstɹækt/ | 精 |
| collect 動詞 | /ˈkɑlɪkt/ | 庋藏, 收藏 |
| depend 動詞 | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | 信任, 信賴 /信賴 |
| floral 形容詞 | /ˈfloɹəl/ | 花的, 花卉的 |
| ingredient 名詞 | /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/ | 成份, 材料 |
| superior 形容詞 | /sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/ | 優越 /優越 |
| happiness 名詞 | /ˈhæpinɪs/ | 幸福, 快樂 /快樂 |
| producer 名詞 | /pɹəˈdjuːsə/ | 製作者 /製作者 |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 8 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, they're, doesn't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “th” 音: gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, thrive /θɹajv/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, occasion /əˈkeɪ̯ʒən/, luxury /ˈlʌk.ʃə.ɹi/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/, superior /sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/, practically /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.k(ə.)li/, ironically /aɪˈɹɑnɪkli/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 jasmine, flower, bud 這類單詞。
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | been considered · is considered · must be done |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | has been · It's been considered · has trained |
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。