Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: building an app is easy, actually
Đang tạo bài học...
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Usually when people talk about building apps on here, and by here I mean like on YouTube, they always advertise it as a method to make money.
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Which is a little ironic because YouTube itself wasn't even a profitable app until around 2014.
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In fact, most apps nowadays aren't profitable unless they're B2B or business-to-business, meaning you're selling to people who themselves are selling to people.
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So I find it kind of funny when people claim
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that you can drop out of school or quit your job and just build apps for a living.
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because yeah you can build apps for a living
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but you'll be building them for a tech company
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or a bank at a job or you could just quit your job
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and build apps and not make a living
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or you could quit your job and make a living
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but you won't be building apps I'm not saying it's impossible
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to make a living I'm just saying that's not possible and even
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if you do get to do all three at the same time be careful what you wish for
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so let's just make an app that actually does something useful for fun
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because we want to because that's the best way to to learn anyway.
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I assume somewhere on your laptop right now is a PDF you haven't read.
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Maybe it's a research paper you bookmarked and forgot, but me no want open PDF and read word.
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We want stimulating activity.
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So how do you actually just sit down and read a PDF fast?
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The solution is a technique you've probably seen before, called RSVP, Rapid Serial Visual Presentation, where instead of moving your eyes left to right to read something,
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you just have the words flash on screen really fast one
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or two words at a time even faster than you could say them out loud.
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Normally the fastest a human can read is around 250 words per minute but this technique can get you to read 350,
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400 or even 500 words per minute without any previous training.
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Now let me just say there are plenty of free apps out there where you can paste in some text
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and it will flash each word on the screen one at a time for you
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but so far I haven't found anything that's both free and works on PDFs.
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So how about we build one?
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And let's call it Read Faster, because I was going to make a creative name, but then I realized half of the most downloaded apps on Google Play don't have creative names.
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So why bother?
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Now that you have the idea for the app and the name, you might feel a little underprepared.
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But many tech startups, in order to become truly billion-dollar companies, go through a long period of aggressively spending money from outside investors to grow.
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During the losing money stage, these startups are called pre-profit.
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Some tech startups don't even charge money yet, which makes them pre-revenue.
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Some are still working on the actual app and haven't released it yet, which makes them pre-launch.
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Some haven't even started working on the app and just have a PowerPoint presentation on what the app would do.
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This is known as pre-product.
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Lastly, some startups don't even know what the app would be about, just that it's going to use AI.
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This is known as pre-idea and it's about where 99% of startups are, so the fact that you have an idea already puts you way ahead.
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Now even though you might want to get to blindly vibe coding the app straight away, the components of an app are actually pretty easy to understand, so I think you might as well learn them.
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First, you need a UI or user interface, also known as a front end.
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This is all of the buttons and screens that the user will see and interact with on the app.
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The UI for your app will be slightly different when it's on the web versus iOS versus Android.
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Next, you may need a server-side framework, also known as a backend.
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This is what will manage all the data for a user
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so that they can make an account or use the same app across multiple devices.
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For example, let's say you make an app like Tinder
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that requires people to make an account and five people download your app.
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In order for them to sign in, you need some type of server that, somewhere, keeps track of all their passwords and data and who they matched with and what their current Tinder ELO is.
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Every time someone logs in, they have to talk to the server first.
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If you want this to happen, you need to code a backend.
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But if it's just a game like Flappy Bird, where no one has an account, and there's no leaderboard, and the only data it tracks is the highest score each person has on their phone, then you don't need to make a backend.
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Flappy Bird would be considered an entirely front-end app.
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The last thing is packaging and publishing.
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This just means combining all the code into a format that a phone or web browser can understand.
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and then you just publish to the App Store or Google Play, or it could even just run on a website.
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Now that we at least understand what's happening, we can vibe code the app.
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Well, maybe not you, maybe you're an actual coder, but I will vibe code using Bolt, which is just a free option that used to be popular, but may or may not be completely obsolete in two months.
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Never mind, it's already obsolete.
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Okay, so instead we're going to use Google AI Studio to build the app.
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You can write a prompt here for the app, which obviously I'm going to ask Claude to write.
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I'm going to give it the app requirements, and then the framework I want it to use, and then the single design requirement.
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A framework is just a pre-written set of tools, libraries, and other stuff that just makes your app logic standardized, easier to code, more secure, and a lot more reliable.
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The technology we'll use is the free Kotlin multi-platform made by JetBrains.
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You may have heard the Kotlin programming language before, but this is a technology that's multi-platform, meaning it allows you to write code once and deploy it to Android,
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iOS, desktop, to a server, and the web just from one code base.
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In a multi-platform architecture, your app's divided into two pieces.
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The first is the shared logic.
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For us, that's the logic for the program to read the PDF, to sequence the words, to calculate the words per minute and the timing of each word.
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Basically, everything that is done behind the scenes to flash the words on the screen.
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That code is written once in Kotlin and runs on every platform.
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So you only have to maintain one thing, just one code base.
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The second piece is the UI.
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With Compose Multi-Platform, JetBrains' declarative UI framework, which works across Android, iOS, desktop, and web, you write the UI once and it renders natively everywhere.
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Meaning everywhere, the app can run smoothly and without any lag.
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The recommended way to set this up is to download IntelliJ IDEA, which is a coding workspace.
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This is where you'll be writing all your code.
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Then you just go to plugins and download the one called Kotlin Multiplatform.
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After this, the template and starter files will already be there for you.
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So you already have the skeleton.
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Now you just have to code.
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And if you've never written Kotlin before, imagine Java, but about 40% less code.
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You can code an app just once and you could ship it out to run cleanly on any platform.
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If you're really getting into app development, you probably want to try this out, so check the description.
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By now, Google AI Studio should have fully generated the app
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and now you could preview it and you could also look at all the code.
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Once we've previewed it and tried it and we see that it works, the next step is to thoroughly test the app across various cases,
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various inputs, and all kinds of button presses to make sure that there are no bugs.
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After completely ignoring that step, we move on to deployment.
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Well, okay, you're not supposed to completely ignore testing, but personally, I feel like playing around with the preview you get is enough testing.
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Now it's time to deploy, which means put the app out on the internet for anyone to use slash install.
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In our case, we'll deploy it to the web
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because it costs money to get your app on the App Store or Google Play, and I know you don't want to do that.
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Now, you could deploy straight to Google Cloud.
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That's what Google wants you to do.
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That's why it's the only option when you click the big publish button.
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And technically, Google does give out $300 of free Google Cloud credit to everyone.
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So you technically don't have to pay, but still requires you to put in your credit card information.
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And I know you don't want to do that.
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Anyway, we're not going to deploy with Google Cloud.
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We're going to deploy using Vercel, which is free.
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Vercel basically hosts the app on the web so
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that Someone across the world can type in the link to your app and access it online and use it.
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Before that, one thing you might want to do first is go to the code tab here, and then on the right, you can download all the code as a zip file in
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case you want to work on it later inside an actual code editor and not Google AI Studio.
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But if you don't feel like downloading the code, you don't have to.
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Now to deploy with Vercel, we first need to use GitHub as a middleman.
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Just hit the settings button in the top right and keep scrolling right until you get to GitHub.
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Now, just sync your code to GitHub.
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Make a GitHub account if you need to.
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It probably takes under a minute, like I made a new account just for this.
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And then you follow the steps to transfer your code from Google AI Studio over to GitHub, which should be quick.
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Once all that is finished, you now have a GitHub repository that is storing all your code for the app.
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Now search up Vercel, make an account, and then click Start Deploying.
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Copy your link to your GitHub repository and paste it here.
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And then follow all the steps after that until eventually you can click the final button and deploy your app.
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Pretty soon it'll finish deploying and now you plus anyone else can access and use the app on the web.
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This app doesn't actually have a backend.
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So it doesn't store any user data.
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It doesn't need you to log in.
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And it would have done it using Firebase, which is just a Google-owned service that'll take care of everything you need for databases,
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authentication, cloud functions, sending notifications, stuff like that.
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All you have to do is click yes when it asks you if you want to use Firebase.
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And now you have a backend.
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Anyway, there's no steps left, besides maybe improving your app if you want to.
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But other than that, it's done.
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Use it once and forget about it.
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Tell your friends who don't care about it.
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Add it to your resume.
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They'll get auto rejected by the AI screening system anyway, whatever you want to do with it.
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You can even LARP as an actual software developer.
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I know I will.
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói trình độ B2 này dựa trên video “building an app is easy, actually”. Những từ được nhắc lại nhiều nhất trong bài: app, code, Google, word, deploy. Video này có 132 câu và 1984 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 9:12. Người nói nói nhanh, khoảng 216 từ mỗi phút, nên sẽ có nhiều chỗ nối âm và nuốt âm. 85% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ khó nhất trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| vibe danh từ | /vaɪb/ | cảm giác |
| publish động từ | /ˈpʌblɪʃ/ | xuất bản |
| obsolete tính từ | /ˈɑbsəlit/ | lỗi thời, mai một |
| pasta danh từ | /ˈpɑ.stə/ | mì ống |
| desktop danh từ | /ˈdɛsktɒp/ | máy tính để bàn |
| authentication danh từ | /ɔːˌθɛntɪˈkeɪʃn̩/ | xác thực |
| bookmark danh từ | /ˈbʊkmɑːɹk/ | thẻ đánh dấu |
| workspace danh từ | /ˈwɝkˌspeɪs/ | không gian làm việc |
| template danh từ | /ˈtɛm.plɪt/ | bản mẫu, khuôn mẫu |
| skeleton danh từ | /ˈskɛlətən/ | bộ xương |
| scroll danh từ | /skɹoʊl/ | cuộn, cuốn |
| calculate động từ | /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/ | tính toán, tính |
| automobile danh từ | /ˈɔː.tə.məˌbil/ | xe hơi, ô tô |
| investor danh từ | /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/ | người đầu tư |
| interact động từ | /ɪn.təˈɹækt/ | tương tác |
Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe
| Từ | Nghĩa |
|---|---|
| sit down động từ | ngồi xuống, ngồi |
Những câu đáng luyện lại
Các câu ngắn, trọn ý trong video mà bạn có thể dùng lại khi giao tiếp hằng ngày:
- This is where you'll be writing all your code.
- It doesn't need you to log in.
- Tell your friends who don't care about it.
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật | people who themselves · yet, which makes · Bolt, which is |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | haven't read · you've probably seen · haven't found |
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | are called · is known · would be considered |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 42 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ don't, haven't, I'm. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: authentication /ɔːˌθɛntɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/, thoroughly /ˈθʌɹ.ə.li/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/, authentication /ɔːˌθɛntɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: repository /ɹɪˈpɒz.ɪ.t(ə.)ɹɪ/, technically /ˈtɛk.nɪˌkəl.i/, authentication /ɔːˌθɛntɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, declarative /dɪˈklæɹ.ə.tɪv/, notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/
Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:
- Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: bookmark /ˈbʊkmɑːɹk/, sync /sɪŋk/, prompt /pɹɑmpt/, deployment /dɪˈplɔɪmənt/, interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/
- Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: declarative /dɪˈklæɹ.ə.tɪv/, middleman [ˈmɪdɫ̩ˌmæn], advertise /ˈædvɚˌtaɪ̯z/, lastly /ˈlæstli/, calculate /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/
- Phụ âm cuối — bật rõ âm cuối của từ: startup /ˈstɑɹtˌʌp/, vibe /vaɪb/, publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/, obsolete /ˈɑbsəlit/, desktop /ˈdɛsktɒp/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như vibe, publish, obsolete.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.