Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: How to Not Waste Your Life (Stop Getting Distracted)
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1
Hey friends, welcome back to the channel.
Chào các bạn, chào mừng đã quay trở lại kênh của tôi.
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So we often think that the opposite of distraction is focus, but this isn't actually true.
Vì vậy, chúng ta thường nghĩ rằng sự đối lập với sự xao nhãng là sự tập trung, nhưng điều này thực ra không đúng.
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The opposite of distraction is traction.
Điều ngược lại với sự xao nhãng là sự tập trung.
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And what's really cool about these two words is that they both end in the same six letters, which means that distraction is any action that pulls you away from your goals,
Và điều thực sự thú vị về hai từ này là cả hai đều kết thúc bằng sáu chữ cái giống nhau, có nghĩa là sự xao nhãng là bất kỳ hành động nào kéo bạn ra khỏi mục tiêu của mình,
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and traction is any action that pulls you towards your goals.
và sự kéo tiến là bất kỳ hành động nào kéo bạn đến gần hơn với mục tiêu của mình.
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Now this is something I came across when I first read the incredible book Indistractable by Nir Eyal.
Đây là điều tôi tình cờ biết đến khi lần đầu đọc cuốn sách tuyệt vời Indistractable của Nir Eyal.
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I've taken a lot of advice from that book myself personally, and I And I recently had a wonderful conversation with Nir all about how to become indistractable.
Tôi bản thân cũng đã áp dụng rất nhiều lời khuyên từ cuốn sách đó, và gần đây tôi đã có một cuộc trò chuyện tuyệt vời với Nir về cách để trở thành người không bị phân tâm.
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So we constantly lie to ourselves.
Vì vậy, chúng ta liên tục tự lừa dối bản thân.
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And what that means is that we look back on our lives and we are full of regret.
Và điều đó có nghĩa là khi nhìn lại cuộc đời mình, chúng ta tràn đầy sự hối tiếc.
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We said we should have done that thing.
Chúng tôi đã nói rằng đáng lẽ chúng ta phải làm việc đó.
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We should have started the business.
Chúng ta đáng lẽ đã bắt đầu kinh doanh rồi.
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We should have written the book.
Chúng ta đáng lẽ đã viết cuốn sách đó rồi.
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We should have started the podcast.
Chúng ta đáng lẽ đã bắt đầu chương trình podcast rồi.
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We should have started YouTubing, whatever the case might be.
Dù thế nào đi nữa, chúng ta đáng lẽ đã bắt đầu làm YouTube từ lâu rồi.
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But we didn't do it.
Nhưng chúng tôi đã không làm điều đó.
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We got distracted.
Chúng tôi đã bị phân tâm.
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So being indistractable is about doing what you say you're going to do.
Vì vậy, khả năng không bị phân tâm chính là việc làm đúng những gì bạn đã nói mình sẽ làm.
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Nir is in his 40s now, and he's in an amazing shape with six-pack abs.
Bây giờ Nir đã ngoài bốn mươi tuổi, nhưng anh ấy có thể trạng tuyệt vời với cơ bụng sáu múi.
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He's got a great family he thinks very intentionally about what he wants in his life, but it actually took near five years to write the book because ironically, he kept on getting distracted.
Anh ấy có một gia đình tuyệt vời, anh ấy luôn suy nghĩ rất kỹ lưỡng về những điều mình muốn trong cuộc sống, nhưng thực tế phải mất gần năm năm để hoàn thành cuốn sách, bởi vì trớ trêu thay, anh ấy liên tục bị phân tâm.
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So partly he wrote the book to find out for himself how he could become indistractable, both when doing day-to-day tasks and also on big long-term projects.
Vì vậy, một phần lý do ông viết cuốn sách là để tự mình tìm hiểu làm thế nào để không bị phân tâm, cả khi thực hiện các công việc hàng ngày lẫn khi làm các dự án lớn dài hạn.
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And in this video, we're gonna be breaking down the four key elements of the indistractability model, which is all about doing more traction and less distraction, perhaps unsurprisingly.
Và trong video này, chúng ta sẽ phân tích bốn yếu tố chính của mô hình không bị phân tâm, một mô hình mà mục tiêu chính là tăng hiệu suất làm việc và giảm thiểu sự xao nhãng, điều này có lẽ không có gì đáng ngạc nhiên.
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Principle number one, the 10 minute rule.
Nguyên tắc số một, quy tắc 10 phút.
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So a lot of us think that the reason why we're
Vì vậy, nhiều người trong chúng ta nghĩ rằng lý do chúng ta
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so distracted is because of our phones and emails and work and kids and all of those things around us.
chúng ta bị phân tâm quá nhiều là vì điện thoại, email, công việc, con cái và tất cả những thứ xung quanh chúng ta.
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But according to Nir's research, this is actually a myth, because external triggers only account for around 10% of our distractions.
Tuy nhiên, theo nghiên cứu của Nir, đây thực chất chỉ là một huyền thoại, vì các yếu tố kích thích từ bên ngoài chỉ chiếm khoảng 10% số lượng sự phân tâm của chúng ta.
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Instead, 90% of our distraction is caused by internal triggers.
Thay vào đó, 90% sự xao nhãng của chúng ta là do các yếu tố kích thích từ bên trong gây ra.
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What are internal triggers?
Các yếu tố kích hoạt bên trong là gì?
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Internal triggers are uncomfortable emotional states that we seek to escape.
Các yếu tố kích hoạt nội bộ là những trạng thái cảm xúc khó chịu mà chúng ta tìm cách thoát khỏi.
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Boredom, loneliness, fatigue, uncertainty, anxiety.
Sự nhàm chán, cô đơn, mệt mỏi, bất định và lo âu.
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These are these uncomfortable sensations that we look to escape many times with distraction.
Đây là những cảm giác khó chịu mà nhiều lúc chúng ta tìm cách thoát khỏi bằng sự xao nhãng.
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So the research shows that we are more motivated to avoid pain than we are to seek pleasure.
Vì vậy, nghiên cứu cho thấy chúng ta có động lực tránh nỗi đau mạnh hơn là tìm kiếm niềm vui.
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This is something called prospect theory, and it explains why you care more about not losing $100 than you do about winning $100.
Đây là một lý thuyết có tên là lý thuyết triển vọng, và nó giải thích tại sao bạn lại quan tâm nhiều hơn đến việc không bị mất 100 đô la so với việc giành được 100 đô la.
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Rationally, it's the same thing.
Về mặt lý trí, đó là cùng một chuyện.
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You either win $100 or you don't lose $100.
Hoặc bạn thắng được 100 đô la, hoặc bạn không bị mất 100 đô la.
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But there's something about losing stuff, experiencing that pain that makes us feel very motivated to avoid that.
Nhưng có một điều gì đó về việc mất mát thứ gì đó, trải qua nỗi đau đó lại khiến chúng ta cảm thấy rất có động lực để tránh điều đó.
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So like what Nir said, internal triggers are uncomfortable emotional states that we are trying to avoid.
Như Nir đã nói, các yếu tố kích hoạt bên trong là những trạng thái cảm xúc khó chịu mà chúng ta đang cố gắng né tránh.
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And so if we want to become indistractable, we need to get way better at taking control of our internal triggers.
Vì vậy, nếu muốn trở thành người không bị phân tâm, chúng ta cần phải kiểm soát các yếu tố kích thích bên trong mình tốt hơn nhiều.
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And there are loads of techniques that Neo talks about in his book about this, but one of the key ones is the 10-minute rule.
Và có rất nhiều kỹ thuật mà Neo đề cập trong sách của mình về vấn đề này, nhưng một trong những kỹ thuật quan trọng nhất là quy tắc 10 phút.
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The 10-minute rule says that you can give in to any distraction, whatever that distraction might be, whether you're on a diet and you're trying to resist that chocolate cake, whether you're trying to quit smoking,
Quy tắc 10 phút nói rằng bạn có thể nhượng bộ bất kỳ sự xao nhãng nào, bất kể sự xao nhãng đó là gì, cho dù bạn đang ăn kiêng và đang cố gắng chống lại chiếc bánh sô cô la đó, hay cho dù bạn đang cố gắng bỏ hút thuốc.
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whether you're trying to not check your phone every five minutes
dù bạn đang cố gắng không kiểm tra điện thoại cứ mỗi năm phút một lần
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when you're trying to be with your family or do a work project.
khi bạn đang cố gắng dành thời gian cho gia đình hoặc thực hiện một dự án công việc.
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You can give in to that distraction, but not right now, in 10 minutes.
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And if 10 minutes is too long, make it the five minute rule.
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It doesn't really matter.
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So next time you feel distracted, try procrastinating from that distraction for just 10 minutes.
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Now, in those 10 minutes, you can do a couple of things.
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You can firstly choose to get back to whatever you were doing before you got distracted.
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Or alternatively, you can use that time to surf the urge.
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And this is where we acknowledge that emotions come in waves.
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And you sort of explore why that feeling came about in the first place.
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And a key action point here is to create what Nier calls a distraction notebook.
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So most people have no sense of why they got distracted.
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They all of a sudden find the cigarettes in their hand.
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They all of a sudden find the phone, you know, they're scrolling on TikTok or whatever without realizing what was the preceding internal trigger.
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So a distraction notebook is a way for you to start bringing awareness to what is
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that preceding emotion that you are trying to escape.
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He recommends actually doing this on pen and paper
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or keeping it written down somewhere rather than just doing it in your head, but you can do it in your head if you want.
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Basically, it's a good way to keep track of those internal triggers that cause you to become distracted.
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And then obviously you can put steps in place to avoid that thing distracting you again in the future.
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Hopefully.
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Now in the rest of this video, we're going to talk about three other things, but if you're the sort of person who gets distracted, you're also probably the sort of person who's not going to watch the rest of this video.
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So I'm telling you now, if you just take one thing away from this video, it is to recognize that practically all of the time, 90% of the time, when you're getting distracted,
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it's because there is some kind of emotional state that you are trying to avoid.
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And just having that knowledge, that appreciation that you are a little bitch, no, not that.
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And just having that knowledge, and just having that knowledge can help you actually figure out, like what's the source of that emotion?
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Why is that emotion happening?
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What's the narrative you're telling yourself about the emotion?
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Feelings are not facts, as various people on the internet famously say, which is kind of true, feelings are not facts.
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The feeling is caused by some kind of internal sensation, and then you're telling yourself some sort of narrative or some sort of story, which is then precipitating that specific feeling,
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And that negative emotion is the thing that you're trying to avoid when you get distracted.
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So if you just remember that, feel free to click off this video, scroll TikTok instead.
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But if that's the thing that you take away from this video, this video will have been totally worth it.
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But okay, if you're still with me, then we know that internal triggers are not 100% of the problem.
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There is another 10%.
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And if we wanna solve the other 10% of distraction, then we've got to think about two other causes of distraction.
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That is firstly, planning problems, and secondly, external triggers.
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Principle number two, the willpower myth.
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OK, so aside from all of these internal triggers, there are lots of other external triggers that also pull us away from traction, like phones and computers and TV shows and work emails and meetings and the whole shebang.
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And I've made a bunch of videos specifically on how to deal with some of these external triggers, like phone addiction and stuff.
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But one of the really interesting things that Nir
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and I talked about was willpower and whether
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or not willpower is really something that runs out towards the end of the day like some people think it does.
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So there is this popular notion that willpower is a limited resource.
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And this came out of some research done several years ago now around this concept called ego depletion.
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Ego depletion says that we run out of willpower, just like we would run out of battery charge on our phone or gas in our gas tank, that it's a depletable resource.
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And this got a lot of press because it's kind of a concept people want to believe.
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This original study on ego depletion was published in 1998 by a psychologist called Roy Baumeister.
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And a lot of people subscribe to this idea of willpower being a limited resource because it's a comforting thought.
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It allows us to say that, oh man, I'm just so tired by the end of the day.
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My willpower has run out.
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I get so drained at work by my boss or by life or by circumstances or by the weather or by whatever.
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My willpower has run out.
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And so I have to watch Netflix in the evening.
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It's not my fault that I'm not actually making progress on my goals
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and instead I'm just scrolling TikTok and Instagram and all that kind of stuff.
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It's not my fault, it's that my willpower has run out.
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But it turns out actually that the results from this original 1998 study have been totally debunked.
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Turns out that this idea of ego depletion, that we run out of willpower like gas in a gas tank, turns out not to be true.
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Except in one group of people.
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There's actually one group of people who really do run out of willpower.
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They really do spend it up.
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And those people, and only those people, and this work was done by Carol Dweck, I'm sure you know her work, her wonderful book called Mindset.
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And she found that the only group of people who run out of willpower
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are people who believe that willpower is a depletable resource.
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So if you think that you run out of willpower by the end of the day, then your body and mind will behave in that way.
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If you just choose to believe that willpower is not a depletable resource, and actually you can always muster up willpower and discipline whenever you feel like it, then it's not really going to become a problem.
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The word addiction comes from the Latin addictio, which means slave.
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So when you say to yourself, I am a slave, I am addicted, I have no more willpower, I'm spent, you're making it true.
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And so we have to be very, very careful about these labels and make sure
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that we only adopt the labels that serve us rather than the ones that hurt us.
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By the way, if you are enjoying this video, then you might like to check out my completely free seven day Focus Crash Course.
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It's completely free and it's a series of seven emails that I'll send you each day that each have some evidence-based principles, strategies, and tools that you can use to improve your focus as well.
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And the reason we've put that together is because whenever I pull the audience and ask, what are you guys struggling with, focus and consistency seems to be the highest thing on that list basically all the time.
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And so we thought, you know what, let's just turn this into a bit of an email course
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because there is so much to share and so many strategies that are really helpful when it comes to focus.
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So if you're interested, it's completely free.
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You can sign up, you can unsubscribe whenever you want.
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Head over to focuscrashcourse.com or hit the link in the video description.
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All right, principle number three is attraction timeboxing.
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Everything is a distraction unless you plan your time.
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So unlike a to-do list, which is just a register of things you want to have done, when you time box, and I didn't make up this technique.
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It's been around for a long time.
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It's called setting an implementation intention.
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It's the most widely studied technique that far too few people use.
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It's basically saying, here's what I'm going to do and when I'm going to do it.
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So the issue with to-do lists is that
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when you write a to-do list and then you tick things off one by one, then you can't plan, firstly, how much time it will take you to complete the task, and secondly, how much attention you actually need for the task.
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But the idea of traction time boxing is
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that it lets you track both of these inputs
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because traction time boxing is basically a fancy way of describing putting stuff in your calendar and like actually doing it.
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I discovered this when I was at university and I realized that I sucked at managing my time.
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And then I started using a calendar and actually just time boxing things
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and actually trying to plan my week at the start of the week and figuring out, okay, when do I need to allocate time for my essays?
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When am I gonna work on my side hustle business?
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That's gonna go in the calendar.
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And that just helped me really become way more effective with how I use my time.
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And it wasn't that I was sort of planning every single moment of the day
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because I also had a very social life at uni
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and hung out with friends playing board games until four in the morning way too often.
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But it let me sort of juggle all these different things.
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And it still just amazes me how few people actually use a calendar.
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When people get into the professional workplace, everyone has to use a calendar because it's how meetings are organized and stuff.
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But using a calendar for your personal life as well, and also using a calendar for any side hustle-y type goals that you wanna work towards, whether that's starting a YouTube channel or a business,
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or even just, I don't know, watching the top 50 movies on IMDb, actually just putting those into your calendar timeboxing it really helps you make the most out of your time.
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And so when you budget those things, your time and attention, the new metric isn't did I finish?
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The new metric is did I do what I said I
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was going to do for as long as I said I would without distraction?
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Whether that's being with my family, whether that's playing video games, whether that's working on a big project.
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Did I do what I said I was going to do for as long as I said I would without distraction?
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Because that is the only way to have a feedback loop.
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Now over time you get better at estimating how much time and attention these different things in your calendar need, and that way you can keep on improving at it over time.
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But the most important takeaway is that everything in your calendar should ideally be traction, so actions that pull you towards your goals rather than distraction.
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Now, sometimes people don't like this.
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Sometimes people will say that, well, if you time block everything, then that's like toxic productivity, and where's the spontaneity, and where's the fun?
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And I'm like, no, that's not how it works.
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You can absolutely time box your evenings, for example, to be fully present with your partner.
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You can time box a whole Wednesday evening for a solo relaxation evening, which is what I do on Wednesday evenings.
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I don't care what your goals are.
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The thing that I care about that I would love to happen is that you use your time, which is the single most valuable non-renewable resource that we have.
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You use that time towards things that you actually care about doing.
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You don't use that time, ideally, just scrolling a random app based on what the engineers who get paid stupid amounts of money at Facebook
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and at TikTok and at Instagram and stuff, instead of letting them decide what you're doing with your most valuable asset on this planet,
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you decide yourself what you'd like to do with your most valuable asset on this planet, i.e. your time.
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And if that means being on TikTok and chilling out, watching Netflix, watching Disney+, whatever you want, great, fantastic.
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As long as you have made that decision, then I'm happy.
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Cool.
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Principle number four, the rule of pacts.
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Okay, so there are three types of pacts that we can use to help become more indistractable.
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Price, effort, and identity.
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So firstly, price pacts involve money.
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Now, this part of the conversation, Nir told me about his burn or burn technique when he came to working out.
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Now, Nir used to be pretty overweight, and now he's become absolutely ripped.
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And apparently, the way he did this was that he taped a $100 note to his mirror.
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And when he looked at that mirror every single day, he made a decision.
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I can either burn some calories by doing some pushups, going for a walk around the block,
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going for a swim, doing some kind of exercise every day to burn calories, or I have to burn the $100 bill.
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And to this day, Nir has never broken this price pact.
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And he actually even did the same thing when writing the book, Indistractable.
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If he didn't write the book by a certain date, then he owed someone $20,000.
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But of course, he managed to write the book, and so he never actually had to pay the money.
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OK, secondly, we have effort pacts, which is where you put a bit of friction between you and the distraction.
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So for example, Nir has set it so that his internet automatically turns off at 10 PM every single day.
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Yeah, he could always go and turn the router back on
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and unplug the Amazon Alexa switch or whatever the thing is that's turning it off.
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But that would take effort to do and he has to really think about it.
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And then he has to really think about whether he actually wants to use the internet after 10 p.m.
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This is the same reason why I've installed an app called Opal, which is very good.
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And I set it so that it blocks all social media apps after 10 p.m and before 9 a.m.
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So when it gets to nighttime and I'm sitting on the toilet, scrolling through my phone and I'm like, huh, you know what?
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I'm just habitually gonna go on Instagram Reels.
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I can't because Instagram is blocked.
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And I think, well, what if I just watch a YouTube video?
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And I can't because YouTube is blocked as well.
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And then sometimes I think, you know, I should have Instagram unblocked because I need, obviously need to post an Instagram story at 11.30 PM.
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And then I got Opal and then, you know, you can always unblock the apps, but you have to wait like 30 seconds.
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And in that 30 seconds, I'm like, do I really need to post this Instagram story at 11.30?
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Why don't I just go to sleep?
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I can wake up early.
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I can have a nice morning.
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I'll be a bit more refreshed and energized and stuff.
220
And so I ended up not going on social media, anywhere near as much as I used to
221
because I've now set this app to automatically block these offending apps between 10 PM
222
and 9 AM and I'd recommend you do it as well.
223
There's literally no reason to ever allow yourself to even click on a social media app
224
when it's nighttime and your primary goal is to sleep, hopefully.
225
And then thirdly, we have identity pacts.
226
Now, if you give yourself an identity, you are much more likely to actually do something.
227
So using that technique to our advantage, by actually having a moniker, by having an identity, this is why the book is called Indistractable.
228
Indistractable is meant to sound like indestructible.
229
It's who you are.
230
So when you have this identity, it makes you much more likely to follow through.
231
This comes from the psychology of religion, in fact, that when someone calls themselves a member of a particular faith, they're much more likely to act in accordance.
232
And reinforcing this identity of being indestructible, this can be your superpower.
233
Now, there's something really cool that I heard from Tony Robbins a few years ago, which is that the strongest force in human personality is the need to stay consistent with how we think of ourselves.
234
So if you define yourself, or if your identity is that of someone who procrastinates, or I'm a procrastinator, then you're going to continue being a procrastinator.
235
If your identity is, oh, I'm a gamer and I have to get through school on the side, then you're going to struggle to ever do your work.
236
If your identity is that of a writer, you're much more likely to write.
237
If your identity is that of a YouTuber, you're much more likely to create videos.
238
If your identity is that of a healthy person, you're going to go to the gym.
239
And if your identity is that of someone who really struggles to go to the gym
240
or to stay in good shape and work out and stuff, you're going to struggle with that.
241
This is also something James Clear talks about in Atomic Habits.
242
Identity-based behavior your change is a lot easier than focusing on the tactics.
243
It's much easier when you can make your habits consistent with the identity
244
that you want to have and actually like sign up yourself into actually having that identity.
245
Okay, so those were the four elements of Nier's indistractability model.
246
You should totally check out the book.
247
It is really good.
248
But if you're maybe struggling with some of these external triggers, like spending a lot of time on your phone, then you might like to check out this video here where I've made a video specifically targeting phone addiction.
249
So thank you so much for watching.
250
I hope you enjoyed the video and hopefully I'll see you in the next one.
251
Bye-bye.
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói trình độ B2 này dựa trên video “How to Not Waste Your Life”. Video này có 251 câu và 4020 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 16:49. Người nói nói nhanh, khoảng 239 từ mỗi phút, nên sẽ có nhiều chỗ nối âm và nuốt âm. 85% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ khó nhất trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| pact danh từ | /pækt/ | điều ước, hiệp ước |
| scroll danh từ | /skɹoʊl/ | cuộn, cuốn |
| emotion danh từ | /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/ | cảm xúc |
| firstly trạng từ | /ˈfɜɹstli/ | trước hết, trước nhất |
| calorie danh từ | /ˈkæləɹi/ | ca-lo, ca-lo-ri |
| motivate động từ | /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/ | khích lệ, động viên |
| notebook danh từ | /ˈnoʊtˌbʊk/ | tập, vở |
| metric tính từ | /ˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ | mét |
| myth danh từ | /mɪθ/ | thần thoại |
| boredom danh từ | /ˈbɔɹ.dəm/ | nỗi buồn tẻ, nỗi buồn chán |
| memorize động từ | /ˈmɛm.əˌɹaɪ̯z/ | ghi nhớ, ghi chép |
| router danh từ | /ˈɹaʊ.tɚ/ | router, cầu dẫn |
| superpower danh từ | siêu cường, siêu cường quốc | |
| thinker danh từ | /ˈθɪŋ.kɚ/ | nhà tư tưởng |
| unplug động từ | /ʌnˈplʌɡ/ | rút |
Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| check out động từ | tính tiền, trả phòng | |
| run out động từ | hết | |
| break down động từ | hỏng, hỏng hóc | |
| wake up động từ | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | thức dậy, dậy lên |
| write down động từ | viết ra, ghi xuống |
Những câu đáng luyện lại
Các câu ngắn, trọn ý trong video mà bạn có thể dùng lại khi giao tiếp hằng ngày:
- What's the narrative you're telling yourself about the emotion?
- When am I gonna work on my side hustle business?
- I don't care what your goals are.
- Why don't I just go to sleep?
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | I've taken · I've gotten · I've even had |
| Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật | letters, which means · model, which is · person who gets |
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | is caused · was published · was done |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 89 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ you're, I'm, I've. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: myth /mɪθ/, thinker /ˈθɪŋ.kɚ/, thirdly /ˈθɚdli/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: distraction /dɪsˈtɹæk.ʃən/, traction /ˈtɹæk.ʃən/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, depletion /dɪˈpliːʃən/, addiction /əˈdɪkˌʃən/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bl̩/, indestructible /ɪndɪˈstɹʌktɪbəl/, procrastinate /pɹoʊˈkɹæs.tə.neɪt/, ideally /aɪˈdi.ə.li/, habitually /həˈbɪtju.əli/
Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:
- Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: distract /dɪˈstɹækt/, pact /pækt/, debunk /dɪˈbʌŋk/, shebang /ʃɪˈbæŋ(ɡ)/, offend /əˈfɛnd/
- Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: energize /ˈɛnəd͡ʒaɪz/, juggle /ˈd͡ʒʌɡəl/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, researcher /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/, urge /ɜːd͡ʒ/
- Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: distraction /dɪsˈtɹæk.ʃən/, distract /dɪˈstɹækt/, traction /ˈtɹæk.ʃən/, pact /pækt/, procrastinate /pɹoʊˈkɹæs.tə.neɪt/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như pact, scroll, emotion.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.