Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: I Gave the MIT Commencement Speech
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1
- This is the kind of view you only get if you engineer your graduation cap with the ability to fly.
2
I had the honor to give the MIT commencement address.
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But here's the thing.
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I really don't like public speaking 'cause I feel like it makes me more nervous than the average speaker.
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But since the main theme of my speech is about putting yourself out there to try new things in order to improve and eventually conquer them, consider my nervous stumbles just a metaobject lesson.
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So without further ado, I give you me.
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(audience applauds and cheers) Good afternoon, esteemed faculty, distinguished guests, relieved parents, bored siblings, confused pets, and of course, the 2023 graduating class of MIT.
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(audience applauds and cheers) It is indeed a warm welcome. It's hot.
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And you know what I love to do on a beautiful, sunny, 95-degree summer day?
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Wear a big, black blanket.
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(audience laughs) At least I'm up here in the shade.
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You'd think the best engineering school on the planet could design a bigger awning for everyone.
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(audience cheers) It's for next year.
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Standing here before you is weird.
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I feel this pressure to give some timeless advice that will endure, despite our world changing at an unprecedented pace.
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The world is so different even from four years ago.
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For example, for the undergrads, you are the first graduating class to have persevered through a global pandemic, just as this is the first commencement speech written entirely by ChatGPT.
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(audience laughs) The tech is still very new, so if I make any grammatical errors, or threaten to end all human life, that did not come from me, that's the robot.
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At this point, I should probably tell your parents who I am.
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I'm Mark Rober, a former Apple and NASA mechanical engineer who became a YouTuber.
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And yes, I know to some of you it sounds like I just said I quit the MBA to work at Footlocker, (audience laughs) or I traded a Picasso for an NFT of a stoned monkey.
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(audience laughs) But I wouldn't have it any other way.
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I sort of feel at home here because Buzz Aldrin went to MIT, and just like me, Buzz was a NASA engineer.
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Only Buzz stuck with it and became one of the first humans to set foot on the Moon, whereas I quit to become the first human to sprinkle porch pirates with glitter and fart spray.
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(audience laughs and cheers) It's on YouTube. Your kids will explain it at dinner.
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But whether it's seeking karmic justice for package thieves, or building an obstacle course for squirrels in my backyard, I plan my monthly YouTube videos really far out in advance.
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In fact, I've already decided what my June 2053 video will be, and it's gonna be a collab with all of you.
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It's going to be a retrospective look at all the amazing things this MIT graduating class of 2023 has accomplished.
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In fact, this right now is the video intro.
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So if you've ever wanted to be in one of my videos, this is your chance.
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(audience cheers) Now will YouTube still be around in 30 years?
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Hopefully. Unless Elon buys it.
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(audience laughs) But here's the thing.
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The degree to which you positively impact the world is the degree to which you'll be featured in the video.
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So in order to increase your chances of making the cut, I wanna give you three pieces of advice based off my life experience.
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The first bit of advice is to moisturize when giving a commencement speech.
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Is to embrace naive optimism.
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What do I mean by naive optimism?
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Actually, before I go any further, usually in my YouTube videos when I get to like, the juicy part, I'm not really used to this public speaking thing, so the music kicks in.
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So if you'll just give me a moment and hit this button, trust me, this is gonna be better for both of us.
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Here we go.
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Right here. Let's see.
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There we go. All right, that's better.
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Okay, what do I mean by naive optimism?
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Naive optimism means it's easier to be optimistic about your future when you're sort of naive about what lies ahead.
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When you don't know what you don't know.
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As an example, think back on the first week at MIT: how naive you were about the number of all-nighters and cans of Red Bull that would be required to be sitting where you are right now.
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In fact, you guys drink so much caffeine, I'm surprised you're even sitting at all.
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If you truly understood what would be required that discouragement might've prevented you from even starting.
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Sometimes it's an advantage not to be the expert with all the experience.
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There's no reputational risk, so it's easier to try new things and approach them from a fresh, first principles approach.
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Naive optimism can also help when faced with a big life decision: when you feel like you want to know the results before you decide, but the true outcome is simply unknowable.
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Naive optimism means you have the irrational confidence of a child learning to walk, or a mom learning to TikTok.
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(audience laughs) And you pick what you think is the best path and just move forward, knowing there's more than one trail that leads to the top of Mount Fuji.
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It's okay that you don't know exactly what you want to be doing 20 years from now or what you want to have accomplished.
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And by the way, even if you do know, it doesn't matter because you're wrong.
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Anyone who tells you they knew where they'd be where they're at 20 years ago is either lying or delusional or a time traveler or Pat Sajak.
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Life is like trying to cross a big flowing river with lots of rocks and boulders strewn about.
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If you want to cross the river, you have to start on the bank and look at the first several rocks in front of you.
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You can wiggle them with your toe and sort of scan a few boulders out, but at some point you've just gotta pick one and jump because the river is dynamic and always changing.
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If the first rock in this metaphor is a hobby, let curiosity and passion guide your initial step.
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If the first rock represents your professional career, take curiosity and passion into account, but you should also weigh what you're good at and what the world needs, even if the world might not know they need it yet.
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Whichever one you'd pick, the real secret is to dominate it.
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Obsessively study it from every angle. Master it.
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Now from your position and more secure footing, you can reevaluate the river, and you'll find you've got a few more rocks available that you couldn't even see from where you started so you could continue on your journey.
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Instead of putting the pressure on myself to create some master life plan, this attitude of naive optimism combined with dedication, enthusiasm, and the willingness to jump from my current safe rock to the next is what I feel has led me from college to NASA, to YouTube, to eventually landing on this rock of giving the commencement speech at MI-freaking-T.
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(audience laughs and applauds) There's no way I could have predicted that path when I was exactly in your shoes 20 years ago.
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So cross your river one rock at a time, but do it with a naive optimism that it's all going to work out.
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Let that be your North Star.
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If you actually knew how cold the river can get, or how long it takes to recover from a sprained ankle if you slipped, your knowledge might get in the way.
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So have faith in yourself.
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You're about to get a degree from MIT, so you've obviously made some pretty great decisions so far.
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So embrace your inexperience and keep taking leaps forward.
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And apologies to all the civil engineering majors who have been grumbling sitting there, saying, "If he wants to cross this river so bad, why doesn't he just build a suspension bridge?" Because it's my metaphor, all right? Back off.
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And now for some real talk.
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You're gonna take that leap of faith, land on a rock, and only then realize it's not as stable as your foot wiggle had predicted, and you're gonna fall under the river sometimes.
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That leads to my second of three pieces of advice to maximize your chance of positively impacting the world and making the video cut, which is to frame your failures.
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Ah, you can tell it's the juicy part 'cause the music's back.
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To illustrate what I mean by this, I asked 50,000 of my YouTube followers that subscribed to my channel to play a simple computer programming puzzle that I made.
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But what they didn't know is that I had served up two slightly different versions of the puzzle.
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In one, if you failed the puzzle, you didn't lose any of your starting 200 points, and you were prompted to try again.
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Whereas in the other, if you didn't succeed, you were also prompted to try again, but I said I was taking away five of those starting 200 points.
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That was the only difference.
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And even though they were of no value in the real world, no one will ever see these completely fake, meaningless internet points, those who didn't lose those points attempted to solve the puzzle 2.5 times more and saw success 16% more of the time.
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And because 50,000 people took the test, those results are super statistically significant.
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Basically, those who didn't frame losing in a negative light stuck with it for longer, saw more success, and learned more.
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And I think a great example of this in real life is video games.
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When "Super Mario Brothers" first came out, my friends and I became obsessed with making it to the castle and rescuing Princess Peach from the Evil Bowser.
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We'd get to school and ask each other, "Dude, what level did you make it to?
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Did you pass the game?" We never asked each other for details on all the different ways we might've died.
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This was before "Call of Duty." When it comes to video games like this, no one ever picks up the controller for the first time, falls in the pit right away, and thinks, "I'm so ashamed. That was such a failure.
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I'm never doing this again.
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How am I gonna break it to Luigi? I murdered his brother." (audience laughs) What really happens is you think, "Okay, I gotta remember there's a pit there.
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Next time I'm gonna come at it with a bit more speed." The focus and obsession is about beating the game, not how dumb you might look if you get hit by a sliding green shell.
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And as a direct result of that attitude, of learning from but not being focused on the failures, we got really good and learned a ton in a very short amount of time.
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And in my personal and work life, I've dealt with my share of sliding green shells.
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I still feel like every video we make each month there's a moment where it seems everything that can go wrong has gone wrong.
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And those failures can be gut wrenching, and they can sting real bad.
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But they sting like missing that one key Mario long jump, right at the end of level 8-1.
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And then right after that, really quickly it turns in, okay, what did we just learn from that?
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You know, what should we try differently from next time?
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And this concept of life gamification is more than just have a positive attitude or never give up, because those imply you have to fight against your true desire to quit.
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And I feel like when you frame a challenge or a learning process in this way, you actually want to do it.
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It feels natural to ignore the failure and try again.
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In the same way a toddler will want to keep trying to stand up.
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Or in the same way you want to keep playing "Super Mario Bros." Or in the same way half the people who attempted my coding puzzle had a desire to stick with it 2.5 times longer.
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The framing of their failures made it so they wanted to keep trying and learning.
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And that's exactly why the most meaningful high fives of my adolescence were when I said, "Dude, I finally beat Bowser last night." Probably goes without saying, but girls didn't talk to me until I was much older.
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(audience laughs) And in case you're like, "Yeah, but my real life would just be so much better if my top five challenges disappear," would it?
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I'd like to point out that if "Super Mario Bros." was just jumping over one pit, and then you rescued Princess Peach, no one would play it.
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Where's the risk and the reward?
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Where's the challenge?
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There's no ultimate feeling of satisfaction.
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The degree you're getting today means so much to you precisely because of all the struggle and setbacks that you've had to endure.
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So if you want to cross the river of life, you're gonna get wet.
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You're gonna have to backtrack, and that's not a bug, that's a feature.
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Frame those failures and slips like a video game, and not only will you learn more and do it faster, but it will make all the successful jumps along the way that much sweeter.
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All right. Now I've got some good news, which is that you're not crossing the river alone: for my third and final bit of advice is to foster your relationships.
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Nice. A sad truth about getting older is life gets busier and busier, and it gets harder and harder to make really close friends like you did here at school.
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And this isn't great because we evolved to be social, cooperative creatures, right?
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Like, 50,000 years ago, conditions were much harsher.
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So those who are more inclined to cooperate with their fellow humans were also much more likely to succeed and pass on those cooperation genes.
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So we've inherited these brains designed for social interaction, and we are hardwired to cooperate with other people.
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And look, I don't blame you if you want to cast aside advice from a guy who makes a living trying to outwit squirrels, but I wouldn't recommend doing that to 6 million years of evolutionary programming.
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Because in today's society, it's really convenient just to isolate yourself.
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You can attend the board meeting from your kitchen table.
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You can order food in the shower.
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You can bank on the toilet.
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You could even look for a new apartment without leaving your apartment.
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It's easier to stay anonymous in our big cities versus the small tribes of our ancestors, where everyone knew each other, which means we've got to actively work at fostering meaningful relationships.
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And because I know this could be harder for some more than others, here's a life hack I've found that really helps.
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Confirmation bias is when your brain ignores evidence that doesn't support your beliefs, and then it cherry picks the evidence that does.
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And generally, when people hear this term, they think it's a broken, unscientific way for our brains to approach the world.
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And this is true, but you could sort of judo flip it to your advantage.
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The trick is to positively apply confirmation bias to your relationships.
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If you assume good intentions on the part of your friends and family, and you tell yourself you're lucky to have them, your brain will naturally work to find evidence to support that.
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That's just how our brains work.
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If you tell yourself that your fellow humans are inherently good, your brain will find examples of it everywhere, and that will reinforce your outlook.
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The opposite, unfortunately, is also true.
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Basically, whether you think the world and everyone in it is out to hurt you or help you, you're right.
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Studies have shown that the best predictor of divorce is if the couple assumes bad intentions in their partner's actions, or if you marry Kanye.
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(audience applauds) But if you get it in your head that your partner is selfish or inconsiderate, or willfully refusing to take out the garbage, that creates a negative feedback loop of confirmation bias, seeking to find further evidence that your spouse is a jerk, even when good-faith efforts are being made.
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And this hack works not just for spouses, friends, and family, but even total strangers who might infuriate you.
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And look, I agree with you. They're wrong.
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But don't forget, as George Carlin pointed out, anyone who's driving slower than you is an idiot, and anyone driving faster than you is a maniac.
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Fostering your relationship closes out my list of three bits of advice because that may be where your impact is the greatest.
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Due to a challenging upbringing, my mom barely graduated high school, but she took being a mom and instilling values in her children really seriously.
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As such, she's the single biggest influence on my life by far.
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She passed away over a decade ago from ALS, six months before I ever released my first YouTube video.
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But I love the idea that the ripples from her influence are still being felt as strongly as they ever have through the work that I try and do today.
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If anything I've said today has resonated with you, in my mind, it's a direct result of her commitment to this third piece of advice.
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So leverage confirmation bias to enhance your relationships as you cooperate to cross the river.
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Train your brain to assume good intentions.
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And try to remember, if someone cuts you off on the freeway, maybe they're not out to get you.
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Maybe they just have diarrhea.
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(audience laughs) For piece of advice number four, engage in occasional playful anarchy.
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But Mark, you told us you were only gonna give us three pieces of advice.
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Boom, here's a fourth, 'cause why not?
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I'm playing music in a commencement speech, because why not?
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Is not ending your speech with pump-up music just objectively better?
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Or like how these graduation robes and hats are just objectively silly.
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Why shouldn't I take my own fourth piece of advice right now and engage in some playful anarchy?
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Anybody can toss their hat in the air.
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We see it at every graduation.
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But few have dared to make it actually fly.
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(majestic music) I bet Buzz Aldrin never tried this.
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You know what, timeout.
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This is actually a great opportunity to review everything we just talked about.
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(audience laughs) To my first point, I will embrace my naive optimism that my hat will actually get airborne.
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But if not, to my second point, if it goes haywire, and I accidentally blow up E53, I can reframe the failure as an opportunity to renovate a very old and sketchy building.
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Maybe this time we'll even add a few windows.
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And then to my third point, when I get sued by the faculty, I will foster the relationship I have with my defense lawyers, (audience laughs) because settling with MIT over damages will bring us all closer together.
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And so now, after turning on my hats, I've done my part and filmed a banger of an intro to our upcoming collab 30 years from now, which means all that's left to do is your part: to go out and change the world for the better.
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Congratulations, MIT class of 2023. You totally got this.
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(majestic music) (audience cheers and applauds)
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói trình độ B2 này dựa trên video “I Gave the MIT Commencement Speech”. Video này có 175 câu và 3286 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 19:04. Người nói nói với tốc độ tự nhiên, khoảng 172 từ mỗi phút, gần với hội thoại hằng ngày. 82% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ khó nhất trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| naive tính từ | /naɪˈiv/ | ngờ nghệch, ngây thơ |
| optimism danh từ | /ˈɑptɪmɪzəm/ | sự lạc quan |
| cheers | /t͡ʃɪəz/ | cam pôi, sự cạn ly |
| applaud động từ | /əˈplɔd/ | vỗ tay |
| commencement danh từ | /kəˈmɛnsmənt/ | bắt đầu |
| puzzle danh từ | /ˈpʌzəl/ | sự bối rối, sự khó xử |
| confirmation danh từ | /ˌkɑn.fəɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/ | sự xác nhận |
| bias danh từ | /ˈbaɪ.əs/ | thiên vị, thiên kiến |
| cooperate động từ | /kəʊˈɒp.ə.ɹeɪt/ | cộng tác |
| graduation danh từ | /ˌɡɹæd͡ʒuˈeɪʃən/ | lễ tốt nghiệp |
| embrace động từ | /ɛmˈbɹes/ | ôm |
| anarchy danh từ | /ˈæn.ɚ.ki/ | vô chính phủ |
| squirrel danh từ | /ˈskwɪ.ɹ(ə)l/ | sóc |
| metaphor danh từ | /ˈmɛt.ə.fɚ/ | ẩn dụ, phép ẩn dụ |
| sting động từ | /ˈstɪŋ/ | đốt, chích |
Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| blow up động từ | nổ | |
| give up động từ | đầu hàng | |
| go out động từ | ra, chết | |
| pick up động từ | nhặt, lượm | |
| stand up động từ | đứng dậy | |
| take away động từ | /ˌteɪk əˈweɪ/ | lấy đi, mang đi |
Những câu đáng luyện lại
Các câu ngắn, trọn ý trong video mà bạn có thể dùng lại khi giao tiếp hằng ngày:
- What do I mean by naive optimism?
- When you don't know what you don't know.
- I'm never doing this again.
- You know, what should we try differently from next time?
- I'm playing music in a commencement speech, because why not?
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Câu điều kiện if + mệnh đề, will/would + động từ — điều kiện và kết quả | If you truly understood what would be · if my top five challenges disappear," would it |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | I've already decided · has accomplished · you've ever wanted |
| Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật | Anyone who tells · cut, which is · those who didn |
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | be featured · would be required · were prompted |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 81 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ you're, gonna, I'm. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: thief /ˈθiːf/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: confirmation /ˌkɑn.fəɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, graduation /ˌɡɹæd͡ʒuˈeɪʃən/, intentions /ɪnˈtɛnʃənz/, accomplish /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: optimism /ˈɑptɪmɪzəm/, confirmation /ˌkɑn.fəɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, cooperate /kəʊˈɒp.ə.ɹeɪt/, positively /ˈpɑ.zɪ.tɪv.li/, graduation /ˌɡɹæd͡ʒuˈeɪʃən/
Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:
- Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: commencement /kəˈmɛnsmənt/, intentions /ɪnˈtɛnʃənz/, prompt /pɹɑmpt/, predict /pɹɪˈdɪkt/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/
- Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: cheers /t͡ʃɪəz/, graduation /ˌɡɹæd͡ʒuˈeɪʃən/, objectively /əbˈd͡ʒɛktɪvli/, majestic /məˈd͡ʒɛstɪk/, juicy /ˈd͡ʒuːsi/
- Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: graduation /ˌɡɹæd͡ʒuˈeɪʃən/, collab /kəˈlæb/, anarchy /ˈæn.ɚ.ki/, ancestor /ˈæn.sɛs.tɚ/, caffeine /ˈkæfiːn/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như naive, optimism, cheers.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.