Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: Once you see this, You’ll see Competitive Games Differently

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You know what's kind of weird?

Bạn biết điều gì hơi kỳ lạ không?

When someone asks what kind of games do you like, most people struggle to answer.

Khi ai đó hỏi bạn thích loại trò chơi nào, hầu hết mọi người đều gặp khó khăn trong việc trả lời.

You say tactical shooters, and they respond "Oh, so you must like Counter -Strike, Valorant, and Rainbow Six Siege." And you say "Ehh,

Khi bạn nói về game bắn súng chiến thuật, họ liền đáp lại "Ồ, vậy chắc bạn thích Counter-Strike, Valorant và Rainbow Six Siege nhỉ." Và bạn thì nói "Ừm,

actually only Counter -Strike." You say strategy games, and someone recommends you Civilization, when you wanted something more like Hearthstone.

thực ra chỉ có Counter-Strike thôi." Bạn nói đến game chiến thuật, rồi có người lại gợi ý cho bạn Civilization, trong khi bạn lại muốn một thứ gì đó giống Hearthstone hơn.

Game genres are kind of broken.

Các thể loại game hiện tại đang bị phân loại khá lộn xộn.

But I think there's a better way to think about this.

at games, and once you see it, you'll see games much more differently.

But let's start somewhere everyone can agree.

Every game has something that separates the good players from the bad ones.

Sometimes it's pure skill.

Your reflexes, your aim, your timing.

Sometimes it's information.

Knowing things the other person doesn't.

Sometimes it's something harder to name.

The mental side.

Reading people, managing randomness, and adapting on the fly.

of gameplay, and most games mix them together in different amounts.

So let me give you three words: Micro, Meso, Macro.

Now here's where it gets interesting, and a little uncomfortable.

What if I told you the clearest way to understand what a game is actually testing?

is to think about how you'd cheat in it.

If you wanted to completely break a game, to make it trivially easy, what cheat would you use?

The answer to that question tells you more about a game than any genre label ever could.

So let's put this to the test.

What is micro?

Micro is the execution layer.

It's your aim, your timing, your movement, your muscle memory.

looks like an aimbot.

Perfect inputs every single time.

If a game can be broken by perfect execution, that's a micro game.

Osu, Geometry Dash, Aim Trainers, and Tetris are a few examples.

You can cheat in osu! with perfect cursor tracking.

You can cheat in Geometry Dash with perfect jumps.

These are execution cheats, and you can feel the microness when you play them.

Mezzo is the probability layer, the place where mind games exist.

You're reacting to the unpredictable nature of people, not mechanics.

A mezzo cheat looks like stream sniping, knowing someone's habits before they show them, reading cooldowns, seeing things you shouldn't see yet.

The best example for the purest mezzo game is Rock Paper Scissors.

There's zero execution Among Us also runs on Meso.

So does Liar's Bar.

Even the stock market is built around this layer.

If you wanted to cheat in Among Us, you'd stream snipe to know who the imposter is.

If you wanted to cheat in stocks, you'd insider trade.

Notice how none of these cheats involve executing anything better, They involve knowing something you shouldn't.

Macro is the system's layer.

It's your routing, your resource management, and your win condition.

You can think of it like the mathematically correct way of winning the game.

A macro cheat looks like a chess engine, economy automation, or you can imagine like a perfect coach telling you exactly what to do.

Pure macro games are almost mathematical puzzles.

Think Factorio, Polybridge, Connect 4, tic -tac -toe.

Once you find the optimal solution, the game is solved.

But here's where it gets really interesting.

Most games aren't just one of these, they're combinations of them, and the combination tells you everything about what kind of game it is.

So let's look at Micro + Macro.

These tend to be single -player precision games.

You need to know the optimal solution and execute it fast.

Think Rubik's Cube Speedrunning, Jump King, and Getting Over It.

If you were to have a perfect micro cheat in Elden Ring, you'd have perfect dodges.

But if you were to have a perfect macro cheat, you'd use the mathematically optimal build.

But there's one weird multiplayer outlier here.

Eight ball pool.

There's a mathematically optimal shot, and then there's the skill of actually hitting it.

So even though it is player versus player, the room for mind games doesn't really exist.

And I think it's action.

Next, let's look at Micro + Mezzo.

This is PVP skill expression games.

These tend to be your fighting games: Street Fighter, Tekken, Smash Bros, Brawlhalla.

Your skill matters, and reading your opponent matters.

But also you have some other examples like Mario Kart, like the Micro of driving, and the Mezzo of random items and unpredictable opponents.

We even see some unique games like Tetris 99.

The original Tetris is pure micro, but Tetris 99 also involves mezzo because now you're managing who to send garbage to.

You also have physics -based PvP like Fall Guys and Gang Beasts, which also fits into Micro + Mezzo.

The next one is Meso + Macro.

These are the Mind and Math games.

Think Hearthstone, TFT, Pokemon VGC, and Battleship.

Now, chess is theoretically a pure macro game, but at the human level, there's a massive Meso component.

You're optimizing for your specific opponent's habits.

That's why studying opponent matters in high level chess.

And then there are some weird outliers.

Ballatro is a single player game.

But it's also meso -macro because the RNG of the card combines with the math of maximizing your hand.

You're not executing anything difficult, but you have to pick and choose your cards wisely, and play to their biggest strength.

Phasmophobia is also a weird game that fits into Meso Macro.

It's a co -op game, but But it fits here because you're deducing a ghost using evidence, which is macro.

while the Ghost Behavior has RNG: Meso.

Although I suspect non -PVP Meso Macro games slowly converge towards pure macro over time.

Once players fully map the RNG, It stops feeling uncertain and becomes a speedrun problem.

And then there's the middle, all three overlapping.

This is where the biggest competitive games live.

League of Legends, Dota 2, CS2, Valorant, Overwatch, Marvel Rivals,

Rocky League, Apex, Rainbow Six, World of Warcraft.

But here's the thing, they're not all the same balance.

And the cheat test tells you how exactly they differ.

So let's use Counter -Strike as an example. of CS completely alone?

Almost certainly yes.

If you never miss, most duels are over before they start.

That makes Micro extremely high in CS2.

But what about X -Ray seeing through walls?

Pros have done experiments with one player with X -Ray versus five without X -Ray.

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The Five still usually win, but the X -Ray player takes rounds they have no business taking.

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This makes mezzo very high in CS2 too.

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Which means macro, the strategic layer, is relatively the lowest.

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CS isn't about long -term economy optimization the way MOBAs are.

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The rounds are short and the execution is everything you But let's try this test with Overwatch, and right away we see a unique case,

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because the answer actually depends on your role.

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But since it varies so heavily by character and roles, I decided to ask someone who knows about Overwatch way better than I do.

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you So if you compare all three like maxed out versions of the perfect version of it, like a cheat version of it,

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which one would have like the highest win rate and how would the distribution be?

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I would just say support is more macro heavy.

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DPS is more micro heavy and then tank is more mezzo heavy Oh, okay, okay.

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also the way that it works is you have offense defense

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and control um control refers to like map control offense refers to offensive options defense refers to defensive options

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and if you a character's mixture or

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or like kind of design links to the this concept of uh offense defense

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and control tanks tend to depend on more control supports more defense dps more often and if you dissect each individual hero,

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they will have different, like varying levels or varying focuses on offense, defense or control.

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So I'm thinking about it like this, right?

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If you were to give each roll one cheat, you would give aimbot to DPS.

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Yes.

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tank you would give the ability to see enemy cooldowns as a perfect cheat right?

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and yeah for supports you would have a coach or an engine, perfect coach.

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Yes, that's perfect.

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That's exactly perfect.

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And also, especially in Overwatch, because it's 5v5, because you only have one tank.

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Like, if you can win every duel as a tank, that's kind of like a free win for your team.

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But what about Apex?

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Apex sits remarkably balanced across all three.

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If you think about which player is most likely to win, A guy with perfect aimbot, a guy with perfect wallhacks, or a guy with perfect ring knowledge.

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all three actually has a pretty good chance of winning the game.

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If you have aimbot, you can easily kill anyone rotating, but any close range fight will tend to go either way.

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But with perfect wallhacks, you can use your nades and abilities to take a team down.

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but you'll still lose to someone with good ring positioning.

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But even with perfect ring information, you could still easily die to someone who wants to contest that position.

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But let's test this in a really unique game.

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Rocket League.

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I asked pro Rocket League Coach Luke on his answer to this thought experiment, and this was his response.

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Basically, perfect micro

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or perfect mechanics in Rocket League would be defined as taking

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the ball from point A to point B as quickly and as efficiently as possible.

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first -person shooter, aimbot moves the crosshair to the target as quickly and as efficiently as possible.

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For Rocket League, smarts cannot make up for the fact

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that a more mechanical person can just take the ball to the open net far more than someone with less mechanics.

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This makes Rocket League heavily micro -dominant.

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But after micro being the most dominant, he put macro second and mezzo last.

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This is because even if perfect mezzo allows you to hear enemy comms

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or see enemy boost? doesn't change the fact that all information in Rocket League is able to be known at all times.

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and for how fast -paced the game is at the highest level, Listening to a perfect coach verbatim, would be better overhearing enemy comms or seeing enemy boost.

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Also, the closest thing to perfect micro in Rocket League is the AI bots.

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I came across footage of three semi -pro players versing three of the best Rocket League AI.

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Crap, and your dust.

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Oh my god.

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and the three AI bots were able to win comfortably.

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So here's what this framework actually gives you.

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It helps classify games, but it also helps understand yourself as a player.

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I noticed something when I looked at which games I genuinely enjoy.

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I gravitate toward games in the middle, the full micro -mesomacro cluster, and toward pure micro and pure macro,

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but I don't really enjoy micro -macro games.

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Speedrunning doesn't scratch the right itch for me.

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And when I looked at why, it mapped exactly.

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In Apex, I'd argue I aim pretty and have respectable movement.

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I'd say I also have a solid understanding of rotations and ring positioning, but I tend to tunnel vision in close quarter fights, specifically when we're in the same building,

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so I tend to miss mezzo reads when the pressure is high.

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And this exactly explains the gap in my game.

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Because here's a real insight: every player has a natural lean.

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Some people are micro players, they grind mechanics obsessively, and they want the skill gap to feel fair.

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Some people are mezzo players, they love rating people, and they thrive in the chaos of PvP randomness, like we even see a common cluster of people who play Among Us,

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GTA RP, luck based games like gambling, along with many other party games.

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players.

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They love efficiency, they draw routes on maps, they think about the game between games more than during it.

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And most of us are a mix, but not an equal mix.

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The games that frustrate you the most, they're probably demanding something your brain doesn't naturally give.

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The games you keep coming back to, they're probably rewarding the part of you that already runs at full power.

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Genre labels never told you any of this.

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Action RPG doesn't tell you whether you'll be grinding execution, raiding opponents, or solving systems.

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It just tells you there's a sword and a level bar.

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And maybe more importantly, you can stop blaming yourself when a game doesn't click.

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'cause maybe the games are testing things you haven't built yet.

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In my case, it's the underdevelopment of Mezzo.

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And that's the three dimensions of games: Micro, Meso, Macro.

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Every game lives somewhere inside them.

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And now that you know where to look, you'll never see a game the same way again.

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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này

Video này có 181 câu và 2141 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 13:58. Người nói nói với tốc độ tự nhiên, khoảng 153 từ mỗi phút, gần với hội thoại hằng ngày. Chỉ 77% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất, nên từ vựng khá khó.

Từ vựng quan trọng trong video

15 từ ít gặp trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:

microwave /ˈmaɪkɹoʊˌweɪv/ (danh từ) — vi ba, vi sóng. An electromagnetic wave with wavelength between that of infrared light and radio waves.
cheat /ˈt͡ʃiːt/ (động từ) — gian lận, bịp. To violate rules in order to gain, or attempt to gain, advantage from a situation.
execution /ˌɛk.sɪˈkjuː.ʃən/ (danh từ) — tử hình. The act, manner or style of executing (actions, maneuvers, performances).
layer /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ (danh từ) — lớp. A single thickness of some material covering a surface.
mechanic /mɪˈkænɪk/ (danh từ) — thợ máy. Someone who builds or repairs machinery, a technician; now specifically, someone who works with and repairs the mechanical parts of a motor vehicle, aircraft…
chess /t͡ʃɛs/ (danh từ) — cờ vua. A board game for two players, each beginning with sixteen chess pieces moving according to fixed rules across a chessboard with the objective to checkmate the…
label /ˈleɪ.bəl/ (danh từ) — nhãn. A small ticket or sign giving information about something to which it is attached or intended to be attached.
ghost /ɡoʊst/ (danh từ) — ma, ma quỉ. A disembodied soul; a soul or spirit of a deceased person; a spirit appearing after death.
solve /sɒlv/ (động từ) — giải quyết. To find an answer or solution to a problem or question; to work out.
experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ (danh từ) — thí nghiệm. A test under controlled conditions made to either demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of…
versus /ˈvɝsəs/ — đối, đối đầu. Against; in opposition to.
habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/ (danh từ) — thói quen. An action performed on a regular basis.
mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/ (danh từ) — toán học. An abstract representational system studying numbers, shapes, structures, quantitative change and relationships between them.
shooter /ˈʃuːtəː/ (danh từ) — xạ thủ, tay súng. Someone who shoots something; a gunner, archer, etc.
grind /ˈɡɹaɪnd/ (động từ) — xay, nghiền. To reduce to smaller pieces by crushing with lateral motion.

Phát âm cần chú ý

Người nói dùng 35 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ doesn't, you'd, you're. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.

Âm “th”: mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, mathematical /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, thrive /θɹajv/
Âm “sh” và “zh”: execution /ˌɛk.sɪˈkjuː.ʃən/, genre /ˈ(d)ʒɑnɹə/, shooter /ˈʃuːtəː/, efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/, rotation /ɹoʊˈteɪʃən/
Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: execution /ˌɛk.sɪˈkjuː.ʃən/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/

Cách luyện với video này

Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như microwave, cheat, execution.

Ngữ pháp trong video

Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:

Cấu trúc	Trong video
Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm	can be broken · is built · is solved
Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật	evidence, which is · someone who knows · someone who wants
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại	have done · haven't built

Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?

Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.

Phương pháp shadowing: đọc hướng dẫn từng bước đầy đủ →

Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: Once you see this, You’ll see Competitive Games Differently

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