Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: Rivers under pressure - From drought and competing agendas | DW Documentary
Chọn chế độ luyện tập
Mỗi chế độ mở một phòng luyện tập toàn màn hình.
309 câu
Nếu các câu quá ngắn hoặc quá dài, hãy bấm Edit để chỉnh sửa.
1
In June 2026, Europe experienced record temperatures, including in central Germany.
2
For that to happen so early in the year is extraordinary.
3
And the temperatures were also extraordinary.
4
And it came on the back of a hot, dry summer the year before, where some regions were left bone dry.
5
It's getting steadily worse with several dry years in a row.
6
No rain, and there's less water from the mountains, affecting drinking water reserves.
7
Lawn sprinklers and swimming pools we could live without.
8
The Rappbode dam in eastern Germany was still not filled to capacity last November.
9
A record dry winter followed with little snow.
10
The water level remained low till spring.
11
Finally, in May, localized flash floods hit central Germany.
12
Climate change is altering nature's water cycle more profoundly than we thought,
13
and faster while federal and state governments draft laws and plans of action and then don't follow through?
14
Will Germany restructure its landscape or be overtaken by the climate crisis?
15
Natural rivers meander.
16
Such meanders or bends have become rare.
17
The Wetterau River in the Thuringian Slate Mountains in eastern Germany is still in its natural state.
18
It spreads out wide.
19
In late September 2025, an inspection of the floodplain showed water levels had recovered after just a few days of rain.
20
The Vettera is about 17 kilometers long.
21
Stefan Gunkel explains why the river boasts healthy levels of biodiversity.
22
Because the water is able to move back and forth in the floodplain.
23
The meanders here are relatively large.
24
They also shift location over time and occasionally leave pools of water behind, known as oxbow lakes, where the water can collect.
25
At the same time, there are other areas that are still dry, where species typical of dry grasslands, for example, can thrive.
26
And what's special about a floodplain with a meandering river is
27
that much more water can flow into the land and be retained than in a straightened watercourse.
28
Why is that? because the course of the river is three to five times longer.
29
And it supports a unique ecosystem.
30
Trees that thrive in wet soil like alders and willows are perfectly adapted to this habitat.
31
We're standing here in a floodplain, so called because it floods.
32
When water levels are high and the river bursts its banks, the entire floodplain is submerged.
33
And that's important because a living body of water is constantly interacting with groundwater levels, surface water, the riverbanks and the floodplain.
34
And this dynamic interplay leads to a high level of biodiversity.
35
And here, that biodiversity is protected under conservation laws.
36
Small loaches migrate upstream through the gaps in the beaver dam, while trout simply jump right over it.
37
But only one -fifth of the species here actually live in the flowing water.
38
The rest make their home on the riverbed among the stones, pebbles and sand.
39
What's he hoping to find?
40
What I'm mainly looking for is caddisfly larvae.
41
They're relatively easy to spot.
42
This here is a caddisfly case.
43
Caddisflies are indicators of good to very good water quality.
44
That's exactly what you'd hope for in a stream in a low mountain range like here.
45
A diverse environment is what makes a river healthy.
46
Decaying tree trunks are part of that.
47
They help keep the water clean.
48
Because there are so many tiny creatures living on the wood, they act as decomposers and also work as a filter in the water too,
49
and in that way contribute to the water's self -purification process.
50
The Vetteran naturally interacts with its surroundings.
51
It serves as a model for rivers that still need to be upgraded to cope with climate change.
52
In mid -February 2026, a group of experts gathered high above the Unschrutt River, near the East German city of Leipzig.
53
The snow had just melted.
54
From here, it's clear to see how human intervention has completely altered the river's course.
55
When did our ancestors actually start intervening in the river and its surroundings here?
56
We can trace the beginnings all the way back to the Middle Ages.
57
The people of Flanders, now in modern -day Belgium, were recognized as experts in hydraulic engineering because of how they'd learned to control rivers.
58
And since we needed such experts here, we brought them into the country.
59
They moved here to work and brought their families too.
60
Migrant laborers from Flanders were just the start.
61
Through the centuries, all those in power have had plans for the Unstrott Valley.
62
One aspect was flood protection.
63
The other was making use of the fertile soil, and the very frequent flooding was a threat to the harvest.
64
The interventions became increasingly radical.
65
The river doesn't look like this anymore.
66
This section here is basically what we have now.
67
It was straightened by the communist East German government.
68
What's also interesting is that there are no trees or shrubs in this picture, yet now they're here.
69
So the flow path has become shorter.
70
That's a really massive intervention, which in fact served only to allow the water to drain away more quickly.
71
90 % of Germany's rivers have undergone similar interventions.
72
At first, the aim was to protect communities from flooding.
73
But soon, it became more about prosperity, progress and people's livelihoods.
74
Only much later did the negative impacts on the water cycle and the environment become clear.
75
What we see here is a river that carries water away from the landscape as quickly as possible, in an area where we actually have a shortage of water.
76
Really, we need the water to remain in the landscape longer.
77
And given the years of drought that we've experienced since 2018, it's especially important that we retain water in the landscape wherever we can.
78
But the dike separates the river Unschloed from the fields in the floodplain.
79
Matthias Scholz is a floodplain ecologist.
80
He says this kind of intervention in nature is problematic.
81
The river has an energy of its own.
82
Especially during floods or when the river is flowing at full capacity, it has a lot of energy.
83
So normally it would carry sediment with it.
84
But if it's not able to erode the riverbanks, then all that force goes into the riverbed instead.
85
And as a result, the riverbed automatically becomes deeper.
86
As the riverbed deepens, the river's water level drops and the groundwater level sinks too.
87
The only real solution is to slow the river down, create space so the banks can be flooded and flushed out material can settle.
88
That also improves the quality of the water.
89
We have a major problem with nitrates, especially here on the Unstrutt.
90
This river has had a nitrate problem for years.
91
If a section of the river, or the river as a whole, were in its natural state, it would have a greater capacity to purify itself.
92
For years, potash mines discharged wastewater into the river.
93
Farmers fertilized their fields right up to the riverbanks.
94
The Unstre desperately needs a cleanup.
95
Oxbow lakes that have been disconnected from the river hold great potential.
96
Reconnecting them often changes the dynamics of the river permanently.
97
Matthias Scholtz has studied river floodplains and renaturation for more than 30 years.
98
He says reconnecting an oxbow lake is a decision that needs to be weighed carefully.
99
What might speak against reconnecting an oxbow lake is if it's become an especially valuable spawning ground for amphibians, so frogs and toads.
100
They don't like flowing water or high fish populations, but generally speaking, we know whether or not that's important in any given case.
101
So when does it make sense to restore the river's course exactly where it was shortened 60 years ago?
102
Generally speaking, reconnecting old meanders with the river again is a good idea, because it extends the length of the river,
103
providing all the free benefits that we get from a more natural river.
104
But in this case, it would only really be effective
105
if we could also relocate the dike over a large area back into the old floodplain.
106
And exactly that is planned for this section of the Unstrut.
107
First, the dikes are to be moved closer to the towns, then the floodplain restored.
108
But just when that might happen is the big unknown.
109
The main law governing the protection of Germany's water bodies is the European Water Framework Directive.
110
It came into effect in 2000.
111
Its core objective is to upgrade the ecological and chemical quality of Europe's water bodies to good by 2015.
112
Allowing more space for rivers to meander is considered the most important measure, but the deadline wasn't reached, so it was postponed to 2021.
113
Now 2027 is the official target.
114
But that deadline isn't realistic either.
115
So there are already extensions until 2033 and exemptions through to 2045 and beyond.
116
In early June 2026, a group of volunteers in the German state of Thuringia were asked to study the Bibabach River.
117
The NGO Environmental Action Germany wanted to know what aquatic insects and small creatures they would find in the water.
118
The participants were basically assessing and documenting the health of the river's ecosystem.
119
For 30 years, Environmental Action Germany has made the health of streams and rivers a key focus of its work.
120
Project manager Sabrina Schulz is concerned about the delay in implementing the European Water Framework Directive.
121
In Germany, 9 % of our water bodies meet the criteria for good ecological condition
122
that all water bodies should have achieved long ago.
123
To be fair, I think that when the Water Framework Directive was adopted, the extent to which the changes to our rivers had seriously impacted them was underestimated.
124
It's not so easy to correct.
125
But we're at 9%.
126
If I submitted a tax return that was just 9 % complete, we all know what would happen.
127
What we lack most urgently is land, land and more land.
128
And that has to do with priorities.
129
We've set aside land for wind energy and enshrined targets in law.
130
We use two and a half times as much land for traffic infrastructure as we would need for the rivers.
131
Every time there's a flood, we're promised more space will be given to rivers.
132
But it's just not happening.
133
At the end of March 2026, rain returned to the Thuringian Basin after a long period of drought.
134
The Unstrott River had been low for weeks.
135
Matthias Wiegand's farm includes fields right near the river.
136
Until now, they were guaranteed a good harvest.
137
Fields that are near rivers or bodies of water we call deep land.
138
That's because there's always a relatively good supply of water there.
139
Even during dry spells, there's plenty of water stored in the soil.
140
Of course, that decreases over the course of the year.
141
At the end of the day, if we have a dry summer, everywhere is dry no matter how far or near it is from the Unstut.
142
The Thuringian basin has always been dry, but now the area is experiencing additional droughts in summer.
143
Floodplain ecologists advise giving up the better watered land near the river to allow the waterway to expand.
144
Not an idea that appeals to Matthias Wiegand.
145
He has his own strategy.
146
By building up hummus in the soil, we can increase the availability of water in the ground and its ability to hold water.
147
The soil here is very good, with good cohesion.
148
It can store a lot of water in winter.
149
When we have wet winters, we can store a lot of water and through targeted farming methods make it available to the crops throughout the year.
150
Of course, being near a river does make things much easier.
151
I find it fascinating that you have crops that can enhance water storage capacity or the sponge effect.
152
What are they exactly?
153
Well, we can build up hummus by using organic fertilizer in a targeted way, so we can create more hummus in the soil.
154
The water that comes during wet periods is then retained for longer in the soil.
155
OK, so that means that if you have a decent development of hummus… If you have a decent hummus balance,
156
then it doesn't just contain nutrients, it also has water -holding capacity which gives life to the soil.
157
The nearby Straussfurt Reservoir stores water for the local community, including the farmers.
158
Matthias Wiegand says that allows him to save his crops during very long, dry summers.
159
He orders and pays for what he needs.
160
Shortly before the interview, the state government presented a plan for the river Unstrott.
161
First, flood defences on the river will be completely reorganized.
162
and then the river re -naturalized.
163
The plans will directly affect the farm.
164
Of course, it wasn't easy to see just how much land is eventually supposed to be flooded.
165
And everything that's supposed to happen, which dikes are to be removed or lowered, we don't know many of the specifics yet.
166
The whole project is certainly interesting.
167
But of course it's worrying, because you don't know what the land will look like afterwards.
168
And how he'll be able to farm here.
169
Could he graze cattle on floodplain meadows that are often inundated with water?
170
In nature conservation, that's considered the gold standard.
171
But on Wigan's purely arable farm, there's no room for livestock.
172
Rivers in Germany currently occupy one percent of the total land area, not enough to allow them to expand and follow a more natural course.
173
A study by the federal government's Environment Agency states, an additional 2 % will be needed to restore the country's rivers.
174
Only then can Germany honor the commitment to protecting its waterways.
175
2 % is around 7 ,000 square kilometers.
176
There are no specific figures available on how much land each federal state would have to contribute.
177
around 90 percent of the Unstrutz floodplain was taken away in the past.
178
Matthias Scholz estimates it used to be a whopping one to four kilometers wide.
179
Right now we might have about 100 meters of foreshore here, but that's actually the exception.
180
In many cases there are only about 20 or 30 meters left on each side.
181
The waterway we have here, in its near natural state, should actually be three to four times as wide, with varied shoreline edges, gravel and sandbanks,
182
diverse features and aquatic plants.
183
The Unstrud can no longer widen its own riverbed.
184
Excavators will have to break up the solid banks to reconnect the river with the surrounding countryside.
185
Matias Schultz is coordinating a European Union research project called Spongebost,
186
where researchers from seven countries are studying how water can be retained in the landscape for longer periods.
187
Our partners in Portugal are working to re -wet peatlands and bogs by removing drainage ditches.
188
This means that the water is retained for longer, leading to bogs that are closer to their natural state.
189
We installed measuring instruments throughout the area and found that even just shortly after the restoration work, water was retained after heavy rain for 20 hours longer.
190
Allowing rivers more space and mitigating the effects of climate change sounds pretty general.
191
By contrast, SpundBoost is collecting data, real -life experience and arguments for the debate over farmland.
192
Because the water remains in the landscape longer, the soil -water balance in neighboring areas improves as well.
193
This means soil moisture increases across the entire floodplain, making growing conditions better.
194
So, we hope farmers will actually be able to achieve better yields.
195
Surrendering land to relocate dikes and restore rivers is something farmers in the Thuringian basin are already dealing with.
196
A section of the river Gera is currently being restructured.
197
It flows into the Unstrud.
198
Farmers believe it's the wrong approach.
199
Agriculture produces food.
200
That's the priority.
201
And it requires the use of agricultural land.
202
It's existential.
203
These measures are resulting in a massive loss of farmland.
204
Ultimately, we need to preserve as much farmland as possible.
205
These are the best soils graded between 70 and 90.
206
That's top grade, and we can't do without them, especially given climate change.
207
These soils will always yield crops, even in dry years.
208
They'll be the ones still providing an average crop, and that's important.
209
That's why society should also want to preserve as much of this farmland as possible.
210
Restoring the Unstrut was discussed as early as the 1990s bold visions were put forward for eco -friendly extensive farming.
211
The ideas were fiercely opposed by farmers.
212
In 2015, the German government included the Unschrutt in its national flood protection program.
213
First the dikes were to be relocated, then the river given space to expand.
214
Plans were discussed for 12 sections of the river, including which dikes were to be relocated, how many hectares of land would be submerged during floods,
215
and where old river channels would be reconnected.
216
Eleven years then passed before the state of Thuringia presented its own plan, and what's been made public is relatively vague.
217
A lot of work has gone into the concept in terms of planning.
218
As I have reiterated, we'll still need time for detailed planning through 2035 before construction can actually begin on the individual dams.
219
There are an incredible number of local interests to take into account.
220
I have to get the property owners on board.
221
From a planning perspective, none of this is easy.
222
Construction is expected to take until 2051.
223
Renaturation will only come at the very end.
224
25 years for a project deemed urgent.
225
Conservationists are disappointed.
226
Right now, a few interest groups are campaigning fiercely against the use of land for floodplains, rivers and other nature conservation projects.
227
If you look at the general public and the available polls, such as environmental awareness surveys, the majority of people are in favor, in the range of 80 to 90 percent.
228
After all, we all benefit from this.
229
And it's important for future generations, too.
230
A healthy river ecosystem offers many free benefits.
231
The entire city of Leipzig depends on these benefits, for example.
232
A quarter of the city's drinking water is sourced from the floodplain of a major river.
233
It's vital for the population.
234
In early June, the Mulde River was flowing at normal levels.
235
At the Kanitz water treatment plant near Leipzig, The lab manager explains how filtrate from the riverbank is transformed into drinking water for 750 ,000 people.
236
Basically, the water that flows along the river here naturally seeps into the landscape
237
and eventually flows very slowly parallel to the river.
238
And that's where our well systems are located.
239
The water is extracted from these wells and then channeled via pipes to the water treatment plant.
240
Before that, the filtrate mixes with groundwater in the soil.
241
The Leipzig Water Works has sourced its drinking water from here for more than a century.
242
The floodplain hasn't been restored.
243
The company itself works to ensure the soil between the river and the treatment plant stays as uncontaminated as possible.
244
We operate our own subsidiary that practices organic farming here in our water catchment area.
245
Of course, it doesn't cover the entire catchment area we'd love to see more organic farming here,
246
because that would prevent substances like pesticides or fertilizers from ever entering the water.
247
Chemical pollution of the river itself must not increase.
248
That's banned under European law.
249
And yet there are more and more calls for exemptions, like for mining rare earths.
250
Water utilities in the wider region work together to combat new sources of pollution.
251
Strict controls are in place at the waterworks, both for water samples and equipment.
252
The wells at the Connets treatment plant are up to 22 meters deep.
253
This is one of 130 wells.
254
The water is collected through a filtration system, then lifted by a suction pipe and pumped into the treatment plant.
255
And what's the distance from the river?
256
We're around 300 meters from the river Mulde.
257
It takes around 50 days for the water to travel that short distance.
258
A quarter of Leipzig's drinking water consists of treated riparian filtrate.
259
In recent years, nationwide stress tests have shown that reservoir and groundwater levels are increasingly depleted.
260
River water filtered by floodplains is growing in importance.
261
In summer 2026, Germany was expected to pass an important bill to strengthen the status of natural habitats,
262
preventing construction projects encroaching on protected floodplains, for example.
263
The environment minister was upbeat.
264
The bill to strengthen natural infrastructure is like protecting the crown jewels of nature in Germany.
265
It involves defining what these are, then providing them with special protection, prioritizing them over other areas and highlighting their importance.
266
He wants to step up efforts to protect waterways.
267
Given climate change, he says it's a matter of survival.
268
But he gets the debate.
269
If I propose abstract measures where the public doesn't yet feel that it's necessary or urgent, I often face resistance.
270
But I believe we now have a consensus on this issue.
271
And I would say that I've succeeded in securing nearly 2 billion euros in additional funding for this.
272
More and more established environmental standards are being vehemently called into question.
273
But Schneider says things are moving.
274
I can feel and see that people in Germany value and protect their rivers.
275
And that's a major asset I want to build on to further strengthen and expand the floodplain restoration programs.
276
For me, that's the absolute priority in this legislative term.
277
Of course, many waterways have been successfully restored.
278
The NGO Environmental Action Germany acknowledges that some things have been done right.
279
In the state of Saxony, land readjustment procedures were specifically used to bring public land closer to the waterways.
280
In the state of Thuringia, water management associations were established under the 2019 Water Resources Act.
281
And the key difference from other federal states is that these associations are state -funded, rather than dependent on local municipalities.
282
In the state of Saxony -Anhalt, flood protection plans for the River Saleh were given an additional conservation review.
283
and those with the greatest synergies with nature conservation then prioritized.
284
The river Rossel is a small tributary of the Elbe.
285
A restoration plan is in place to gradually improve its condition.
286
An oxbow lake that was previously cut off from the river has been reconnected, something Karl -Heinz Jöling is proud of.
287
The aquatic ecologist worked for the German state of Saxony -Anhalt for 44 years and is now retired.
288
He was responsible for implementing the European Water Framework Directive here.
289
He thinks there's a lot of potential for streamlining processes within government agencies.
290
If they had more room to maneuver, the courage to make decisions that don't necessarily align one -to -one with a particular law,
291
but where you're thinking in terms of the dynamics of the water, And where you see something good developing, to just take the plunge and say, here's your permit, get started.
292
Every restoration project presents its own challenges.
293
The Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research in Leipzig conducted a study
294
to find out where things tend to get stuck time and again.
295
One aspect, a key success factor, was that early collaboration within government agencies is very important.
296
The water management sector needs to work together with nature conservation, soil management, agriculture and forestry.
297
This is absolutely crucial in addition to involving all the other stakeholders, such as landowners, farmers, the fishing industry and local residents.
298
The first dike on the river Elbe was relocated in 2004
299
and the floodplain expanded a successful project that yielded valuable insights for water management and researchers.
300
We gained 140 hectares of new retention area, land that can be directly submerged when the river is very swollen.
301
The city of Dessal -Hoslau also gained improved flood defenses thanks to a modern dike.
302
The farmland has now been converted into a grassland floodplain, and the floodplain forest has been reforested.
303
Meanwhile, nature conservation has suffered another setback in Germany.
304
Parliament passed a major infrastructure act.
305
To benefit construction projects, it overrides environmental standards that took decades to achieve.
306
The environment minister, meanwhile, couldn't even get his bill to strengthen natural infrastructure through the cabinet.
307
The whole thing was postponed.
308
Protecting nature's crown jewels, including river floodplains, will have to wait.
309
I'm sorry.
Tải Ứng Dụng
Mọi thứ bạn cần để nói trôi chảy
Chấm điểm AIChấm từng câu nói
Luyện IPAThành thạo mọi âm
Từ vựngMở rộng vốn từ
Game Từ vựngHọc qua chơi
Cùng kênh
B21
BookTok and Gen Z - Are young people saving the book market? | DW Documentary
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B2China's competition for living space | DW Documentary
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
Cheap and toxic - The dark side of mass-produced fashion jewelry from China | DW Documentary
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C13
Skin: Multitalented and underappreciated | DW Documentary
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C12
Virtual love - How dangerous are AI relationships? | DW Documentary
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
What it's like to be a working homeless person in Germany | DW Documentary
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C111
Global renewables: Pioneering the energy transition | DW Documentary
IELTS PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
B27
Father unknown? Life as a sperm donor's child | DW Documentary
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
Our memory - A phenomenal storage system | DW Documentary
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
The secret to concentration - How to increase your attention span | DW Documentary
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C16
Can trees save the planet? | DW Documentary
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
Junk food, sugar and additives - The dark side of the food industry | DW Documentary
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C1Do we need to eat meat? | DW Documentary
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C1Smart insects - The astonishing intelligence of bumblebees, wasps & co. | DW Documentary
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2Why India is one of the most dangerous places in the world for women | DW Documentary
University StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU
Video gợi ý
![Climate Change - A Short Film [4K]](https://img.youtube.com/vi/jAa58N4Jlos/mqdefault.jpg)
B23
33 câu
Climate Change - A Short Film [4K]
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
94 câu
Why Jakarta is sinking
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
9 câu
Why Do Rivers Curve?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B23
13 câu
Dig Deep, Power a City
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C16
27 câu
Phát âm chuẩn cùng VOA - Anh ngữ đặc biệt: California Drought (VOA-Ag)
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B26
200 câu
Why Are 96,000,000 Black Balls on This Reservoir?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
155 câu
India: Life at 50 Degrees | ARTE.tv Documentary
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
341 câu
Why is this one spot not warming?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B214
79 câu
Cambridge IELTS 20 PART 4 TEST 1– #listeningielts20part4 #ielts20 #voduyquynh
IELTS PrepCambridge Exam PrepUniversity Students
B22
47 câu
Transforming grass into building materials | Vietnam Today
IELTS PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
B1350
15 câu
Nature Is Speaking – Penélope Cruz is Water | Conservation International (CI)
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
74 câu
Thousands Missing: Himalayan Glacial Collapse & Nepal Extreme Weather. The Tibet Flood Emergency.
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Video này có 309 câu và 3981 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 29:07. Người nói giữ tốc độ đều, khoảng 137 từ mỗi phút, vừa sức để nói đuổi theo. Chỉ 79% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất, nên từ vựng khá khó.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ ít gặp trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
- soil /sɔɪl/ (danh từ) — đất. A mixture of mineral particles and organic material, used to support plant growth.
- flood /flʌd/ (danh từ) — lụt, lụt lội. An overflow of a large amount of water (usually disastrous) from a lake or other body of water due to excessive rainfall or other input of water.
- landscape /ˈlan(d)skeɪp/ (danh từ) — phong cảnh, cảnh sắc. A portion of land or territory as defined by its landform, its geographical (and architectural) features.
- farmer /ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/ (danh từ) — nông dân. A person who works the land and/or who keeps livestock; anyone engaged in agriculture on a farm.
- restore /ɹɪˈstoɹ/ (động từ) — khôi phục, phục hồi. To reestablish, or bring back into existence.
- infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/ (danh từ) — cơ sở hạ tầng. An underlying base or foundation for a building, organization, or system.
- restoration /ɹɛstəˈɹeɪʃən/ (danh từ) — hồi phục, khôi phục. The process of bringing an object back to its original state; the process of restoring something.
- meter /ˈmitəɹ/ (danh từ) — cái đo, người đo. A device that measures things.
- priority /pɹaɪˈɒɹɪti/ (danh từ) — sự ưu tiên. An item's relative importance.
- organic /ɔːˈɡænɪk/ (tính từ) — hữu cơ. Pertaining to or derived from living organisms.
- basin /ˈbeɪsɪn/ (danh từ) — chảo. A wide bowl for washing, sometimes affixed to a wall.
- ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ (danh từ) — hệ sinh thái. A system formed by an ecological community and its environment that functions as a unit.
- aquatic /əˈkwɑ.tɪk/ (tính từ) — thuỷ sinh, thuỷ cư. Relating to water; living in or near water, taking place in water.
- agriculture /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/ (danh từ) — nông nghiệp. The art or science of cultivating the ground, including the growing and harvesting of crops, and the rearing and management of livestock.
- collect /ˈkɑlɪkt/ (động từ) — thu thập, gom góp. To gather together; amass.
Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe
- give up (động từ) — đầu hàng. To surrender (someone or something); to inform on (someone).
- look for (động từ) — tìm, tìm kiếm. To seek.
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 33 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ don't, doesn't, we're. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/, thrive /θɹajv/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: conservation /ˌkɑnsə(ɹ)ˈveɪʃən/, intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, restoration /ɹɛstəˈɹeɪʃən/, shortly /ˈʃɔɹtli/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: conservation /ˌkɑnsə(ɹ)ˈveɪʃən/, intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, restoration /ɹɛstəˈɹeɪʃən/, priority /pɹaɪˈɒɹɪti/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Nói đuổi từng câu ở tốc độ bình thường, lặp lại mỗi câu đến khi nhịp của bạn khớp với người nói.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như soil, flood, landscape.
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | have become · have had · has become |
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | were left · was still not filled · be overtaken |
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.