跟讀練習: Horse Terms Explained - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Hi, I'm Callie from CRK Training, and in today's video we've got something a little different for you again.

嗨，我是CRK訓練中心的Callie，今天的影片我們又準備了一點不一樣的內容要給大家。

We're going to actually be going over some common but weird horse terminology.

So I realized as talking to some of my friends who are pretty much brand new to the horse world

that those of us

that have been around horses for a long time have almost this second language

that we use to describe things with our horses or things that we do in riding.

And for those of you that might be a little bit newer, kind of coming into this community,

some of this lingo that we can use sounds a little bit bizarre.

So what I'm going to do today is just go over some of the most common terms

that I find that I get questions on as I use them, and I'm going to explain a little bit what they mean.

First we're going to start with some words that refer to the horse, to the type of the horse, or the horse's behavior.

Our first term is sound or unsound.

So a sound horse is one that's moving comfortably with no lameness,

and an unsound horse is one that has some lameness and it's noticeable in the way that he's moving.

Green broke.

So when we talk about a green horse, we're obviously not referring to his color, but we're referring to his level of training.

And a horse that is green or that is green broke basically means that he's an inexperienced horse.

Most commonly he's also young but he could be older and just be lacking training.

Hot.

So when we talk about a hot horse we are referring to his temperament.

So if a horse is hot it means that he's probably very reactive

and very excitable which often makes them a little bit more difficult to ride.

Barn Sour.

A Barn Sour horse is one that wants to go back to the barn.

So it might be that he acts up when he's in the arena, it might be that he acts up on the trail,

but he's wanting to go back to the barn and we call that Barn Sour.

Buddy Sour.

Just like our last term, a horse that is Buddy Sour wants to be with his friends.

He wants to be with the other horses and he's got to probably act up when he's away from them.

Action.

So when we're talking about action, it's usually used in the context of the way that the horse moves.

So that horse has a lot of front end action.

That horse has a lot of hind end action.

What this means is that he's got, it refers to the movement of the horse.

So action refers to the movement.

And if we say a horse has a lot of action, means that he's got a lot of movement.

He's probably got movement that's kind of above normal levels.

Bomb -proof.

If we refer to a bomb -proof horse, we're talking about one that is pretty much unflappable.

So he's not very reactive to things.

He stays very calm and exciting situations or environments don't affect the bomb -proof horse.

Broke.

If we say that a horse is broke or he's a well -broke horse,

it basically means that he's got a higher level of training and he's probably pretty easy to ride.

So he doesn't react to a lot of things.

He knows his basic cues and his signals under saddle.

That's what we call a broke horse.

Easy or hard keepers.

If we say that a horse is an easy keeper, it means that he doesn't take a lot of feed to maintain a healthy weight.

If we say that a horse is a hard keeper, it means that he does take a lot of feed, usually a lot of grain,

or a lot of extra maintenance to maintain the correct body weight.

In this next section, we're going to talk about just a few terms that relate to riding.

Changing the rein.

If you're in a lesson and your instructor tells you to change your rein, this basically just means change direction and go the other way.

Put your leg on.

So this is a common phrase that we use when we're riding or that especially that us riding instructors tell our students,

but it can be a little bit vague if you don't quite understand the feeling of it.

So when we say put your leg on, it basically means squeeze the horse or apply pressure with your legs.

On the bit.

So this term also sounds a little bit funny, but on the bit refers to a horse that understands contact with the reins,

這個術語聽起來也有點好笑，不過「on the bit」指的是馬能夠理解韁繩的接觸指令。

has a nice roundness through his body, is soft in the bridle and in the rider's hands, and is moving nicely and correctly.

他的整體軀幹線條圓潤優美，韁繩反應柔順，騎手操控起來手感很好，動作流暢又正確。

Ahead of the leg or behind the leg.

在腿的前方，或是在腿的後方。

So these two phrases are talking about a horse that is either basically going too forward or going too slow.

所以這兩個說法都是在描述馬的狀況，要嘛就是太往前衝，要嘛就是走太慢。

So a horse

所以是一匹馬

that is ahead of a rider's leg is probably oversensitive to the pressure from the rider's leg

位於騎手腿部前方的部位，可能對騎手腿部施加的壓力過度敏感。

and is likely moving too quickly.

而且很可能移動得太快了。

A horse that is behind the leg is not responding to the cues from the rider's leg

一匹後腿反應遲鈍的馬，不會回應騎手腿部的指令。

and is probably going a little too slow, not enough energy.

而且可能速度有點太慢，活力也不足。

AIDS.

愛滋病

When we refer to the AIDS, to like the rider's AIDS, we're talking about the ways that a rider is cueing the horse.

當我們提到騎士的輔助（AIDS）時，指的是騎士給予馬匹指令的各種方式。

So for example, we have the rain aids, cues that we give with the reins.

舉例來說，我們有韔繩輔助，也就是透過韁繩給予的指令。

We have the seat aids, so cues that we give with our seat in the saddle.

我們有騎坐輔助，也就是我們透過馬鞍上的坐姿所給予的指令。

We have leg aids, and then we might also have aids from a whip or aids with something else like a spur.

我們有腿部輔助指令，另外也可能透過馬鞭或其他工具如馬刺來下達輔助指令。

In our final section, we're going to cover just a few terms that relate to the equipment that we use.

在最後一個單元，我們將介紹幾個與我們使用的設備相關的術語。

Tack.

謝謝。

So this is a pretty common one, but if you're brand new to horses, it might sound a little funny.

這其實是很常見的說法，但如果你是完全剛接觸馬的新手，聽起來可能會覺得有點奇怪。

But tack basically just sums up all the things that we use to ride a horse.

不過馬具基本上就是我們騎馬時會用到的所有裝備的總稱。

So if we're tacking up, it just means we're saddling and bridling the horse to get ready for riding.

所以如果我們在說「tacking up」，意思就是我們正在替馬匹裝上馬鞍和韁繩，準備騎乘。

Flakes of hay.

乾草碎屑。

So when we refer to a flake of hay, we're not actually referring to a single flake, But when hay is baled,

所以當我們提到一片乾草時，實際上指的並不是單一的草片，而是指乾草被打包成捆時的狀態。

it is compacted into smaller sections within the larger bale.

它在較大的捆包內被壓縮成更小的區塊。

Usually those smaller sections are about a tenth of a bale for a common size small bale.

一般來說，常見尺寸的小捆包，那些較小的部分大約是一捆包的十分之一。

And each of those sections is referred to as a flake.

而這些區段的每一個都被稱為 flake。

Cavaletti.

騎馬障礙架

So, cavalletti is basically a fancy term for poles on the ground

所以，cavalletti 基本上就是擺在地上的障礙桿的專業說法

that we have the horse step over for different training exercises.

我們有馬步動作可用於各種不同的訓練項目。

I hope you enjoyed this list of common horse riding and equipment terms.

希望您喜歡這份常見馬術騎乘與裝備術語的清單。

If you have any others to add to the list, go ahead and put them in the comments below.

如果這份清單還有其他要補充的項目，歡迎直接在下方留言告訴我們。

And the best comments and if you have any questions, those are best answered at crktrainingblog .com.

另外，最好的評論以及如果有任何問題，最適合的解答地點是 crktrainingblog.com。

You can go there now

你現在可以過去那裡了

and we've got tons of other free videos for you on all kinds of riding and training topics.

我們還有大量其他免費影片，涵蓋各種騎乘與訓練主題。

Thanks for watching.

感謝您的觀看。

I'll see you in the comments.

我們評論區見。

Thank you.

謝謝您。

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節口語課以影片“Horse Terms Explained”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：horse, leg, aids, term, refer。這段影片共有 94 個句子、1228 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 7:10。說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 171 個詞，接近日常對話。 83% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
refer 動詞	/ɹɪˈfɜː/	談到 /談到
barn 名詞	[ˈbɑɹn]	穀倉 /穀倉, 糧倉 /糧倉
bale 名詞	/beɪl/	捆包, 包
saddle 名詞	/ˈsæd(ə)l/	鞍, 鞍子
phrase 名詞	/ˈfɹeɪ̯z/	短語 /短語, 片語 /片語
instructor 名詞	/ɪnˈstɹʌktɚ/	教練 /教練
topic 名詞	/ˈtɑpɪk/	主題 /主題, 話題 /話題
lesson 名詞	/ˈlɛs.ən/	課業 /課業, -課 /-課
trail 名詞	/tɹeɪl/	足跡 /足跡, 蹤跡 /蹤跡
commonly 副詞	/ˈkɑmənli/	通常
sum 名詞	/sʌm/	總和 /總和, 總數 /總數
arena 名詞	/əˈɹiːnə/	舞臺 /舞臺, 阿雷納 /阿雷納
ton 名詞	/tʌn/	噸 /噸, 公噸 /公噸
pole 名詞	/pəʊl/	極 /極
grain 名詞	/ɡɹeɪn/	糧食 /糧食, 穀物 /穀物

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	發音	釋義
go ahead 動詞	/ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/	請便 /請便

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	is baled · is compacted · is referred
用 “might / may” 表可能 might/may + 動詞 — 有可能但不確定的事	might be · might also have · might sound
最高階 the -est / the most … — 一組中最高或最低的	the most common · the best
現在進行時 am/is/are + -ing — 此刻或近期正在發生的事	we're referring · are referring · we're talking

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 25 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 we're, I'm, doesn't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

長單詞——注意重音位置: terminology /ˌtɝ.məˈnɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, inexperienced /ɪnəkˈspɪəɹi.ənst/, excitable /ɪkˈsaɪtəbəl/, temperament /ˈtɛm.pɚ.ə.mənt/, unflappable /ʌnˈflæpəbəl/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: reactive /ɹiːˈæktɪv/, vague /veɪɡ/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/, relate /ɹɪˈleɪt/, reactive /ɹiːˈæktɪv/, topic /ˈtɑpɪk/, react /ɹiːˈækt/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: relate /ɹɪˈleɪt/, trail /tɹeɪl/, correctly /kəˈɹɛk(t).li/, bridle /ˈbɹaɪdəl/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 refer, barn, bale 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Horse Terms Explained - 通過影片學習英語口語

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