跟讀練習: Revealing 5 Secret Magic Tricks With Science - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Today we're gonna be teaching you five magic tricks you can do yourself at home to impress your friends.
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Actually even better than magic tricks because they use science like a levitating orb.
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Oh Emma needs her ladle back.
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These are tricks that I've never seen before
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and they're gonna be performed by our former middle school science teacher and even former-er middle school magician, Science Bob Flugfelder.
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Here we go.
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Trick number one involved nothing more than a metal ring, Bob's finger and some uncomfortable prolonged eye contact.
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Ready?
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Yeah.
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What the heck was that?
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There's no hinge on here.
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Let me just try it.
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One, two...
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Okay, maybe there's...
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Oh no!
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So this is a trick to use as persistence of vision.
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We have build box toys that utilize persistence of vision.
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That's true.
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The coin spinner.
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You spin the coin and it looks like Saturn has rings, but really it's just a circle on one side and rings on the other.
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I'm literally just pushing my finger.
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So at one point my pinky looks like that, but you don't see that.
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You can do it just right.
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One, two, three.
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Wow.
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Resistance of vision relies on the fact
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that your eyes can only send a limited number of visual pictures to the brain each second.
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Because the pinky bend happens so fast, there's a good chance your eyes never sent that part of the trick to your brain.
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Which means your brain has to assume the ring just went through your finger, even though it knows that's really not possible.
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And that's how you can pull out this mind-blowing trick like I do.
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Huh?
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Huh?
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Nate's laughing, so I don't think it worked after maybe a bit more practice.
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Oh dang it, stop laughing!
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For trick number two, Bob threw down not one, not two, but three cups, and then filled just one of them with water, at which point he gave me a challenge.
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I will scramble up the cup, try to remember which one has the water in it.
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Easy.
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In this one, here we go, and mixing, and mixing, and mixing, and mixing, and mixing.
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Okay, one, two, or three.
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Easy, one.
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Let's see if you are right.
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You are, hopefully you got that at home.
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That means we're going to the next level.
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It's in this thinner one.
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Okay, yeah.
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Here we go, and there we go, there we go.
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Mixing, mixing.
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Let's do that.
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One, two, three.
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I feel like that was even easier, Bob.
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Number two, thank you very much.
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If you're right, you are.
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One more time, one more time.
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It's in this one.
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Okay.
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Going, going, going, going.
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All right, one, two, or three.
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Two!
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Let's see if you're right.
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What?
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One or three.
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Three?
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Are you right?
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No. So here's the weird thing, there never was any water.
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Believe it or not, the science behind this is the same science that's used in diapers.
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Whoa.
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You need to get your hands on some diapers.
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Go and say, hey, can I borrow a diaper?
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Yeah, that's not weird.
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You will immediately see all this white powder coming out of that.
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And this white powder turns out to be a liquid absorbing polymer, which explains why it's in diapers.
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So Bob grabbed some clear cups to show me the secret
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was putting a little bit of the polymer into just one of the cups.
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And then after transferring water between the two empty cups, poured it into the polymer cup.
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After which...
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That water absorbing polymer starts going to work.
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And after just a little bit of time, no water in there.
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No water in that one and no water in that one.
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Whoa.
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That is wild. And magic.
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And after a quick clean up of the mess Bob's diaper left, we got to trick number three, which involved a big bottle of water containing a tiny packet of ketchup.
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Bring your hand near it and it will drop.
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It takes the warmth from your hand and it will change the density.
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There it is.
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Bob, that's not a valid explanation.
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Are you saying I was lying?
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Yes, I'm saying you were lying.
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Traditions lie a lot.
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It has nothing to do with the heat from your hand.
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Totally made that up.
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What it does have to do with is water pressure.
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So if I want this to sink, all I gotta do is actually squeeze this.
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Almost imperceivable squeeze will make that go down.
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This is called the Cartesian diver.
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Water can't compress, but the little air bubble inside of the ketchup can compress.
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So when I squeeze this, that changes the density and that causes it to sink until I release it.
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So that means the combination of the ketchup, the packet and that air bubble is really close to the density of water.
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It's almost neutrally buoyant, right?
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Almost.
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It turns out there's a secret ingredient to this trick.
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Because if you put the ketchup packet in regular water...
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You can see how this one's not floating the way you eat it.
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Yeah, it's not really floating.
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So you just add some salt and shake it up.
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Yeah.
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It's gonna increase the density of the water.
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Sure.
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Oh, now it definitely floats.
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And now it's floating.
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See, there it goes.
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Wow.
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And because salt water is denser than regular water, ketchup will float on it as long as the air bubble stays big.
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But when you squeeze the bottle, water pressure pushes all those little molecules of air in the bubble closer together.
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And that slight change in volume increases the density of the ketchup packet compared to the water around it, and just like magic, the packet sinks.
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Force.
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Now that Bob had busted out the force, it was time for trick number four, where he was going to show off further Jedi powers using a balloon,
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a ring cut from a plastic bag, and his own hair.
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What this is doing is putting a negative charge on it.
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And it's making your hair look cool.
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And then, if all goes well, they will.
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Isn't that cool?
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Oh, it's a balloon halo!
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Isn't that neat?
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You don't need to be a Jedi to pull this off, thanks to electrons.
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All materials in the world contain tiny particles called electrons, which have a negative charge.
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Certain materials, like plastic bags and wiffle ball bats, are able to pick up negative charges from other materials, like your hair, which gives away the charge easily.
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But it turns out that negative charges absolutely don't like hanging out together, And so they'll repel away from each other just like negative sides of a magnet repel each other.
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And so if one of those objects with a negative charge is light enough, like say a ring cut from a plastic bag,
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the repelling force is strong enough relative to gravity to push it away and make it float.
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Oh, it's like a UFO.
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Can I try?
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Yeah.
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Do I gotta use your hair?
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Sure.
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Cut!
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Oh yeah!
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There ya go.
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No way.
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I can move it up and down.
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I go to left, I go forward, I come back.
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I am an actual wizard.
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That or its electrons repelling each other.
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And feel free to get creative with the shapes you cut out.
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It's a jellyfish.
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Alright jellyfish, we're going for a walk.
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After taking a brief intermission so Bob could tend to my jellyfish thing.
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My face!
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We moved on to the next trick which only involves a pen and a water bottle.
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This doesn't always work.
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I'm gonna try it without the cap this time, see if it works better.
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Alright, here we go.
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One, two, three.
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Whoa!
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Check it out.
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What the heck just happened?
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Okay, if you squeeze it, that must be it.
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You squeeze it.
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Wait, nothing's happening.
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Bob!
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So this was a brain trick.
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Let's talk a little bit about light diffraction.
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This works because the sides are round.
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And so this acts as a lens.
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And so, when we tip it over, I can't see that pen at all.
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Then we bring the pen up, I can turn it.
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Your eyes are now on the pen.
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So you're not even thinking about one being behind.
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Now I take advantage of light diffraction the other way.
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So I can slip this away and all of your attention is on that.
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But let's see if the final trick could beat it, which started promisingly with another balloon.
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Now, if I can put this very pointy skewer through this balloon without popping it, will you buy me an ice cream?
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I'll buy you 12 ice creams, Bob.
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Excellent.
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Alright, here we go.
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Whoa.
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What?
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Here we go.
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What the heck?
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Maybe I'll go chocolate?
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What the heck?
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That feels like it shouldn't be possible.
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True, because your brain says, hey, if there's a hole in something, it's probably leaking.
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Yeah.
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But now we're using, once again, the power of the polymer.
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Can I make a guess?
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I noticed you didn't fully fill this up.
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Correct.
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So it's like the rubber's a little bit thicker, and it almost creates a seal.
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You also poked it at the bottom, where I know the rubber's thicker.
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Yeah.
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And then if you don't want to spoil it, you can just take it out.
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There you go.
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They never have a chance to check it out.
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Bob, show me this trick could also be performed with a big freezer bag and an absolute rainbow's worth of colored pencils.
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Pick whatever spot you want.
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Really?
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Relatively fast and confident.
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I can be fast and confident, Bob.
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Okay.
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The way you stepped to the side, though, that was not a confident sidestep.
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I'm not moving.
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Alright, here we go.
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Three, two, one.
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Pukka!
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Spoiler alert, this was fun.
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That's trippy.
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It's because your brain thinks if something is full of water and it has a hole in it, it's supposed to leak.
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The polymers are sealing that off.
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In fact, oh no. Maybe it was too fun.
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Oh no!
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We've tried to leak!
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Alright, so that means I moved a little on that one.
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For our viewers, see how many of these you can get in a single bag without that.
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Tag us at Crunch Labs.
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Winner gets 12 ice creams.
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Alright, well there's a bunch of science tricks that are better than magic, and now I have a final science trick of my own.
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Back to work, Bob.
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Yes, sir.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這段影片共有 218 個句子、1767 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 8:59。 說話人語速較快,每分鐘約 197 個詞,會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 82% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞,其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個不太常見的單詞,附發音和釋義:

  • trick /ˈtɹɪk/ (名詞) — 詭計 /詭計, 騙術 /騙術. Something designed to fool, dupe, outsmart, mislead or swindle.
  • float /fləʊt/ (動詞) — 浮, 漂浮. To be supported by a fluid of greater density (than the object).
  • squeeze /skwiːz/ (動詞) — 壓榨, 擠壓 /擠壓. To apply pressure (to something) from two or more sides at once.
  • polymer /ˈpɑ.lɪ.mɚ/ (名詞) — 聚合體 /聚合體. A long or larger molecule consisting of a chain or network of many repeating units, formed by chemically bonding together many identical or similar small…
  • density /ˈdɛn.sə.ti/ (名詞) — 密度. A measure of the mass of matter contained by a unit volume.
  • packet /ˈpæk.ɪt/ (名詞) — 包, 小包. A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel
  • bubble /ˈbʌbəl/ (名詞) — 泡, 氣泡 /氣泡. A spherically contained volume of air or other gas in a liquid, commonly a soapy liquid.
  • balloon /bəˈlun/ (名詞) — 氣球 /氣球. An inflatable buoyant object, often (but not necessarily) round and flexible.
  • whoa /woʊ/ — 籲. Stop (especially when commanding a horse or imitative thereof); calm down; slow down.
  • finger /ˈfɪŋɡɚ/ (名詞) — 手指, 指頭 /指頭. A slender jointed extremity of the human hand, (often) exclusive of the thumb, and the corresponding part, irrespective of including a thumb, in many other…
  • sink /ˈsɪŋk/ (動詞) — 沉, 下沉. To descend or submerge (or to cause to do so) into a liquid or similar substance.
  • leak /liːk/ (名詞) — 漏洞. A crack, crevice, fissure, or hole which admits water or other fluid, or lets it escape.
  • thick /θɪk/ (形容詞) — ху, 厚. Relatively great in extent from one surface to the opposite in its smallest solid dimension.
  • seal /siːl/ (名詞) — 印章, 圖章 /圖章. A stamp used to impress a design on a soft substance such as wax.
  • powder /ˈpaʊ.dɚ/ (名詞) — 粉, 粉末. The fine particles which are the result of reducing a dry substance by pounding, grinding, or triturating, or the result of decay; dust.

影片中出現的短語動詞

  • turn out (動詞) — 原來 /原來. To end up; to result.
  • come back (動詞) — 回來 /回來, 返回. To return to a place.
  • go down (動詞) — 下降, 下去. To descend; to move from a higher place to a lower one.
  • go through (動詞) — 通過 /通過. To travel from one end of something to the other.
  • pick up (動詞) — 拾取, 撿 /撿. To lift; to grasp and raise.
  • show off (動詞) — 炫耀, 賣弄 /賣弄. To exhibit the best attributes of something.

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 35 次縮略和弱讀形式,例如 don't, gonna, I'm。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

  • “th” 音: thick /θɪk/, thin /ˈθɪn/, warmth /wɔɹmθ/
  • “sh” 和 “zh” 音: explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, shake /ˈʃeɪk/, jellyfish /ˈd͡ʒɛliˌfɪʃ/, diffraction /dɪˈfɹækʃən/, intermission /ɪntɚˈmɪʃən/
  • 長單詞——注意重音位置: explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bl̩/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/, intermission /ɪntɚˈmɪʃən/

如何用這段影片練習

  1. 先完整聽一遍影片,不要開口,記下不認識的單詞。
  2. 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀,熟練之後再回到正常速度。
  3. 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比,特別注意 trick, float, squeeze 這類單詞。

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構,並附上影片中的原話:

結構影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼,而不是誰做的be performed · is called
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事I've never seen · We've tried
過去進行時 was/were + -ing — 過去某一時刻正在進行的動作was putting · was lying · were lying
比較級 -er than / more … than — 比較兩個事物better than · denser than

什麼是跟讀法?

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧,最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓,並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大:您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同,跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性,語調,節奏,連讀,聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

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