跟讀練習: The bizarre science of enlightenment - 通過影片學習英語口語
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59 句
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1
- Enlightenment is often held out as a thing that we can get.
2
Sometimes people feel like, well, if I just have those experiences, then I'm enlightened.
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But nobody lives in a kind of unusual, altered state all the time.
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That, in fact, we move in and out of states of being more awakened or less awakened.
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- These are not experiences that are happening only to the Mother Teresa's of the world and the Buddha's of the world.
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These are experiences that are happening to everyone.
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And when we start to think about the brain, we can look at the areas of the brain that help us to determine which things in our lives are particularly important, are particularly intense to us.
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- A lot of people think that somehow gaining knowledge about the world and how the world works detracts from its beauty.
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Quite the opposite.
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The more we understand, the more we can appreciate, the more we can find wonder and awe.
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- We try to divide it into two basic ideas about enlightenment and one is what I usually refer to as the “small e” enlightenment experiences.
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And these are the kinds of experiences that people have- kind of the sudden epiphany about how to resolve some issue you been working on for a long time, and you suddenly figure it out and you kind of understand things in a different way for the first time.
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But that's the “little e” experience, and the “big E” experiences are usually those experiences that are kind of are life changing.
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They’re mind blowing.
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They change everything about the way you think about the world, about life, about death, about spirituality.
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It changes everything about who you are.
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This usually occurs within an area of our brain called the limbic system, particularly areas such as the amygdala and the hippocampus, which light up, they go crazy when something really important happens in our life.
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Another core element of these experiences, for example, is a feeling of unity, connectedness, oneness.
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There's an area of our brain, a parietal lobe, which is in the back of our brain.
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And this normally takes all of our sensory information and helps us to reconstruct a sense of our self, and how that self relates to the world in some kind of spatial way.
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What we've found that this area of the brain in particular, starts to quiet down when people have these profound experiences of oneness or unity.
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And this makes a lot of sense.
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If it's trying to create your sense of self and your sense of space, if it starts to shut down, well, you lose your sense of self, you lose your sense of space.
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And I suppose ultimately one of the most important aspects of the enlightenment experience is its permanence, is that it rearranges the way our brain works for the rest of our lives.
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And one of the key areas that seems to be involved in that is a very central structure called the thalamus.
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Some people think that the thalamus is actually the seed of consciousness.
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Well, this is an area that seems to be dramatically changed by these kinds of practices and experiences.
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So if you think about it, if the thalamus is changed, it's really changing a person's overall perceptions of reality.
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The way they think about reality, the way they sense reality, and ultimately the way their brain interacts with that reality.
30
- There's this notion that somehow scientists have this sterile, clinical, logical, rational view of the world that leaves no room for mystery and awe and magic and wonder.
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On the contrary, everything I learn about how the world is tells me it's full of magic and wonder.
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It's often said that the more we know about the workings of the universe, the more we don't know.
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So our growing understanding really tells us about our growing ignorance.
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I tend to think of our knowledge of the universe, and of reality like an island. The interior of the island is the well-established science that we know very well.
35
The shoreline around the island, that's the limits of our understanding.
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And beyond it is the ocean of the unknown.
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Of course, we don't know whether that ocean goes on forever.
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As we gain in our knowledge and understanding.
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The island is growing in size, so we’re reaching out.
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We can take a paddle out into the water to see some of the mysteries that we're trying to tackle now that we still don't understand, but we don't know how much further our understanding needs to go.
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We don't know whether we will ever one day know everything about the nature of reality.
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And in a way that's nice.
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That's exciting.
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- Enlightenment; It's a concept that's very old and it can mean so many different things.
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But in my Zen tradition, it really refers to waking up to the truth of what life is. Most specifically, the interconnectedness of everything.
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The essential oneness of everything.
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On one level, everything exists separately.
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I exist separately from you, and at the deepest level, none of it is separate.
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All of it is completely interconnected and always changing.
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That is awakening to the truth of life.
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Shunryū Suzuki, a very important Zen teacher in the United States in the 20th century, was famous for saying that there's no such thing as an enlightened person.
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There is only enlightened activity.
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And what he meant by that was that no person is finally, fully and forever enlightened.
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There is only this moment’s activity.
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So if I do something that is kind, that pays attention to my interconnectedness with everyone and everything, that is enlightened activity.
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If I do something that's selfish, if I do something that destroys the planet, that is unenlightened activity.
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And so the idea of pursuing enlightenment really is not pursuing a self-improvement project.
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It's pursuing a way to be as compassionate as I can in each moment, to pursue enlightened activity in as many moments as I can string together in my life.
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That's the goal.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節 C1 級別的口語課以影片“The bizarre science of enlightenment”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：experience, brain, sense, enlightened, enlightenment。 這段影片共有 59 個句子、1019 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 6:43。 說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 152 個詞，接近日常對話。 87% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| enlightenment 名詞 | /ɪnˈlaɪtənmənt/ | 啟發 /啟發, 啟迪 /啟迪 |
| awaken 動詞 | /əˈweɪkən/ | 喚醒 /喚醒, 叫醒 |
| oneness 名詞 | 統一性 /統一性 | |
| thalamus 名詞 | /ˈθæləməs/ | 丘腦 /丘腦 |
| separately 副詞 | /ˈsɛp.ɹət.li/ | 分別 /分別, 單獨 /單獨 |
| amygdala 名詞 | /əˈmɪɡ.də.lə/ | 杏仁體 /杏仁體 |
| epiphany 名詞 | /ɪˈpɪfəni/ | 頓悟 /頓悟, 洞察 |
| excite 動詞 | /ɪkˈsaɪt/ | 激動 /激動 |
| hippocampus 名詞 | /ˌhɪpə(ʊ)ˈkæm.pəs/ | 海馬 /海馬 |
| paddle 名詞 | /ˈpædl̩/ | 槳 /槳 |
| permanence 名詞 | /ˈpɜɹmənəns/ | 永久性, 永恆性 /永恆性 |
| shoreline 名詞 | 海岸線 /海岸線, 岸線 /岸線 | |
| sterile 形容詞 | /ˈstɛɹəl/ | 不孕的, 貧瘠的 /貧瘠的 |
| spirituality 名詞 | /ˌspɪɹ.ə.t͡ʃuˈæl.ə.tɪ/ | 靈性 /靈性 |
| compassionate 形容詞 | /kəmˈpæʃənət/ | 有愛心 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 釋義 |
|---|---|
| hold out 動詞 | 等待 |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 10 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, we're, I'm。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: compassionate /kəmˈpæʃənət/, spatial /ˈspeɪ.ʃəl/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: enlightenment /ɪnˈlaɪtənmənt/, amygdala /əˈmɪɡ.də.lə/, epiphany /ɪˈpɪfəni/, hippocampus /ˌhɪpə(ʊ)ˈkæm.pəs/, interconnect /ˌɪn.tə.kəˈnɛkt/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: enlightenment /ɪnˈlaɪtənmənt/, thalamus /ˈθæləməs/, detract /dɪˈtɹækt/, excite /ɪkˈsaɪt/, hippocampus /ˌhɪpə(ʊ)ˈkæm.pəs/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: separately /ˈsɛp.ɹət.li/, parietal /pəˈɹaɪ.ə.təl/, sterile /ˈstɛɹəl/, spirituality /ˌspɪɹ.ə.t͡ʃuˈæl.ə.tɪ/, alter /ˈɔl.təɹ/
- /æ/ — 嘴張大，不要讀成 /e/: thalamus /ˈθæləməs/, detract /dɪˈtɹækt/, hippocampus /ˌhɪpə(ʊ)ˈkæm.pəs/, paddle /ˈpædl̩/, spirituality /ˌspɪɹ.ə.t͡ʃuˈæl.ə.tɪ/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 enlightenment, awaken, oneness 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。