跟读练习: The bizarre science of enlightenment - 通过视频学习英语口语
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59 句
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- Enlightenment is often held out as a thing that we can get.
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Sometimes people feel like, well, if I just have those experiences, then I'm enlightened.
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But nobody lives in a kind of unusual, altered state all the time.
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That, in fact, we move in and out of states of being more awakened or less awakened.
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- These are not experiences that are happening only to the Mother Teresa's of the world and the Buddha's of the world.
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These are experiences that are happening to everyone.
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And when we start to think about the brain, we can look at the areas of the brain that help us to determine which things in our lives are particularly important, are particularly intense to us.
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- A lot of people think that somehow gaining knowledge about the world and how the world works detracts from its beauty.
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Quite the opposite.
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The more we understand, the more we can appreciate, the more we can find wonder and awe.
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- We try to divide it into two basic ideas about enlightenment and one is what I usually refer to as the “small e” enlightenment experiences.
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And these are the kinds of experiences that people have- kind of the sudden epiphany about how to resolve some issue you been working on for a long time, and you suddenly figure it out and you kind of understand things in a different way for the first time.
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But that's the “little e” experience, and the “big E” experiences are usually those experiences that are kind of are life changing.
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They’re mind blowing.
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They change everything about the way you think about the world, about life, about death, about spirituality.
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It changes everything about who you are.
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This usually occurs within an area of our brain called the limbic system, particularly areas such as the amygdala and the hippocampus, which light up, they go crazy when something really important happens in our life.
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Another core element of these experiences, for example, is a feeling of unity, connectedness, oneness.
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There's an area of our brain, a parietal lobe, which is in the back of our brain.
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And this normally takes all of our sensory information and helps us to reconstruct a sense of our self, and how that self relates to the world in some kind of spatial way.
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What we've found that this area of the brain in particular, starts to quiet down when people have these profound experiences of oneness or unity.
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And this makes a lot of sense.
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If it's trying to create your sense of self and your sense of space, if it starts to shut down, well, you lose your sense of self, you lose your sense of space.
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And I suppose ultimately one of the most important aspects of the enlightenment experience is its permanence, is that it rearranges the way our brain works for the rest of our lives.
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And one of the key areas that seems to be involved in that is a very central structure called the thalamus.
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Some people think that the thalamus is actually the seed of consciousness.
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Well, this is an area that seems to be dramatically changed by these kinds of practices and experiences.
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So if you think about it, if the thalamus is changed, it's really changing a person's overall perceptions of reality.
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The way they think about reality, the way they sense reality, and ultimately the way their brain interacts with that reality.
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- There's this notion that somehow scientists have this sterile, clinical, logical, rational view of the world that leaves no room for mystery and awe and magic and wonder.
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On the contrary, everything I learn about how the world is tells me it's full of magic and wonder.
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It's often said that the more we know about the workings of the universe, the more we don't know.
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So our growing understanding really tells us about our growing ignorance.
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I tend to think of our knowledge of the universe, and of reality like an island. The interior of the island is the well-established science that we know very well.
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The shoreline around the island, that's the limits of our understanding.
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And beyond it is the ocean of the unknown.
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Of course, we don't know whether that ocean goes on forever.
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As we gain in our knowledge and understanding.
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The island is growing in size, so we’re reaching out.
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We can take a paddle out into the water to see some of the mysteries that we're trying to tackle now that we still don't understand, but we don't know how much further our understanding needs to go.
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We don't know whether we will ever one day know everything about the nature of reality.
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And in a way that's nice.
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That's exciting.
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- Enlightenment; It's a concept that's very old and it can mean so many different things.
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But in my Zen tradition, it really refers to waking up to the truth of what life is. Most specifically, the interconnectedness of everything.
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The essential oneness of everything.
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On one level, everything exists separately.
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I exist separately from you, and at the deepest level, none of it is separate.
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All of it is completely interconnected and always changing.
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That is awakening to the truth of life.
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Shunryū Suzuki, a very important Zen teacher in the United States in the 20th century, was famous for saying that there's no such thing as an enlightened person.
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There is only enlightened activity.
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And what he meant by that was that no person is finally, fully and forever enlightened.
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There is only this moment’s activity.
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So if I do something that is kind, that pays attention to my interconnectedness with everyone and everything, that is enlightened activity.
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If I do something that's selfish, if I do something that destroys the planet, that is unenlightened activity.
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And so the idea of pursuing enlightenment really is not pursuing a self-improvement project.
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It's pursuing a way to be as compassionate as I can in each moment, to pursue enlightened activity in as many moments as I can string together in my life.
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That's the goal.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 C1 级别的口语课以视频“The bizarre science of enlightenment”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：experience, brain, sense, enlightened, enlightenment。 这段视频共有 59 个句子、1019 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 6:43。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 152 个词，接近日常对话。 87% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| enlightenment 名词 | /ɪnˈlaɪtənmənt/ | 啟發 /启发, 啟迪 /启迪 |
| awaken 动词 | /əˈweɪkən/ | 喚醒 /唤醒, 叫醒 |
| oneness 名词 | 統一性 /统一性 | |
| thalamus 名词 | /ˈθæləməs/ | 丘腦 /丘脑 |
| separately 副词 | /ˈsɛp.ɹət.li/ | 分別 /分别, 單獨 /单独 |
| amygdala 名词 | /əˈmɪɡ.də.lə/ | 杏仁體 /杏仁体 |
| epiphany 名词 | /ɪˈpɪfəni/ | 頓悟 /顿悟, 洞察 |
| excite 动词 | /ɪkˈsaɪt/ | 激動 /激动 |
| hippocampus 名词 | /ˌhɪpə(ʊ)ˈkæm.pəs/ | 海馬 /海马 |
| paddle 名词 | /ˈpædl̩/ | 槳 /桨 |
| permanence 名词 | /ˈpɜɹmənəns/ | 永久性, 永恆性 /永恒性 |
| shoreline 名词 | 海岸線 /海岸线, 岸線 /岸线 | |
| sterile 形容词 | /ˈstɛɹəl/ | 不孕的, 貧瘠的 /贫瘠的 |
| spirituality 名词 | /ˌspɪɹ.ə.t͡ʃuˈæl.ə.tɪ/ | 靈性 /灵性 |
| compassionate 形容词 | /kəmˈpæʃənət/ | 有爱心 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| hold out 动词 | 等待 |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 10 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 don't, we're, I'm。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: compassionate /kəmˈpæʃənət/, spatial /ˈspeɪ.ʃəl/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: enlightenment /ɪnˈlaɪtənmənt/, amygdala /əˈmɪɡ.də.lə/, epiphany /ɪˈpɪfəni/, hippocampus /ˌhɪpə(ʊ)ˈkæm.pəs/, interconnect /ˌɪn.tə.kəˈnɛkt/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: enlightenment /ɪnˈlaɪtənmənt/, thalamus /ˈθæləməs/, detract /dɪˈtɹækt/, excite /ɪkˈsaɪt/, hippocampus /ˌhɪpə(ʊ)ˈkæm.pəs/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: separately /ˈsɛp.ɹət.li/, parietal /pəˈɹaɪ.ə.təl/, sterile /ˈstɛɹəl/, spirituality /ˌspɪɹ.ə.t͡ʃuˈæl.ə.tɪ/, alter /ˈɔl.təɹ/
- /æ/ — 嘴张大，不要读成 /e/: thalamus /ˈθæləməs/, detract /dɪˈtɹækt/, hippocampus /ˌhɪpə(ʊ)ˈkæm.pəs/, paddle /ˈpædl̩/, spirituality /ˌspɪɹ.ə.t͡ʃuˈæl.ə.tɪ/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 enlightenment, awaken, oneness 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。