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I guess in the free market example, you have 100 people, but there's no illegal immigration, but there's no minimum wage.

我想在自由市場的例子中，有100個人，沒有非法移民，但也沒有最低工資。

These people are naturally incentivized to get together and agree, you know, we won't accept any wage lower than this,

like collective bargaining, which is kind of like a socialist principle.

So I guess I'm just proposing if these...

Well, they can do that, but at the end of the day, the business owner will be able to decide, right?

It's true.

And if these people, then they're going to starve.

You know, you work or don't eat.

I guess that's fair, yeah.

I guess my argument here is that the capitalist system that we have, you know, with free markets inherently drifts towards this kind of cronyism

and I think part of this economic system enables

and in part requires the mass immigration that we see today

and I mean maybe it's it's weird to think about

but I'll give like a little economics example I guess imagine there's a thousand people at this university

and there's like 10 jobs on university

and everybody says I will no longer accept any what's it called any wage lower than $15 an hour all

So these people are thinking, okay, well, I'm not going to get paid $14 or $13.

But it's in these companies' interests, these businesses that work there,

simply to make the most money and to expand that they need people who will accept less wages.

So let's say, well, why don't we bring in a whole bunch of people from overseas?

Yes, I see the argument that you're making, and I don't mean to interrupt you, but it's rather long.

The point is not with immigrants.

The point is with minimum wage laws.

Because minimum wage laws are not free market.

You are telling an employer what amount they are able to pay an employee, right?

I'm not sure.

Do you know what the profit margin of the majority of small businesses in America is?

I assume it's pretty slim.

It's 1 % is the average, right?

So now let's say you're a business and you don't have a minimum wage

and you're paying two guys $10 an hour to go and work and sell sandwiches, whatever.

Now the government comes in and says, well, you have to pay these people $15 an hour.

What does that do?

You've got to fire a guy, right?

And so now you're paying, maybe one guy gets paid a little bit more, but now you have less of a worker.

It makes your business suffer, right?

The business owner should be the one in a free market to decide how much I pay this person.

And if someone comes in and says, well, that's not fair, then they can go to a different business, right?

Or achieve different skills to advance themselves to go and do a different thing themselves, right?

So it's not actually an immigration debate you're having on that.

It's a minimum wage law debate.

All right.

I understand where you're coming from.

And for the sake of the example, or my argument, let's say there was no minimum wage laws, there would still kind of be a societal,

say there's 100 people, you know, they all need this amount to survive, or they want this amount.

And I think immigration, see if there still is no minimum wage laws, let's say they're paying a guy like 10 bucks.

If you could still bring in a guy and pay him one bucks as a business owner, you totally would, right?

Right.

But you can do that with an American citizen, too, if you have no minimum wage law

because you could have before 1960 right this country was like 90 percent white

and pretty much everyone was legal everyone was actually a citizen of this country right

so how did we get these things done before

that right you know what i mean you know i'm saying

so it's like people were willing to do those jobs

and take less money and then build themselves up or

if it said oh i'm not getting paid enough here

or i don't like my boss i'll go find a different type of job

you know what i mean yeah no i agree with you saying um i guess i just have to touch like inflation.

I mean, you know, back in the 1950s, 1960s, a lot of people could afford a house,

a home, a college education with a lot less work than we do have nowadays.

And my argument is just the more people we have and the more people that move in,

the less your average person gets paid because there's so many people

that the value of like how much it pays one person goes down.

So I guess my value of labor does go down with more immigration.

So I guess my argument is

that our economic system needs the value of labor to go down to reduce input costs because we want cheaper stuff.

Everybody here, they want to consume goods, whether it be media or iPhones or food.

And in order for that, you know, you can do a lot of supply chain management.

By the end of the day, it really comes down to how low can we get the cost of labor?

And if you were to go completely libertarian with it and say, you know, completely free markets and all of this,

then having completely free markets with no regulations is the only way you can have illegal immigration.

Because if you don't have completely free markets and you have wage, minimum wage laws, you have regulations, you have anti -globalism, you have tariffs,

you have protectionism, all these different things, it will not induce business to actually thrive,

and people will get the shaft on that for the immigrants and for the citizens who are in that country.

Because then there's no reason for them to pay American citizens that wage.

If they know they can pay an illegal immigrant less, then why would they pay an American citizen more for the same job?

Exactly.

Right.

Which is what I'm saying, and that's part of the minimum wage.

So if you got rid of the minimum wage, then maybe some American comes and says,

well, I'll work on a farm for the same price that an illegal immigrant is doing it for now,

you know, and then build my way up.

You have that freedom.

But with minimum wage laws, you don't have that freedom.

Yeah, I have to agree with that.

But I still think that as business owners, your interest is you must make as much profit

or else someone else will make more profit you outcompete

you you lose right thank goodness that's how it should be um

and that's a that's a very dynamic system

and allows for a lot of the companies we have nowadays

which can really create a lot of you know gdp

and buildings and everything around us but i would argue

that it is in their inherent interest simply to make profit

that illegal immigration and immigration as a whole is desired so it's

In my view, at least, it's impossible to view immigration as an issue in itself

when you need to consider that these businesses really want that as well.

Right, but if they could choose to pay, if an American could choose to have themselves work for less, they would.

The problem is a minimum wage of why these people want to bring in illegals

because they're forced to pay an American citizen this much.

100

Whereas if they're an illegal alien, they can pay them whatever they want, right?

101

Right?

102

So of course.

103

But if you had people in a total free market and said, oh, we can pay this person whatever I want

104

and then I can choose to be paid whatever I want within the market, whatever this employer wants to pay me,

105

and people can shop around and say this job's good, this one's not, then the illegal immigration is,

106

you know, it's not nearly as worthwhile for businesses to want because they can just pay citizens.

107

I mean, paying people less, they'll have less money to spend.

108

That lowers the standard of living.

109

I guess this is kind of a weird shift to the argument.

110

I guess it's better phrased as like, if we even allow this as a thing to happen, even if it's just paying people less,

111

these companies still need to make money.

112

They're still going to lower input costs and the quality of your average person.

113

And we're putting quality in terms of material,

114

which I don't really think your life and your happiness is determined by how many things you can buy.

115

You know, money doesn't buy happiness.

116

I think it's a lot more meaningful than that.

117

But in our current society, you know, money and well -being is mostly just financial.

118

How much money do I have?

119

How much new things can I buy?

120

You know, all that sort of thing.

121

If you allow these businesses to, I guess, in the free market example, you have 100 people, but there's no illegal immigration,

122

but there's no minimum wage.

123

These people are naturally incentivized to get together and agree, you know, we won't accept any wage lower than this,

124

like collective bargaining, which is kind of like a socialist principle.

125

So I guess I'm just proposing.

126

Well, they can do that, but at the end of the day, the business owner will be able to decide, right?

127

It's true.

128

And if these people, then they're going to starve.

129

You know, you work or don't eat.

130

I guess that's fair, yeah.

131

That's how you've got to look at it, you know.

132

These are able -bodied people.

133

So, I guess how you put it...

134

I'll end it with this, just back and forth.

135

Because I know I've got other people in line.

136

I don't want everyone to get held up.

137

I guess I'll come back later.

138

But in order to solve the illegal immigration problem in an incentive purpose, you would have to lower the minimum,

139

or you'd have to remove minimum wages to allow for dynamic labor?

140

Yes.

141

that is definitely part of the problem yes i just personally worry

142

that this kind of decreases your average living

143

and i think it makes people on a i think people as a whole would come together

144

if they're getting paid

145

so little yeah i mean that's what unions are yeah you know people have the ability to make unions

146

and do those kind of things not that usually they do any good

147

but um that that is their freedom to be able to do right yeah

148

but like if a business was run by five of its own workers

149

and there was no real incentive to make a massive amount of profit

150

but more just i guess it doesn't work that way

151

because uh they need to make profit to have their job secured

152

but um like a business owned by its own workers would

153

never support importing people to replace them for lower wages

154

so they make more money so my argument is

155

that businesses themselves as they're currently structured any employee wouldn't want someone to come in

156

and take their job even if they don't own the means of production exactly

157

but an executive would because they can pay them less

158

so I'm just saying I'll end it here

159

because I mean right it's kind of like why you have to stop illegal immigration

160

Thank you.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節口語課以影片“移民搶工作，還是最低工資害的？大學生 vs 保守派 8 分鐘完整辯論｜中英字幕”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：wage, minimum, guess, immigration, illegal。這段影片共有 160 個句子、1945 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 9:03。說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 215 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 88% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙容易理解。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
wage 名詞	/weɪd͡ʒ/	工資 /工資, 薪金
immigration 名詞	/ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/	移民, 遷入 /遷入
citizen 名詞	/ˈsɪtɪzən/	市民
immigrant 名詞	/ˈɪmɪɡɹənt/	移民, 移民者
worker 名詞	/ˈwɝ.kɚ/	工人, 工作者
happiness 名詞	/ˈhæpinɪs/	幸福, 快樂 /快樂
regulation 名詞	/ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/	規則 /規則, 規例 /規例
input 名詞	/ˈɪnpʊt/	輸入 /輸入
principle 名詞	/ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/	原理, 原則 /原則
employer 名詞	/ɪmˈplɔɪə/	僱主, 老闆
socialist 名詞	/ˈsoʊ.ʃə.lɪst/	社會主義者 /社會主義者, 社會黨人 /社會黨人
nowadays 副詞	/ˈnaʊ.ə.deɪz/	現在 /現在, 現今 /現今
propose 動詞	/pɹəˈpəʊz/	提議 /提議
incentive 名詞	/ɪnˈsɛntɪv/	刺激, 誘因 /誘因
bargain 名詞	/ˈbɑːɹɡən/	契約 /契約, 合同

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	發音	釋義
come back 動詞		回來 /回來, 返回
come together 動詞	/ˈkʌm tʊˈɡɛðɚ/	集合, 聯合
go down 動詞		下降, 下去

值得反覆跟讀的句子

影片中簡短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常對話裡：

You know, you work or don't eat.
You've got to fire a guy, right?
I understand where you're coming from.
How much money do I have?
How much new things can I buy?

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	are naturally incentivized · is desired · be paid
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	bargaining, which is · people who will

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 50 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, I'm, they're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“th” 音: worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/, thrive /θɹajv/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: immigration /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, socialist /ˈsoʊ.ʃə.lɪst/, inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, shaft /ˈʃɑːft/
長單詞——注意重音位置: immigration /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/, capitalist /ˈkæp.ɪ.tə.lɪst/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: collective /kəˈlɛktɪv/, incentive /ɪnˈsɛntɪv/, starve /stɑɹv/, solve /sɒlv/, overseas /ˌoʊvɚˈsiːz/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: wage /weɪd͡ʒ/, immigrant /ˈɪmɪɡɹənt/, happiness /ˈhæpinɪs/, input /ˈɪnpʊt/, dynamic /daɪˈnæm.ɪk/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, principle /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/, inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 wage, immigration, citizen 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: 移民搶工作，還是最低工資害的？大學生 vs 保守派 8 分鐘完整辯論｜中英字幕 - 通過影片學習英語口語

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