Практика Shadowing: 移民搶工作，還是最低工資害的？大學生 vs 保守派 8 分鐘完整辯論｜中英字幕 - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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160 предложений

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I guess in the free market example, you have 100 people, but there's no illegal immigration, but there's no minimum wage.

These people are naturally incentivized to get together and agree, you know, we won't accept any wage lower than this,

like collective bargaining, which is kind of like a socialist principle.

So I guess I'm just proposing if these...

Well, they can do that, but at the end of the day, the business owner will be able to decide, right?

It's true.

And if these people, then they're going to starve.

You know, you work or don't eat.

I guess that's fair, yeah.

I guess my argument here is that the capitalist system that we have, you know, with free markets inherently drifts towards this kind of cronyism

and I think part of this economic system enables

and in part requires the mass immigration that we see today

and I mean maybe it's it's weird to think about

but I'll give like a little economics example I guess imagine there's a thousand people at this university

and there's like 10 jobs on university

and everybody says I will no longer accept any what's it called any wage lower than $15 an hour all

So these people are thinking, okay, well, I'm not going to get paid $14 or $13.

But it's in these companies' interests, these businesses that work there,

simply to make the most money and to expand that they need people who will accept less wages.

So let's say, well, why don't we bring in a whole bunch of people from overseas?

Yes, I see the argument that you're making, and I don't mean to interrupt you, but it's rather long.

The point is not with immigrants.

The point is with minimum wage laws.

Because minimum wage laws are not free market.

You are telling an employer what amount they are able to pay an employee, right?

I'm not sure.

Do you know what the profit margin of the majority of small businesses in America is?

I assume it's pretty slim.

It's 1 % is the average, right?

So now let's say you're a business and you don't have a minimum wage

and you're paying two guys $10 an hour to go and work and sell sandwiches, whatever.

Now the government comes in and says, well, you have to pay these people $15 an hour.

What does that do?

You've got to fire a guy, right?

And so now you're paying, maybe one guy gets paid a little bit more, but now you have less of a worker.

It makes your business suffer, right?

The business owner should be the one in a free market to decide how much I pay this person.

And if someone comes in and says, well, that's not fair, then they can go to a different business, right?

Or achieve different skills to advance themselves to go and do a different thing themselves, right?

So it's not actually an immigration debate you're having on that.

It's a minimum wage law debate.

All right.

I understand where you're coming from.

And for the sake of the example, or my argument, let's say there was no minimum wage laws, there would still kind of be a societal,

say there's 100 people, you know, they all need this amount to survive, or they want this amount.

And I think immigration, see if there still is no minimum wage laws, let's say they're paying a guy like 10 bucks.

If you could still bring in a guy and pay him one bucks as a business owner, you totally would, right?

Right.

But you can do that with an American citizen, too, if you have no minimum wage law

because you could have before 1960 right this country was like 90 percent white

and pretty much everyone was legal everyone was actually a citizen of this country right

so how did we get these things done before

that right you know what i mean you know i'm saying

so it's like people were willing to do those jobs

and take less money and then build themselves up or

if it said oh i'm not getting paid enough here

or i don't like my boss i'll go find a different type of job

you know what i mean yeah no i agree with you saying um i guess i just have to touch like inflation.

I mean, you know, back in the 1950s, 1960s, a lot of people could afford a house,

a home, a college education with a lot less work than we do have nowadays.

And my argument is just the more people we have and the more people that move in,

the less your average person gets paid because there's so many people

that the value of like how much it pays one person goes down.

So I guess my value of labor does go down with more immigration.

So I guess my argument is

that our economic system needs the value of labor to go down to reduce input costs because we want cheaper stuff.

Everybody here, they want to consume goods, whether it be media or iPhones or food.

And in order for that, you know, you can do a lot of supply chain management.

By the end of the day, it really comes down to how low can we get the cost of labor?

And if you were to go completely libertarian with it and say, you know, completely free markets and all of this,

then having completely free markets with no regulations is the only way you can have illegal immigration.

Because if you don't have completely free markets and you have wage, minimum wage laws, you have regulations, you have anti -globalism, you have tariffs,

you have protectionism, all these different things, it will not induce business to actually thrive,

and people will get the shaft on that for the immigrants and for the citizens who are in that country.

Because then there's no reason for them to pay American citizens that wage.

If they know they can pay an illegal immigrant less, then why would they pay an American citizen more for the same job?

Exactly.

Right.

Which is what I'm saying, and that's part of the minimum wage.

So if you got rid of the minimum wage, then maybe some American comes and says,

well, I'll work on a farm for the same price that an illegal immigrant is doing it for now,

you know, and then build my way up.

You have that freedom.

But with minimum wage laws, you don't have that freedom.

Yeah, I have to agree with that.

But I still think that as business owners, your interest is you must make as much profit

or else someone else will make more profit you outcompete

you you lose right thank goodness that's how it should be um

and that's a that's a very dynamic system

and allows for a lot of the companies we have nowadays

which can really create a lot of you know gdp

and buildings and everything around us but i would argue

that it is in their inherent interest simply to make profit

that illegal immigration and immigration as a whole is desired so it's

In my view, at least, it's impossible to view immigration as an issue in itself

when you need to consider that these businesses really want that as well.

Right, but if they could choose to pay, if an American could choose to have themselves work for less, they would.

The problem is a minimum wage of why these people want to bring in illegals

because they're forced to pay an American citizen this much.

100

Whereas if they're an illegal alien, they can pay them whatever they want, right?

101

Right?

102

So of course.

103

But if you had people in a total free market and said, oh, we can pay this person whatever I want

104

and then I can choose to be paid whatever I want within the market, whatever this employer wants to pay me,

105

and people can shop around and say this job's good, this one's not, then the illegal immigration is,

106

you know, it's not nearly as worthwhile for businesses to want because they can just pay citizens.

107

I mean, paying people less, they'll have less money to spend.

108

That lowers the standard of living.

109

I guess this is kind of a weird shift to the argument.

110

I guess it's better phrased as like, if we even allow this as a thing to happen, even if it's just paying people less,

111

these companies still need to make money.

112

They're still going to lower input costs and the quality of your average person.

113

And we're putting quality in terms of material,

114

which I don't really think your life and your happiness is determined by how many things you can buy.

115

You know, money doesn't buy happiness.

116

I think it's a lot more meaningful than that.

117

But in our current society, you know, money and well -being is mostly just financial.

118

How much money do I have?

119

How much new things can I buy?

120

You know, all that sort of thing.

121

If you allow these businesses to, I guess, in the free market example, you have 100 people, but there's no illegal immigration,

122

but there's no minimum wage.

123

These people are naturally incentivized to get together and agree, you know, we won't accept any wage lower than this,

124

like collective bargaining, which is kind of like a socialist principle.

125

So I guess I'm just proposing.

126

Well, they can do that, but at the end of the day, the business owner will be able to decide, right?

127

It's true.

128

And if these people, then they're going to starve.

129

You know, you work or don't eat.

130

I guess that's fair, yeah.

131

That's how you've got to look at it, you know.

132

These are able -bodied people.

133

So, I guess how you put it...

134

I'll end it with this, just back and forth.

135

Because I know I've got other people in line.

136

I don't want everyone to get held up.

137

I guess I'll come back later.

138

But in order to solve the illegal immigration problem in an incentive purpose, you would have to lower the minimum,

139

or you'd have to remove minimum wages to allow for dynamic labor?

140

Yes.

141

that is definitely part of the problem yes i just personally worry

142

that this kind of decreases your average living

143

and i think it makes people on a i think people as a whole would come together

144

if they're getting paid

145

so little yeah i mean that's what unions are yeah you know people have the ability to make unions

146

and do those kind of things not that usually they do any good

147

but um that that is their freedom to be able to do right yeah

148

but like if a business was run by five of its own workers

149

and there was no real incentive to make a massive amount of profit

150

but more just i guess it doesn't work that way

151

because uh they need to make profit to have their job secured

152

but um like a business owned by its own workers would

153

never support importing people to replace them for lower wages

154

so they make more money so my argument is

155

that businesses themselves as they're currently structured any employee wouldn't want someone to come in

156

and take their job even if they don't own the means of production exactly

157

but an executive would because they can pay them less

158

so I'm just saying I'll end it here

159

because I mean right it's kind of like why you have to stop illegal immigration

160

Thank you.

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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «移民搶工作，還是最低工資害的？大學生 vs 保守派 8 分鐘完整辯論｜中英字幕». Чаще всего повторяются слова: wage, minimum, guess, immigration, illegal. В этом видео 160 предложений и 1945 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 9:03. Говорящий говорит быстро, около 215 слов в минуту, поэтому звуки часто сливаются и сокращаются. 88% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика простая.

Ключевая лексика этого видео

15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:

Слово	Произношение	Значение
wage существительное	/weɪd͡ʒ/	за́работная пла́та, зарпла́та
immigration существительное	/ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/	иммигра́ция, переселе́ние
citizen существительное	/ˈsɪtɪzən/	горожа́нин, горожа́нка
immigrant существительное	/ˈɪmɪɡɹənt/	иммигра́нт, иммигра́нтка
worker существительное	/ˈwɝ.kɚ/	рабо́тник, рабо́тница
naturally наречие	/ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/	есте́ственно
happiness существительное	/ˈhæpinɪs/	сча́стье, ра́дость
regulation существительное	/ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/	уста́в, пра́вило
input существительное	/ˈɪnpʊt/	вклад
principle существительное	/ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/	при́нцип
dynamic прилагательное	/daɪˈnæm.ɪk/	динами́чный
collective прилагательное	/kəˈlɛktɪv/	сбо́рный
employer существительное	/ɪmˈplɔɪə/	работода́тель, работода́тельница
socialist существительное	/ˈsoʊ.ʃə.lɪst/	социали́ст, социали́стка
nowadays наречие	/ˈnaʊ.ə.deɪz/	в на́ше вре́мя, тепе́рь

Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите

Слово	Значение
come back глагол	возвраща́ться, возврати́ться
come down to глагол	спадать до
go down глагол	спуска́ться, спусти́ться
hold up глагол	задерживать, ждать

Фразы, которые стоит повторять

Короткие законченные фразы из видео, которые пригодятся в повседневном разговоре:

You know, you work or don't eat.
You've got to fire a guy, right?
I understand where you're coming from.
How much money do I have?
How much new things can I buy?

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

Конструкция	В видео
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает	are naturally incentivized · is desired · be paid
Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете	bargaining, which is · people who will

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

Говорящий использует 50 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например don't, I'm, they're. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.

Звуки «th»: worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/, thrive /θɹajv/
Звуки «sh» и «zh»: immigration /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, socialist /ˈsoʊ.ʃə.lɪst/, inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, shaft /ˈʃɑːft/
Длинные слова — следите за ударением: immigration /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/, capitalist /ˈkæp.ɪ.tə.lɪst/

Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:

/w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: wage /weɪd͡ʒ/, worker /ˈwɝ.kɚ/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, sandwich /ˈsæn(d).wɪd͡ʒ/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
/h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: happiness /ˈhæpinɪs/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, inherent /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/, inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/
Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: wage /weɪd͡ʒ/, collective /kəˈlɛktɪv/, nowadays /ˈnaʊ.ə.deɪz/, propose /pɹəˈpəʊz/, incentive /ɪnˈsɛntɪv/

Как заниматься с этим видео

Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как wage, immigration, citizen.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

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