Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: 移民搶工作，還是最低工資害的？大學生 vs 保守派 8 分鐘完整辯論｜中英字幕
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160 câu
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1
I guess in the free market example, you have 100 people, but there's no illegal immigration, but there's no minimum wage.
2
These people are naturally incentivized to get together and agree, you know, we won't accept any wage lower than this,
3
like collective bargaining, which is kind of like a socialist principle.
4
So I guess I'm just proposing if these...
5
Well, they can do that, but at the end of the day, the business owner will be able to decide, right?
6
It's true.
7
And if these people, then they're going to starve.
8
You know, you work or don't eat.
9
I guess that's fair, yeah.
10
I guess my argument here is that the capitalist system that we have, you know, with free markets inherently drifts towards this kind of cronyism
11
and I think part of this economic system enables
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and in part requires the mass immigration that we see today
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and I mean maybe it's it's weird to think about
14
but I'll give like a little economics example I guess imagine there's a thousand people at this university
15
and there's like 10 jobs on university
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and everybody says I will no longer accept any what's it called any wage lower than $15 an hour all
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So these people are thinking, okay, well, I'm not going to get paid $14 or $13.
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But it's in these companies' interests, these businesses that work there,
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simply to make the most money and to expand that they need people who will accept less wages.
20
So let's say, well, why don't we bring in a whole bunch of people from overseas?
21
Yes, I see the argument that you're making, and I don't mean to interrupt you, but it's rather long.
22
The point is not with immigrants.
23
The point is with minimum wage laws.
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Because minimum wage laws are not free market.
25
You are telling an employer what amount they are able to pay an employee, right?
26
I'm not sure.
27
Do you know what the profit margin of the majority of small businesses in America is?
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I assume it's pretty slim.
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It's 1 % is the average, right?
30
So now let's say you're a business and you don't have a minimum wage
31
and you're paying two guys $10 an hour to go and work and sell sandwiches, whatever.
32
Now the government comes in and says, well, you have to pay these people $15 an hour.
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What does that do?
34
You've got to fire a guy, right?
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And so now you're paying, maybe one guy gets paid a little bit more, but now you have less of a worker.
36
It makes your business suffer, right?
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The business owner should be the one in a free market to decide how much I pay this person.
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And if someone comes in and says, well, that's not fair, then they can go to a different business, right?
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Or achieve different skills to advance themselves to go and do a different thing themselves, right?
40
So it's not actually an immigration debate you're having on that.
41
It's a minimum wage law debate.
42
All right.
43
I understand where you're coming from.
44
And for the sake of the example, or my argument, let's say there was no minimum wage laws, there would still kind of be a societal,
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say there's 100 people, you know, they all need this amount to survive, or they want this amount.
46
And I think immigration, see if there still is no minimum wage laws, let's say they're paying a guy like 10 bucks.
47
If you could still bring in a guy and pay him one bucks as a business owner, you totally would, right?
48
Right.
49
But you can do that with an American citizen, too, if you have no minimum wage law
50
because you could have before 1960 right this country was like 90 percent white
51
and pretty much everyone was legal everyone was actually a citizen of this country right
52
so how did we get these things done before
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that right you know what i mean you know i'm saying
54
so it's like people were willing to do those jobs
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and take less money and then build themselves up or
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if it said oh i'm not getting paid enough here
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or i don't like my boss i'll go find a different type of job
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you know what i mean yeah no i agree with you saying um i guess i just have to touch like inflation.
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I mean, you know, back in the 1950s, 1960s, a lot of people could afford a house,
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a home, a college education with a lot less work than we do have nowadays.
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And my argument is just the more people we have and the more people that move in,
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the less your average person gets paid because there's so many people
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that the value of like how much it pays one person goes down.
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So I guess my value of labor does go down with more immigration.
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So I guess my argument is
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that our economic system needs the value of labor to go down to reduce input costs because we want cheaper stuff.
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Everybody here, they want to consume goods, whether it be media or iPhones or food.
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And in order for that, you know, you can do a lot of supply chain management.
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By the end of the day, it really comes down to how low can we get the cost of labor?
70
And if you were to go completely libertarian with it and say, you know, completely free markets and all of this,
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then having completely free markets with no regulations is the only way you can have illegal immigration.
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Because if you don't have completely free markets and you have wage, minimum wage laws, you have regulations, you have anti -globalism, you have tariffs,
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you have protectionism, all these different things, it will not induce business to actually thrive,
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and people will get the shaft on that for the immigrants and for the citizens who are in that country.
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Because then there's no reason for them to pay American citizens that wage.
76
If they know they can pay an illegal immigrant less, then why would they pay an American citizen more for the same job?
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Exactly.
78
Right.
79
Which is what I'm saying, and that's part of the minimum wage.
80
So if you got rid of the minimum wage, then maybe some American comes and says,
81
well, I'll work on a farm for the same price that an illegal immigrant is doing it for now,
82
you know, and then build my way up.
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You have that freedom.
84
But with minimum wage laws, you don't have that freedom.
85
Yeah, I have to agree with that.
86
But I still think that as business owners, your interest is you must make as much profit
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or else someone else will make more profit you outcompete
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you you lose right thank goodness that's how it should be um
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and that's a that's a very dynamic system
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and allows for a lot of the companies we have nowadays
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which can really create a lot of you know gdp
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and buildings and everything around us but i would argue
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that it is in their inherent interest simply to make profit
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that illegal immigration and immigration as a whole is desired so it's
95
In my view, at least, it's impossible to view immigration as an issue in itself
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when you need to consider that these businesses really want that as well.
97
Right, but if they could choose to pay, if an American could choose to have themselves work for less, they would.
98
The problem is a minimum wage of why these people want to bring in illegals
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because they're forced to pay an American citizen this much.
100
Whereas if they're an illegal alien, they can pay them whatever they want, right?
101
Right?
102
So of course.
103
But if you had people in a total free market and said, oh, we can pay this person whatever I want
104
and then I can choose to be paid whatever I want within the market, whatever this employer wants to pay me,
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and people can shop around and say this job's good, this one's not, then the illegal immigration is,
106
you know, it's not nearly as worthwhile for businesses to want because they can just pay citizens.
107
I mean, paying people less, they'll have less money to spend.
108
That lowers the standard of living.
109
I guess this is kind of a weird shift to the argument.
110
I guess it's better phrased as like, if we even allow this as a thing to happen, even if it's just paying people less,
111
these companies still need to make money.
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They're still going to lower input costs and the quality of your average person.
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And we're putting quality in terms of material,
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which I don't really think your life and your happiness is determined by how many things you can buy.
115
You know, money doesn't buy happiness.
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I think it's a lot more meaningful than that.
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But in our current society, you know, money and well -being is mostly just financial.
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How much money do I have?
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How much new things can I buy?
120
You know, all that sort of thing.
121
If you allow these businesses to, I guess, in the free market example, you have 100 people, but there's no illegal immigration,
122
but there's no minimum wage.
123
These people are naturally incentivized to get together and agree, you know, we won't accept any wage lower than this,
124
like collective bargaining, which is kind of like a socialist principle.
125
So I guess I'm just proposing.
126
Well, they can do that, but at the end of the day, the business owner will be able to decide, right?
127
It's true.
128
And if these people, then they're going to starve.
129
You know, you work or don't eat.
130
I guess that's fair, yeah.
131
That's how you've got to look at it, you know.
132
These are able -bodied people.
133
So, I guess how you put it...
134
I'll end it with this, just back and forth.
135
Because I know I've got other people in line.
136
I don't want everyone to get held up.
137
I guess I'll come back later.
138
But in order to solve the illegal immigration problem in an incentive purpose, you would have to lower the minimum,
139
or you'd have to remove minimum wages to allow for dynamic labor?
140
Yes.
141
that is definitely part of the problem yes i just personally worry
142
that this kind of decreases your average living
143
and i think it makes people on a i think people as a whole would come together
144
if they're getting paid
145
so little yeah i mean that's what unions are yeah you know people have the ability to make unions
146
and do those kind of things not that usually they do any good
147
but um that that is their freedom to be able to do right yeah
148
but like if a business was run by five of its own workers
149
and there was no real incentive to make a massive amount of profit
150
but more just i guess it doesn't work that way
151
because uh they need to make profit to have their job secured
152
but um like a business owned by its own workers would
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never support importing people to replace them for lower wages
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so they make more money so my argument is
155
that businesses themselves as they're currently structured any employee wouldn't want someone to come in
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and take their job even if they don't own the means of production exactly
157
but an executive would because they can pay them less
158
so I'm just saying I'll end it here
159
because I mean right it's kind of like why you have to stop illegal immigration
160
Thank you.
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói này dựa trên video “移民搶工作，還是最低工資害的？大學生 vs 保守派 8 分鐘完整辯論｜中英字幕”. Những từ được nhắc lại nhiều nhất trong bài: wage, minimum, guess, immigration, illegal. Video này có 160 câu và 1945 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 9:03. Người nói nói nhanh, khoảng 215 từ mỗi phút, nên sẽ có nhiều chỗ nối âm và nuốt âm. 88% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất, nên từ vựng dễ theo.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| wage danh từ | /weɪd͡ʒ/ | lương |
| immigration danh từ | /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/ | sự nhập cư |
| citizen danh từ | /ˈsɪtɪzən/ | công dân |
| immigrant danh từ | /ˈɪmɪɡɹənt/ | dân nhập cư, nhập cư |
| worker danh từ | /ˈwɝ.kɚ/ | công nhân |
| happiness danh từ | /ˈhæpinɪs/ | hạnh phúc |
| regulation danh từ | /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/ | chế độ |
| principle danh từ | /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/ | nguyên lí, nguyên tắc |
| employer danh từ | /ɪmˈplɔɪə/ | chủ, cai thầu |
| nowadays trạng từ | /ˈnaʊ.ə.deɪz/ | ngày nay, đời nay |
| propose động từ | /pɹəˈpəʊz/ | đề nghị, đề xuất |
| starve động từ | /stɑɹv/ | chết đói |
| argue động từ | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | tranh luận |
| suffer động từ | /ˈsʌfɚ/ | chịu đựng |
| economics danh từ | /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/ | kinh tế học |
Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe
| Từ | Nghĩa |
|---|---|
| come back động từ | trở lại, trở về |
Những câu đáng luyện lại
Các câu ngắn, trọn ý trong video mà bạn có thể dùng lại khi giao tiếp hằng ngày:
- You know, you work or don't eat.
- You've got to fire a guy, right?
- I understand where you're coming from.
- How much money do I have?
- How much new things can I buy?
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | are naturally incentivized · is desired · be paid |
| Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật | bargaining, which is · people who will |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 50 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ don't, I'm, they're. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/, thrive /θɹajv/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: immigration /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, socialist /ˈsoʊ.ʃə.lɪst/, inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, shaft /ˈʃɑːft/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: immigration /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/, capitalist /ˈkæp.ɪ.tə.lɪst/
Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:
- Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: immigrant /ˈɪmɪɡɹənt/, socialist /ˈsoʊ.ʃə.lɪst/, starve /stɑɹv/, economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/, solve /sɒlv/
- Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: wage /weɪd͡ʒ/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, margin /ˈmɑɹ.d͡ʒɪn/, sandwich /ˈsæn(d).wɪd͡ʒ/
- Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, happiness /ˈhæpinɪs/, dynamic /daɪˈnæm.ɪk/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, expand /ɪkˈspænd/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như wage, immigration, citizen.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.