跟读练习: China-youth unemployment - 通过视频学习英语口语
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China Youth unemployment.
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Who needs a real job?
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Youth joblessness entrenches itself.
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Few could have predicted the fallout last month after Xingyu Automotive Lighting, a big car parts maker in eastern
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China, decided it had hired too many people over the summer.
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The company gave an ultimatum to some 140 fresh graduates who had been employed there for just a few weeks,
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either resign with half a month's salary or pick up a screwdriver and take a poorly paid job on the factory floor.
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More than 100 chose to leave.
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In China, where worker protection laws are feeble, sudden layoffs of this sort are nasty but hardly unheard of.
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Yet when the news became public, it sparked an unusual outpouring of outrage.
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The People's Daily, a Communist Party mouthpiece, slammed the company for trampling on society's trust.
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Volkswagen, a German carmaker supplied by Xing Yu, said it was investigating the dismissals.
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As the pressure built, the company apologized, then fired its head of human resources and cut some of its executive salaries as an act of contrition.
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Why the FOSS?
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The layoffs tapped into a deep well of public sympathy for China's young people.
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They are struggling in a brutal job market that has upended people's expectations of what it takes to succeed in China.
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A decade ago, a university degree was still a ticket to a decent career, but a record 12 .7 million graduated this year,
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nearly 500 ,000 more than last year, and twice the number that did so a decade ago.
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Demand for these young workers, meanwhile, has plummeted amid a property market slump and flagging consumption, and despite government attempts to fix it,
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the problem is becoming only more entrenched.
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When China's official gauge of youth employment reached 20 % in 2023,
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it caused so much alarm that officials suspended the data series,
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and after a few months started releasing an optimized and much lower rate, based on a different methodology.
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But this summer, even the adjusted rate has been creeping up towards 20 % as well.
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Officials have already ordered state -owned companies to hire more graduates.
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They will be hoping that Xing Yu's humiliation will prompt private companies also to take note,
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says Jenny Chan, a sociologist at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
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She says the government wants everyone to share the national responsibility and avoid layoffs, if at all possible.
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The industries that once soaked up a lot of young people are now struggling.
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A regulatory crackdown has destroyed hundreds of thousands of tutoring jobs.
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Chinese entertainment companies, meanwhile, are rapidly adopting artificial intelligence to churn out shows without the need for actors or producers.
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Tech companies are quietly laying off engineers, and China's vast gig economy, once a reliable last resort for job seekers,
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is now overstuffed with underemployed drivers, so average earnings have slumped.
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Years of high youth unemployment are starting to reshape Chinese society.
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This intensely competitive country places a higher value on hard work than most,
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but now many young people are getting used to the fact that no one wants their labor.
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Some have dropped out of the rat race altogether
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and say they are now lying flat or giving up finding a job until the economy improves.
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Others have become self -described full -time children, staying at home to cook and clean for their parents for pocket money.
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Those who cannot cope with so much family time can at least pretend to go to work.
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Since last year, offices have been set up in several cities across
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China by firms with names like the Pretend to Work Company.
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For a small daily fee of 30 yuan, that's $4 .50 or so, people can sit at a desk, hang out by the office water cooler,
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and enjoy the routine of office life as they submit job applications or scroll on their phones.
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Public libraries are another favoured place for the pretend workforce to hang out.
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On a recent Thursday afternoon, the tables in Beijing's Capital Library, one of the city's biggest, were packed with young folk.
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Some were polishing CVs, others playing computer games.
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There's loads of pretend workers around here," said one man in a t -shirt
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and shorts who had been laid off from a tech firm six months ago.
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For his part, he said, he was taking a voluntary break from full -time employment to work on some of his own software projects
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and read a lot more books.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“China-youth unemployment”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：China, pretend, youth, companies, layoffs。 这段视频共有 51 个句子、731 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 4:49。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 152 个词，接近日常对话。 只有 77% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| worker 名词 | /ˈwɝ.kɚ/ | 工人, 工作者 |
| meanwhile 副词 | /ˈmiːnwaɪl/ | 同時 /同时 |
| hire 动词 | /ˈhaɪɹ/ | 租借, 出租 |
| salary 名词 | /ˈsæləɹi/ | 薪金, 薪水 |
| unemployment 名词 | /ʌn.ɪmˈplɔɪ.mənt/ | 失業 /失业 |
| vast 形容词 | /væst/ | 浩大 |
| pocket 名词 | /ˈpɑ.kɪt/ | 口袋, 荷包 |
| unusual 形容词 | /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/ | 稀有 |
| producer 名词 | /pɹəˈdjuːsə/ | 製作者 /制作者 |
| desk 名词 | /dɛsk/ | 書桌 /书桌, 寫字檯 /寫字枱 /寫字臺 /寫字台 |
| decent 形容词 | /ˈdiː.sənt/ | 體面 /体面, 正派 |
| sudden 形容词 | /ˈsʌd.ən/ | 突然, 急劇 /急剧 |
| resource 名词 | /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ | 資源 /资源 |
| resort 名词 | /ɹɪˈzɔɹt/ | 度假勝地 /度假胜地, 度假村 |
| routine 名词 | /ɹuˈtin/ | 常規 /常规, 慣例 /惯例 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| give up 动词 | 投案, 自首 |
| pick up 动词 | 拾取, 撿 /捡 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | has upended · has plummeted · have already ordered |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | had been employed · is now overstuffed · have been set |
需要注意的发音
- “th” 音: altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/, sympathy /ˈsɪm.pəθ.i/, methodology /ˌmɛθ.əˈdɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, mouthpiece /ˈmaʊθˌpiːs/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/, polish /ˈpɑ.lɪʃ/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: unemployment /ʌn.ɪmˈplɔɪ.mənt/, unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, investigate /ɪnˈvɛs.tə.ɡeɪt/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, regulatory /ˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə.t(ɔː.)ɹi/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: vast /væst/, investigate /ɪnˈvɛs.tə.ɡeɪt/, voluntary /ˈvɑ.lənˌt(ɛ)ɹi/, favoured /ˈfeɪ.vɚd/, overstuffed /ˈoʊvɚstʌft/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: pretend /pɹəˈtɛnd/, unemployment /ʌn.ɪmˈplɔɪ.mənt/, vast /væst/, pocket /ˈpɑ.kɪt/, desk /dɛsk/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: salary /ˈsæləɹi/, rapidly /ˈɹæpɪdli/, reliable /ɹɪˈlaɪəbl̩/, alarm /əˈlɑɹm/, regulatory /ˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə.t(ɔː.)ɹi/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 worker, meanwhile, hire 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。