跟读练习: Gee: What is Discourse - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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I know you're gonna dig this.
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I know you're gonna dig this.
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Check this out.
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You're probably asking yourself, what am I doing at a baseball game,
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and what does baseball have to do with discourse?
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Well, according to G, a discourse is a kind of identity kit.
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It's a costume or set of instructions that makes us recognizable to people.
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It gives what we do meaning in specific social contexts.
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So for instance, at a baseball game,
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there are certain ways of dressing.
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There are also certain ways of speaking like,
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Hey ump, get some glasses man, you stink!
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Or, hey beer man, one beer over here.
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Hot dog, right here.
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All of these things have meaning within the specific context of the baseball game.
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They make sense to us in this space.
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But what happens if I go to a fancy restaurant?
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Hey, waiter!
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Beer over here, please!
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Where the hell do you think you are?
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Or, what if I go to a school?
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Hey teach!
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Get some glasses man, cause your grading stinks!
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What?
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So you better check yourself!
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This example provides a general idea about what G means when he talks about discourse.
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And in particular, the relationship between discourse and literacy.
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At the baseball game, I was able to demonstrate
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that I was literate in the discourse of being a fan at a game.
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But I was illiterate in the discourse of being a customer at a restaurant or a student in the classroom.
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But what else does G mean when he uses the term discourse?
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And what does he mean when he distinguishes between primary discourse and secondary discourse?
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Here I am in my home.
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And it's in my home that I begin to acquire my primary discourse.
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And I do this through interactions with family members, friends, community members.
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It's in this space of the home or the immediate community that I begin to acquire my primary discourse.
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But then I leave this immediate area and I enter into other social spaces, like a school.
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And inside of school I begin to acquire and learn secondary discourses.
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And one of these secondary discourses that I learn in school is what we call academic discourse.
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And this is the ways of reading and writing,
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communicating with peers and teachers,
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kinds of language that that we understand as typical for school.
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In this scenario, the academic discourse or the school discourse represents a dominant discourse.
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And G defines a dominant discourse as a discourse that we become literate in to advance in society in certain ways.
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And they can vary from context to context,
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but we know that given education and the value of a diploma,
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the fact that a college graduate today will make a million more dollars
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over his or her lifetime than a non-graduate
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demonstrates that becoming literate in academic discourse is also becoming literate in the dominant discourse.
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In our lifetime, we'll become literate in many,
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many kinds of secondary discourses.
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And even in a single social context,
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even in a classroom, we can see many kinds of primary and secondary discourses converging together.
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And in the process of becoming literate in many kinds of secondary discourses,
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we can also begin to develop what G refers to as meta-knowledge of a discourse.
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And that is when we are able to step outside of a discourse
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and then look back in at it and understand its internal workings.
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Understand the way that the discourse shapes meaning,
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shapes the kinds of language that we use,
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the interactions that we have with others.
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And in the process of developing this meta-knowledge,
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we can begin to transform discourses.
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And in the process of transforming or hybridizing these discourses,
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we can open up new avenues for meaning making and understanding.
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And this is something that we can really think about when working with our students,
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is this idea of creating critical understandings about the discourses that shape our lives.
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关于本课程
在这一课中，学习者将了解“话语”（discourse）的含义及其在不同社交环境中的表现。通过将话语与日常生活中的场景相结合，学习者将能够更好地理解如何在特定的社会情境中使用恰当的语言和交流方式。本课程将通过生动的例子帮助学习者认识到，我们在不同场合下的言语方式和行为背后的意义。同时，学习者还将练习如何在交流中适应不同的“话语”，以提高他们的英语口语能力。
关键词汇与短语
- 话语 (discourse) - 社交环境中使用的语言和方式。
- 主要话语 (primary discourse) - 在家庭和社区环境中学习的初步交流方式。
- 次要话语 (secondary discourse) - 在学校等其他社交空间中学习的语言和交流技巧。
- 学术话语 (academic discourse) - 在学术环境中使用的阅读与写作的特定语言。
- 主导话语 (dominant discourse) - 在社会中获取成功和进步所需的语言。
- 影子说 (shadow speak) - 模仿和跟读的口语练习方法。
练习提示
在进行影子跟读时，建议学习者跟着视频中的语速和语调进行练习。视频中所呈现的语气和语速相对自然，因此通过影子说，学习者可以提高他们的口语流利度和语音语调。尝试重复视频中的句子时，注意讲话时的情感和语气变化。面对不同的社交场合，可以对照自己的言语方式进行反思，观察在不同环境中如何运用相应的话语，了解哪些表达更为合适。这不仅能够帮助你掌握英语中的多样性，还能提升你的总体交流能力。尤其在进行雅思口语练习时，正确使用学术话语和主导话语将显得尤为重要。通过多次练习，逐步提高你的口语能力，并在各类社交场合中自信交流。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。