跟读练习: How Does SpaceX Get These Amazing Camera Shots? - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Those of us Spacex fans that have been following the launches for a while now will be well accustomed to seeing incredible camera shots like this.
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These super high detailed shots provide a great spectacle during the launch procedure, stage separation and the always exciting landing procedure.
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But how are we able to get these amazing shots?
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In this video we’re going to dive in and look at what makes a shot like this so difficult in the first place.
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We’re also going to talk about the equipment that’s used and how it was used in the past.
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Say you’ve got a camera and you’re trying to film a rocket that is 60km away and is moving at 5,000km/h.
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Firstly, a standard telephoto lens will only have a maximum focal length of around 1,000mm.
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In order to get a 70m tall rocket which is 60km away to fill up the entire frame you would need a lens with a focal length of at least 10 times that.
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Secondly, in order to get smooth tracking shots like this, the camera needs to pan upwards in perfect sync with the rocket.
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That is easier said than done because the smallest of movements done by the camera translate to huge movements at the other end where the rocket is.
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This is what it would look like if you tried to track the rocket manually using a standard tripod.
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Now let's say you didn’t have a 10,000mm lens, here’s what that would look like.
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For a shot like this, we need something far more accurate and precise than just a long lens and a tripod.
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Spacex makes use of 3 main launch facilities.
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Launch complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Centre, complex 40 at Cape Canaveral and complex 4E at Vandenberg Air force Base in California.
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All of these launch facilities go way back to the early space days of the 60’s and 70’s.
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Each launch pad is surrounded by several long range tracking cameras that look a little bit like this.
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These are kineto tracking mounts which were first developed for use in the military to track down aircraft and missiles.
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Back in the Apollo days, rigs like this would be controlled by a skilled operator to track the Saturn 5 rocket as it screamed into sky.
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Back then, the skill of the operator was responsible for keeping the camera array pointed in the right direction.
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Today, a lot of the tracking functions are automated or semi-automated.
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These Kineto mounts can easily be controlled remotely by an operator at mission control.
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They can also take just about any camera you can imagine and become the world's most expensive tripod.
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Rocket companies use these tracking cameras to provide great coverage of their launches, but these expensive cameras are also used to analyze their rockets as they go through the most difficult parts of their missions.
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NASA uses a mix of digital and film cameras on these mounts.
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The short range tracking cameras make use of high speed frame rates and shutter speeds which are useful for rocket companies to analyze their rockets in great detail during the launch sequence.
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They also make use of some Infrared Temperature cameras to measure the heat of the spacecraft as it burns through the atmosphere on re-entry.
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Cameras like these have played an important role in disaster investigations.
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Tracking cameras were able to show that a falling piece of debris ripped a hole into the Space Shuttle Columbia flight which caused it to disintegrate on re-entry, sadly killing the entire crew.
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NASA reviewed the footage and put new procedures in place to ensure that the Shuttle was safe to re-enter the earth’s atmosphere.
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According to NASA, they even have some film cameras placed around their launch sites loaded with over 1,000 feet of film each.
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Of course, they also have the latest of camera technology capable of streaming a 4K video feed live to the world.
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This is how we are able to view these amazingly clear shots as they are happening.
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We really have come a long way!
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So there you have it, the method behind filming and broadcasting a rocket launch is actually very difficult.
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As the technology of the tracking systems and the cameras continue to improve, we can look forward to seeing more amazing shots like this.
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If you have any questions be sure to leave them in the comments below and make sure you’re subscribed so you can join the discussion as we learn more about all things space.
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Thank you very much for watching and I’ll see you in the next video.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这段视频共有 38 个句子、770 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 5:07。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 150 个词，接近日常对话。 只有 80% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| rocket 名词 | /ˈɹɑk.ɪt/ | 火箭發動機 /火箭发动机, 火箭 |
| lens 名词 | /lɛnz/ | 透鏡 /透镜, 鏡片 /镜片 |
| mount 动词 | /maʊnt/ | 騎 /骑 |
| procedure 名词 | /pɹəˈsiː.d͡ʒə/ | 做法, 方法 |
| operator 名词 | /ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɚ/ | 話務員 /话务员, 接線員 /接线员 |
| atmosphere 名词 | /ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/ | 大氣 /大气, 氣圈 /气圈 |
| skill 名词 | /skɪl/ | 技巧, 技能 |
| analyze 动词 | /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/ | 分析 |
| smooth 形容词 | /smuːð/ | 平穩 /平稳, 順利 /顺利 |
| broadcast 名词 | /ˈbɹɔːd(ˌ)kɑːst/ | 廣播 /广播 |
| disaster 名词 | /dɪˈzɑːs.təː/ | 災難 /灾难, 災害 /灾害 |
| sequence 名词 | /ˈsiː.kwəns/ | 序列, 順序 /顺序 |
| footage 名词 | /ˈfʊtɪd͡ʒ/ | 影片, 錄像 /录像 |
| missile 名词 | /ˈmɪs.aɪl/ | 飛彈 /飞弹, 導彈 /导弹 |
| scream 动词 | /skɹiːm/ | 叫喊, 嗷叫 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| fill up 动词 | 裝滿 /装满 |
| go through 动词 | 通過 /通过 |
| look forward to 动词 | 期待, 向往 |
| track down 动词 | 找到, 查獲 /查获 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | is surrounded · would be controlled · are automated |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | rocket which is · mounts which were · speeds which are |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | have played · have come |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 7 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 we're, you're, didn't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: separation /ˌsɛp.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, shutter /ˈʃʌtəː/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: operator /ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɚ/, separation /ˌsɛp.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, manually /ˈmænj(u)əliː/, amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/, disintegrate /dɪsˈɪntɪɡɹeɪt/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 rocket, lens, mount 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。