Практика Shadowing: How Does SpaceX Get These Amazing Camera Shots? - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
Создание урока...
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Those of us Spacex fans that have been following the launches for a while now will be well accustomed to seeing incredible camera shots like this.
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These super high detailed shots provide a great spectacle during the launch procedure, stage separation and the always exciting landing procedure.
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But how are we able to get these amazing shots?
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In this video we’re going to dive in and look at what makes a shot like this so difficult in the first place.
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We’re also going to talk about the equipment that’s used and how it was used in the past.
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Say you’ve got a camera and you’re trying to film a rocket that is 60km away and is moving at 5,000km/h.
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Firstly, a standard telephoto lens will only have a maximum focal length of around 1,000mm.
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In order to get a 70m tall rocket which is 60km away to fill up the entire frame you would need a lens with a focal length of at least 10 times that.
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Secondly, in order to get smooth tracking shots like this, the camera needs to pan upwards in perfect sync with the rocket.
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That is easier said than done because the smallest of movements done by the camera translate to huge movements at the other end where the rocket is.
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This is what it would look like if you tried to track the rocket manually using a standard tripod.
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Now let's say you didn’t have a 10,000mm lens, here’s what that would look like.
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For a shot like this, we need something far more accurate and precise than just a long lens and a tripod.
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Spacex makes use of 3 main launch facilities.
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Launch complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Centre, complex 40 at Cape Canaveral and complex 4E at Vandenberg Air force Base in California.
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All of these launch facilities go way back to the early space days of the 60’s and 70’s.
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Each launch pad is surrounded by several long range tracking cameras that look a little bit like this.
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These are kineto tracking mounts which were first developed for use in the military to track down aircraft and missiles.
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Back in the Apollo days, rigs like this would be controlled by a skilled operator to track the Saturn 5 rocket as it screamed into sky.
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Back then, the skill of the operator was responsible for keeping the camera array pointed in the right direction.
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Today, a lot of the tracking functions are automated or semi-automated.
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These Kineto mounts can easily be controlled remotely by an operator at mission control.
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They can also take just about any camera you can imagine and become the world's most expensive tripod.
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Rocket companies use these tracking cameras to provide great coverage of their launches, but these expensive cameras are also used to analyze their rockets as they go through the most difficult parts of their missions.
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NASA uses a mix of digital and film cameras on these mounts.
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The short range tracking cameras make use of high speed frame rates and shutter speeds which are useful for rocket companies to analyze their rockets in great detail during the launch sequence.
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They also make use of some Infrared Temperature cameras to measure the heat of the spacecraft as it burns through the atmosphere on re-entry.
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Cameras like these have played an important role in disaster investigations.
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Tracking cameras were able to show that a falling piece of debris ripped a hole into the Space Shuttle Columbia flight which caused it to disintegrate on re-entry, sadly killing the entire crew.
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NASA reviewed the footage and put new procedures in place to ensure that the Shuttle was safe to re-enter the earth’s atmosphere.
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According to NASA, they even have some film cameras placed around their launch sites loaded with over 1,000 feet of film each.
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Of course, they also have the latest of camera technology capable of streaming a 4K video feed live to the world.
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This is how we are able to view these amazingly clear shots as they are happening.
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We really have come a long way!
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So there you have it, the method behind filming and broadcasting a rocket launch is actually very difficult.
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As the technology of the tracking systems and the cameras continue to improve, we can look forward to seeing more amazing shots like this.
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If you have any questions be sure to leave them in the comments below and make sure you’re subscribed so you can join the discussion as we learn more about all things space.
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Thank you very much for watching and I’ll see you in the next video.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
В этом видео 38 предложений и 770 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 5:07. Говорящий говорит в естественном темпе, около 150 слов в минуту, близком к повседневной речи. Только 80% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| rocket существительное | /ˈɹɑk.ɪt/ | раке́та |
| lens существительное | /lɛnz/ | ли́нза, объекти́в |
| mount глагол | /maʊnt/ | взбира́ться, взобра́ться |
| procedure существительное | /pɹəˈsiː.d͡ʒə/ | процеду́ра, ме́тод |
| operator существительное | /ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɚ/ | телефони́ст, телефони́стка |
| atmosphere существительное | /ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/ | атмосфе́ра |
| skill существительное | /skɪl/ | уме́ние, на́вык |
| analyze глагол | /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/ | анализи́ровать, проанализи́ровать |
| focal прилагательное | /ˈfoʊ.kl̩/ | фокусный |
| smooth прилагательное | /smuːð/ | гла́дкий |
| broadcast существительное | /ˈbɹɔːd(ˌ)kɑːst/ | переда́ча, трансля́ция |
| disaster существительное | /dɪˈzɑːs.təː/ | бе́дствие, катастро́фа |
| sequence существительное | /ˈsiː.kwəns/ | после́довательность, ряд |
| footage существительное | /ˈfʊtɪd͡ʒ/ | отсня́тый материа́л, фута́ж |
| rip глагол | /ɹɪp/ | рвать, порва́ть |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Значение |
|---|---|
| fill up глагол | заполня́ть, запо́лнить |
| look forward to глагол | ждать с нетерпе́нием, не мочь дожда́ться |
| track down глагол | высле́живать, вы́следить |
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | is surrounded · would be controlled · are automated |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | rocket which is · mounts which were · speeds which are |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | have played · have come |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 7 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например we're, you're, didn't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: separation /ˌsɛp.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, shutter /ˈʃʌtəː/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: operator /ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɚ/, separation /ˌsɛp.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, manually /ˈmænj(u)əliː/, amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/, disintegrate /dɪsˈɪntɪɡɹeɪt/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как rocket, lens, mount.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.