跟读练习: How to Survive the Jurassic Period - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Time travel has just been invented. And congratulations!
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You're being sent 200 million years back to the Jurassic period.
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After hurling through time and space, you wake up to chirping birds and lush trees as far as the eye can see.
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The air is warm and moist, and the stresses of your modern life are beginning to melt away.
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That's when you hear leaves crunching behind you.
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Your skin starts to crawl, and you can tell you're being watched.
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A Tyrannosaurus Rex is deciding whether to have you for lunch, so you had better think quick.
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This is How to Survive the Jurassic Period.
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The Jurassic period is the second of three periods in the Mesozoic era, also known as the Age of Dinosaurs.
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It began right after one of the largest mass extinctions on Earth and lasted around 56 million years.
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So if traveling back home is out of your hands, you're settling in here for the long haul.
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During this time, the supercontinent known as Pangaea split apart because of all the tectonic plate movement at the Earth's crust.
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The rifting created new continents, as well as the Central Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico.
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These conditions allowed for marine organisms to diversify.
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And on land, plants and dinosaurs began to thrive.
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But living alongside dinos wouldn't exactly be a walk in the park.
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What would you do for shelter?
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How would you find food to eat?
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And could you defend yourself from some of the largest creatures to ever roam the planet?
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Step 1.
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Find shelter.
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Finding a safe place to rest your head for the night won't be an easy task.
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Many dinosaurs have strong nocturnal vision, making them highly capable night hunters.
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And others have a keen sense of smell, so hiding isn't an option either.
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Your best bet is to set up camp in a faraway cave.
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Just make sure it's not already occupied.
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Step 2.
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Become a Vegetarian.
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Realistically, a human wouldn't be able to single-handedly hunt and kill a dinosaur.
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And even if you could, the massive amount of meat left behind would attract too many other predators.
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Another option would be to steal dinosaur eggs for a protein boost.
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But only go for the nest if you're ready to face off with a protective mama dino.
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The safest route is to stick to eating the surrounding vegetation.
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Flowering plants haven't evolved yet, so you won't get any tasty fruits.
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Hopefully, you like seaweed and mushrooms.
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Step 3.
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Defend yourself from predators.
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The Jurassic period was full of extremely dangerous predators.
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This one is 15 meters long and can swim.
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This one hunts in packs.
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And this one's bite is three times stronger than that of a great white shark.
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Since you won't be able to out-muscle these massive creatures, try outsmarting them instead.
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Memorize their patterns of behavior to stay one strategic step ahead in your newfound existence.
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Research suggests that a human couldn't throw a spear hard enough to pierce a dinosaur's skin, so devising slingshots and traps might be a better use of your time.
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Step 4.
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Adjust to the climate.
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Lucky for you, the Jurassic era is believed to have had a favorable tropical climate, much like today's Central America.
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Global temperatures then were a few degrees Celsius hotter than modern day, because volcanic activity released extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
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But hot and humid weather is manageable to withstand, as long as you stay hydrated.
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Until we figure out how to go back in time, the chances of you walking with the dinosaurs are slim.
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When technology finally catches up, though, you'll be ready.
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And if time traveling makes you nervous, don't worry.
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We have a video for that, too, on another How to Survive.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这段视频共有 53 个句子、625 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 4:17。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 146 个词，很适合跟读。 只有 78% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个不太常见的单词，附发音和释义：
- dinosaur /ˈdaɪnəsoɹ/ (名词) — 恐龍 /恐龙. Those animals of the clade Dinosauria that existed during the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods and are now extinct.
- predator /ˈpɹɛd.ə.tɚ/ (名词) — 掠食者, 天敵 /天敌. Any animal or other organism that hunts and kills other nonplant organisms (their prey), primarily for food.
- defend /dɪˈfɪnd/ (动词) — 保衛 /保卫, 守衛 /守卫. To ward off attacks against (something or someone).
- shelter /ˈʃɛltə/ (名词) — 棲身之地 /栖身之地, 住處 /住处. A place where a person or animal may find protection from the elements (especially rain, storms, or cold) sometimes as a place to sleep (such as a cave).
- atmosphere /ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/ (名词) — 大氣 /大气, 氣圈 /气圈. The gases surrounding the Earth or any astronomical body.
- egg /ɛɡ/ (名词) — 卵, 卵子. An approximately spherical or ellipsoidal body produced by birds, insects, reptiles, and other animals, often housing an embryo within a membrane or shell…
- alongside /əˌlɔŋˈsaɪd/ — 旁邊 /旁边. Side by side with.
- muscle /ˈmʌs.əl/ (名词) — 肌肉, 筋肉. A contractile form of tissue which animals use to effect movement.
- strategic /stɹəˈti.dʒɪk/ (形容词) — 戰略的 /战略的. Of or pertaining to strategy.
- flower /ˈfloʊɚ/ (名词) — хуа, хуар. A colorful, conspicuous structure associated with angiosperms, frequently scented and attracting various insects, and which may or may not be used for sexual…
- steal /stiːl/ (动词) — 偷, 盜 /盗. To take illegally, or without the owner's permission, something owned by someone else without intending to return it.
- congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/ — 恭喜, 恭喜恭喜. Expressing praise and approval, expressing approbation.
- hunter /ˈhʌntɚ/ (名词) — 獵犬 /猎犬. One who hunts game for sport or for food; a huntsman or huntswoman.
- trap /tɹæp/ (名词) — 陷阱, 圈套. A machine or other device designed to catch (and sometimes kill) animals, either by holding them in a container, or by catching hold of part of the body.
- bite /baɪt/ (动词) — 咬. To cut into something by clamping the teeth.
视频中出现的短语动词
- figure out (动词) — 弄清楚. To come to understand; to discover or find a solution; to deduce.
- leave behind (动词) — 遺棄 /遗弃. To abandon.
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 14 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 you're, won't, wouldn't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “th” 音: thrive /θɹajv/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: shelter /ˈʃɛltə/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/, mushroom /ˈmʌʃˌɹuːm/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/, favourable /ˈfeɪv(ə)ɹəbəl/, diversify /daɪˈvɝ.sə.faɪ/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 dinosaur, predator, defend 这类单词。
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | been invented · being sent · being watched |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | has just been invented · haven't evolved |
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。