跟读练习: Your Voice Is a Wind Instrument | Matt Abrahams on Projecting Without Straining - 通过视频学习英语口语
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fundamental to effective communication is being heard i'm matt abrahams
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and i teach strategic communication at stanford graduate school of business
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welcome to this quick thinks episode of think fast talk smart the podcast
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i'm often asked how can i make sure my voice is heard people aren't wondering how do they insert
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it into a conversation they literally want to understand how can my volume go up
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so today i'd like to have a conversation about volume
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and you can't have a conversation about volume without talking about breath then we'll talk about how to expand your volume, build vocal stamina.
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And finally, we'll conclude to talk about how microphones can help you communicate better.
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Your voice is a wind instrument.
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The more you do with it, the more your volume and voice can be affected by it.
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We need to think about how we breathe to help us project our voice.
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Many of us, when we get nervous or are uncertain, we breathe shallow and tight in the upper chest.
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We also breathe very quickly.
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This changes our ability to project our voice.
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You have to be able to fill your lower abdomen to support your voice fully.
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Something you can do in the privacy of your own space
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to figure out where you're breathing from is to put one palm on your upper chest and one on your lower abdomen.
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If I'm speaking from my upper chest as I'm doing now, I feel vibration and a little movement here and nothing in my lower abdomen.
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But when I take a deeper breath and speak lower and sometimes slower,
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I actually feel a lot of movement here and a little vibration in my upper chest.
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So to help build that awareness of where your breath is coming from, give yourself a sensory experience of it.
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Another way to help you learn about your breathing is to read out loud.
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Reading out loud is a proxy for speaking out loud
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and the benefit of reading out loud is you can focus on your breathing
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because the words are presented right in front of you.
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I don't care what you read, it can be something for work, for pleasure, it can be email, a magazine, does not matter.
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By reading out loud and really paying attention to where the breath is coming from, you can gain more control of it.
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And the more control you have over it, the better able you are to project.
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So lower, slower breathing gives you more vocal support so you can project your voice.
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Now there's a really interesting technique that I learned from an acting professional.
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While I'm not an actor myself, I really like this technique.
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Rather than just thinking about projecting your voice forward, actually pick a place where you want to put your voice.
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So imagine you're in a conference room sitting around a large table, you're at one end, and there are people far away from you.
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Instead of just broadcasting out, focus your voice in front of the person who's sitting farthest from you.
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In doing so, it changes the structure of your body.
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You'll tend to open up more.
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You'll breathe more deeply, and you'll be able to position your voice so it'll be louder.
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So it's not about broadcasting it out.
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It's about focusing on placing your voice in a certain space.
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I alluded to body posture just a moment ago, and this is really important.
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You want to open your body as much as possible.
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Many of us, especially when we're on virtual calls, we hunch over and close our body off.
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That reduces the oxygen.
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In fact, many actors and actresses or professional speakers, before they go out on stage and project,
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they'll work on stretching their body and opening it up.
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That's a great place for us to start.
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Once we have the mechanics and the breath, we have to work on stamina.
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Very few of you would wake up one morning and say, I'm going to go run a marathon and just start running.
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If you wanted to run a marathon, you'd train first.
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And the same thing is true with your voice and vocal projection.
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If you're going to speak for 5, 10, 30, 60 minutes, you should build vocal stamina.
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Because most Most of us can start out strong, but can we sustain it so we can continue to project our voice?
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Best way to do this, again, is reading out loud.
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Reading out loud to build vocal stamina is like running on a treadmill to build your stamina for running a road race.
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So if you know you have a 30 minute presentation that you have to give in a week or two,
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you should start reading out loud for five
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or 10 minutes a day to build that stamina so you can project your voice all the way through.
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And you wanna make sure that you have the energy at the end of your communication as well as at the beginning.
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Many of us start energetic and excited.
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And because we're speaking for so long, we lose our wind.
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We lose that energy.
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By building vocal stamina, you'll continue to have the energy and be able to project your voice.
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Now, fortunately, we live in a world where there's technology that can help us project our voice.
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Microphones are very useful for helping you not just record what you're saying, but to make sure your voice is projected.
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Now, we have to use microphones appropriately.
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The first type of mic I want to talk about is a lavalier mic, a lav.
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This is a little microphone that usually gets clipped right under your chin.
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Now, it tends to have a cord and a battery pack.
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You have to be careful and make sure that you're prepared for that because often you'll drop the cord through your shirt,
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and you need to have a place to clip the battery pack or a pocket to put it in.
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I've worked with some speakers who came dressed in a way that did not allow for those to easily be done.
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When it comes to a lavalier you want to make sure it's about six inches away from your mouth
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and because it is fixed you want to make sure that your head stays in the same position.
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So if the lavalier is here
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and I turn over here notice I've increased the distance
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and unless you have somebody working the sound board that is controlling the volume your voice will get quieter.
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So if you have a lavalier mic, you simply turn your whole body so you keep the orientation the same.
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So make sure you have something to clip it to, both the mic and the pack,
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and try to keep your head in relationship to the mic the same so your volume stays the same.
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Now sometimes when you're speaking, you actually have a microphone.
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Handheld mic needs to be kept at the same distance from your mouth
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so that the volume stays the same and you make the life of the soundboard operator much easier.
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So lightly hold the mic.
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Some people clutch it because they're so nervous.
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Lightly hold the mic.
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Put your elbow against your body.
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This is the only time I ever encourage people to connect the elbow to the body.
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Usually when gesturing, we want it away.
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And I gesture with the other hand and notice I'm keeping the distance about six inches the same.
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Now if I want to switch hands, which is a good thing because this arm might get tired, I come to the mic,
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keep the mic in the same place, and gesture with the other hand.
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Some mics have cables, and you need to be careful with where the cable is.
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I saw a speaker once trip over the cable, embarrassing for them, and dangerous.
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So if you're using a handheld mic, hold it in place, gesture with the other hand, and again, come back to it.
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These are all techniques that will help you project your voice and make sure your point is heard.
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We want to think about body posture and breathing.
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We want to think about placing our voice.
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We want to make sure we build that vocal stamina to support our energy and volume throughout what we say.
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And finally, we want to leverage microphones appropriately to help us make sure we're heard.
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Thank you for joining me for this
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Quick Thinks episode of Think Fast, Talk Smart, the podcast.
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To learn more about voice, please listen to episode 262 with Patsy Rodenberg.
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This episode was produced by Katherine Reed, Alex McCarthy, Ryan Campos, and me, Matt Abrahams.
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Our music is from Floyd Wonder, with special thanks to the Stanford GSB video crew.
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Thanks also to Podium Podcast Company.
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Please find us on YouTube and wherever you get your podcasts.
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Be sure to subscribe and rate us.
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Also, follow us on LinkedIn, TikTok, and Instagram.
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And check out Fastersmarter .io for deep dive videos, English language learning content, and our newsletter.
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Please consider joining our Think Fast, Talk Smart Learning community at Fastersmarter .io slash learning.
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You'll find video lessons, learning quests, discussion boards, an AI coach, and book club opportunities.
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Again, that's FasterSmarter .io slash learning to become part of our think -fast, talk -smart learning community.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“Your Voice Is a Wind Instrument”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：voice, mic, project, volume, stamina。 这段视频共有 112 个句子、1566 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 9:20。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 168 个词，接近日常对话。 84% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| breathe 动词 | /bɹiːð/ | 呼吸, 吸 |
| microphone 名词 | /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌfəʊn/ | 麥克風 /麦克风, 話筒 /话筒 |
| podcast 名词 | /ˈpɑdˌkæst/ | 播客 |
| gesture 名词 | /ˈd͡ʒɛs.t͡ʃɚ/ | 手勢 /手势, 姿勢 /姿势 |
| technique 名词 | /tɛkˈniːk/ | 技術 /技术, 技巧 |
| abdomen 名词 | /ˈæb.də.mən/ | 腹部, 腹 |
| broadcast 名词 | /ˈbɹɔːd(ˌ)kɑːst/ | 廣播 /广播 |
| marathon 名词 | /ˈmæɹəθən/ | 馬拉松 /马拉松 |
| cord 名词 | /ˈkoɹd/ | 繩 /绳, 繩子 /绳子 |
| elbow 名词 | /ˈɛlboʊ̯/ | 肘, 肘部 |
| vibration 名词 | /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/ | 振動 /振动, 振盪 /振荡 |
| pocket 名词 | /ˈpɑ.kɪt/ | 口袋, 荷包 |
| lesson 名词 | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | 課業 /课业, -課 /-课 |
| actress 名词 | /ˈæk.tɹɪs/ | 女演員 /女演员, 女優 /女优 |
| encourage 动词 | /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ | 鼓勵 /鼓励, 激勵 /激励 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| check out 动词 | 退房 | |
| figure out 动词 | 弄清楚 | |
| go up 动词 | 上昇 /上升, 上去 | |
| speak out 动词 | 表達意見 /表达意见, 主張己見 /主张己见 | |
| turn over 动词 | 翻過 /翻过, 翻轉 /翻转 | |
| wake up 动词 | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | 醒, 醒來 /醒来 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | being heard · is heard · can be affected |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | I've worked · I've increased |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 37 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 you're, I'm, you'll。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “th” 音: breathe /bɹiːð/, marathon /ˈmæɹəθən/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: vibration /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/, presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, orientation /ˌɔː.ɹi.ənˈteɪ.ʃən/, shallow /ˈʃæloʊ/, projection /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/, operator /ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɚ/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, orientation /ˌɔː.ɹi.ənˈteɪ.ʃən/, fortunately /ˈfɔɹ.t͡ʃə.nɪt.li/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: vocal /ˈvoʊ̯.kəl/, vibration /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/, privacy /ˈpɹaɪ.və.si/, virtual /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/, wherever /(h)wɛɹˈɛvɚ/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: podcast /ˈpɑdˌkæst/, technique /tɛkˈniːk/, clip /klɪp/, broadcast /ˈbɹɔːd(ˌ)kɑːst/, cord /ˈkoɹd/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: virtual /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/, fortunately /ˈfɔɹ.t͡ʃə.nɪt.li/, leverage /ˈlɛv.(ə.)ɹɪd͡ʒ/, lavalier /ˌlæv.əˈlɪɹ/, treadmill /ˈtɹɛd.mɪl/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 breathe, microphone, podcast 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。