シャドーイング練習: Your Voice Is a Wind Instrument | Matt Abrahams on Projecting Without Straining - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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fundamental to effective communication is being heard i'm matt abrahams
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and i teach strategic communication at stanford graduate school of business
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welcome to this quick thinks episode of think fast talk smart the podcast
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i'm often asked how can i make sure my voice is heard people aren't wondering how do they insert
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it into a conversation they literally want to understand how can my volume go up
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so today i'd like to have a conversation about volume
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and you can't have a conversation about volume without talking about breath then we'll talk about how to expand your volume, build vocal stamina.
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And finally, we'll conclude to talk about how microphones can help you communicate better.
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Your voice is a wind instrument.
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The more you do with it, the more your volume and voice can be affected by it.
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We need to think about how we breathe to help us project our voice.
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Many of us, when we get nervous or are uncertain, we breathe shallow and tight in the upper chest.
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We also breathe very quickly.
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This changes our ability to project our voice.
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You have to be able to fill your lower abdomen to support your voice fully.
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Something you can do in the privacy of your own space
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to figure out where you're breathing from is to put one palm on your upper chest and one on your lower abdomen.
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If I'm speaking from my upper chest as I'm doing now, I feel vibration and a little movement here and nothing in my lower abdomen.
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But when I take a deeper breath and speak lower and sometimes slower,
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I actually feel a lot of movement here and a little vibration in my upper chest.
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So to help build that awareness of where your breath is coming from, give yourself a sensory experience of it.
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Another way to help you learn about your breathing is to read out loud.
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Reading out loud is a proxy for speaking out loud
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and the benefit of reading out loud is you can focus on your breathing
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because the words are presented right in front of you.
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I don't care what you read, it can be something for work, for pleasure, it can be email, a magazine, does not matter.
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By reading out loud and really paying attention to where the breath is coming from, you can gain more control of it.
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And the more control you have over it, the better able you are to project.
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So lower, slower breathing gives you more vocal support so you can project your voice.
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Now there's a really interesting technique that I learned from an acting professional.
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While I'm not an actor myself, I really like this technique.
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Rather than just thinking about projecting your voice forward, actually pick a place where you want to put your voice.
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So imagine you're in a conference room sitting around a large table, you're at one end, and there are people far away from you.
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Instead of just broadcasting out, focus your voice in front of the person who's sitting farthest from you.
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In doing so, it changes the structure of your body.
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You'll tend to open up more.
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You'll breathe more deeply, and you'll be able to position your voice so it'll be louder.
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So it's not about broadcasting it out.
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It's about focusing on placing your voice in a certain space.
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I alluded to body posture just a moment ago, and this is really important.
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You want to open your body as much as possible.
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Many of us, especially when we're on virtual calls, we hunch over and close our body off.
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That reduces the oxygen.
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In fact, many actors and actresses or professional speakers, before they go out on stage and project,
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they'll work on stretching their body and opening it up.
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That's a great place for us to start.
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Once we have the mechanics and the breath, we have to work on stamina.
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Very few of you would wake up one morning and say, I'm going to go run a marathon and just start running.
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If you wanted to run a marathon, you'd train first.
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And the same thing is true with your voice and vocal projection.
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If you're going to speak for 5, 10, 30, 60 minutes, you should build vocal stamina.
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Because most Most of us can start out strong, but can we sustain it so we can continue to project our voice?
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Best way to do this, again, is reading out loud.
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Reading out loud to build vocal stamina is like running on a treadmill to build your stamina for running a road race.
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So if you know you have a 30 minute presentation that you have to give in a week or two,
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you should start reading out loud for five
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or 10 minutes a day to build that stamina so you can project your voice all the way through.
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And you wanna make sure that you have the energy at the end of your communication as well as at the beginning.
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Many of us start energetic and excited.
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And because we're speaking for so long, we lose our wind.
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We lose that energy.
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By building vocal stamina, you'll continue to have the energy and be able to project your voice.
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Now, fortunately, we live in a world where there's technology that can help us project our voice.
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Microphones are very useful for helping you not just record what you're saying, but to make sure your voice is projected.
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Now, we have to use microphones appropriately.
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The first type of mic I want to talk about is a lavalier mic, a lav.
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This is a little microphone that usually gets clipped right under your chin.
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Now, it tends to have a cord and a battery pack.
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You have to be careful and make sure that you're prepared for that because often you'll drop the cord through your shirt,
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and you need to have a place to clip the battery pack or a pocket to put it in.
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I've worked with some speakers who came dressed in a way that did not allow for those to easily be done.
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When it comes to a lavalier you want to make sure it's about six inches away from your mouth
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and because it is fixed you want to make sure that your head stays in the same position.
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So if the lavalier is here
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and I turn over here notice I've increased the distance
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and unless you have somebody working the sound board that is controlling the volume your voice will get quieter.
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So if you have a lavalier mic, you simply turn your whole body so you keep the orientation the same.
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So make sure you have something to clip it to, both the mic and the pack,
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and try to keep your head in relationship to the mic the same so your volume stays the same.
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Now sometimes when you're speaking, you actually have a microphone.
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Handheld mic needs to be kept at the same distance from your mouth
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so that the volume stays the same and you make the life of the soundboard operator much easier.
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So lightly hold the mic.
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Some people clutch it because they're so nervous.
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Lightly hold the mic.
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Put your elbow against your body.
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This is the only time I ever encourage people to connect the elbow to the body.
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Usually when gesturing, we want it away.
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And I gesture with the other hand and notice I'm keeping the distance about six inches the same.
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Now if I want to switch hands, which is a good thing because this arm might get tired, I come to the mic,
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keep the mic in the same place, and gesture with the other hand.
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Some mics have cables, and you need to be careful with where the cable is.
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I saw a speaker once trip over the cable, embarrassing for them, and dangerous.
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So if you're using a handheld mic, hold it in place, gesture with the other hand, and again, come back to it.
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These are all techniques that will help you project your voice and make sure your point is heard.
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We want to think about body posture and breathing.
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We want to think about placing our voice.
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We want to make sure we build that vocal stamina to support our energy and volume throughout what we say.
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And finally, we want to leverage microphones appropriately to help us make sure we're heard.
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Thank you for joining me for this
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Quick Thinks episode of Think Fast, Talk Smart, the podcast.
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To learn more about voice, please listen to episode 262 with Patsy Rodenberg.
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This episode was produced by Katherine Reed, Alex McCarthy, Ryan Campos, and me, Matt Abrahams.
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Our music is from Floyd Wonder, with special thanks to the Stanford GSB video crew.
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Thanks also to Podium Podcast Company.
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Please find us on YouTube and wherever you get your podcasts.
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Be sure to subscribe and rate us.
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Also, follow us on LinkedIn, TikTok, and Instagram.
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And check out Fastersmarter .io for deep dive videos, English language learning content, and our newsletter.
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Please consider joining our Think Fast, Talk Smart Learning community at Fastersmarter .io slash learning.
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You'll find video lessons, learning quests, discussion boards, an AI coach, and book club opportunities.
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Again, that's FasterSmarter .io slash learning to become part of our think -fast, talk -smart learning community.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Your Voice Is a Wind Instrument」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：voice, mic, project, volume, stamina。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が112文、単語が1566語あります。 音声の長さは9:20です。 話す速さは1分あたり約168語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。 単語の84%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| breathe 動詞 | /bɹiːð/ | 呼吸する, 息をする |
| microphone 名詞 | /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌfəʊn/ | マイクロフォン, マイク |
| podcast 名詞 | /ˈpɑdˌkæst/ | ポッドキャスト |
| gesture 名詞 | /ˈd͡ʒɛs.t͡ʃɚ/ | ジェスチャー, 身振り |
| technique 名詞 | /tɛkˈniːk/ | 技術 |
| abdomen 名詞 | /ˈæb.də.mən/ | 腹, 腹部 |
| broadcast 名詞 | /ˈbɹɔːd(ˌ)kɑːst/ | 放送 |
| marathon 名詞 | /ˈmæɹəθən/ | マラソン |
| cord 名詞 | /ˈkoɹd/ | 縄 |
| elbow 名詞 | /ˈɛlboʊ̯/ | 肘 |
| vibration 名詞 | /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/ | 振動 |
| pocket 名詞 | /ˈpɑ.kɪt/ | ポケット, 懐中 |
| lesson 名詞 | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | 授業, 学科 |
| actress 名詞 | /ˈæk.tɹɪs/ | 女優 |
| encourage 動詞 | /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ | 勇気付ける, 奨励する |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| check out 動詞 | 試験する, 検査する | |
| go up 動詞 | 上がる, 登る | |
| turn over 動詞 | 裏返す, ひっくり返す | |
| wake up 動詞 | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | 目覚める, 目を覚ます |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | being heard · is heard · can be affected |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | I've worked · I've increased |
注意したい発音
話し手はyou're, I'm, you'llなど、短縮形や弱形を37回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「th」の音: breathe /bɹiːð/, marathon /ˈmæɹəθən/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: vibration /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/, presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, orientation /ˌɔː.ɹi.ənˈteɪ.ʃən/, shallow /ˈʃæloʊ/, projection /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/, operator /ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɚ/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, orientation /ˌɔː.ɹi.ənˈteɪ.ʃən/, fortunately /ˈfɔɹ.t͡ʃə.nɪt.li/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: virtual /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/, fortunately /ˈfɔɹ.t͡ʃə.nɪt.li/, leverage /ˈlɛv.(ə.)ɹɪd͡ʒ/, lavalier /ˌlæv.əˈlɪɹ/, treadmill /ˈtɹɛd.mɪl/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: vocal /ˈvoʊ̯.kəl/, vibration /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/, privacy /ˈpɹaɪ.və.si/, virtual /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/, wherever /(h)wɛɹˈɛvɚ/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: microphone /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌfəʊn/, fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/, fortunately /ˈfɔɹ.t͡ʃə.nɪt.li/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。breathe, microphone, podcastなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。