第 6 课 · 第 1 阶段: 基础
一般现在时与现在进行时
初级Present simple vs present continuous
构成与用法
I work vs I'm working;know, want, like 很少用 -ing——习惯或事实 vs 正在发生的事
1.快速对比
| 一般现在时 (I do) | 现在进行时 (I am doing) |
|---|---|
| 一般情况、反复的动作、习惯 | 现在或这段时间正在发生的事 |
| 长期、永久的情况 | 暂时的情况 |
| 永远正确的事实 | 正在发生的变化 |
He works in a bank. This week he's working from home.
他在银行工作。这周他在家办公。(长期 ↔ 暂时)
What do you do? — What are you doing?
你是做什么工作的?——你在做什么?(职业 ↔ 此刻正在做的事)
It rains a lot in September. Take an umbrella — it's raining.
九月经常下雨。带把伞吧——外面正在下雨。
I usually walk to school, but today I'm taking the bus.
我平时走路上学,但今天坐公交车。
问问自己:“这件事是不是这段时间正在进行,而且会停下来?”→ 进行时。“这是日常习惯,或者事情本来就是这样?”→ 一般现在时。
2.状态动词
表示思考、感觉、拥有和感官的动词通常不用进行时,即使你说的是此刻。
| 类别 | 动词 |
|---|---|
| 喜欢 / 想要 | like, love, hate, want, need, prefer, wish |
| 思考 / 知道 | know, understand, believe, remember, forget, mean, realise, suppose, recognise |
| 拥有 | have (= own), own, belong, contain, include |
| 感官 / 外表 | see, hear, smell, taste, seem, look (= seem), sound |
| 其他 | cost, weigh, depend, matter, fit, consist |
I'm thirsty. I want some water.
我渴了,我想喝点水。(不说:I'm wanting)
Do you remember her name?
你记得她的名字吗?
This bag belongs to my sister.
这个包是我姐姐的。
3.有两种意思的动词
有些动词既可以表示状态,也可以表示动作。表示状态时用一般现在时;表示动作时可以用进行时。
| 动词 | 状态(一般现在时) | 动作(进行时) |
|---|---|---|
| think | I think it's a good idea.(= 有某种看法) | I'm thinking about my future.(= 考虑) |
| have | She has two cats.(= 拥有) | She's having a shower.(= 正在洗) |
| see | I see what you mean.(= 明白、注意到) | I'm seeing the doctor at 3.(= 见面) |
| taste / smell | This soup tastes salty.(= 有某种味道) | He's tasting the soup.(= 尝) |
| look | You look tired.(= 看起来) | Why are you looking at me?(= 把目光投向) |
| be | He's rude.(= 他的性格) | He's being rude today.(= 表现) |
用 feel 和 look 谈健康状况时,两种时态都可以:How do you feel? = How are you feeling?
4.always:习惯还是抱怨
I always take the stairs.
我总是走楼梯。(一般现在时:每次都这样)
You're always losing your keys!
你老是丢钥匙!(进行时:抱怨——这事发生得太频繁了)
5.常见错误
I'm knowing the answer.I know the answer.
know 是状态动词。
She is having a big house.She has a big house.
have = 拥有 → 不用进行时。
Look! The bus comes.Look! The bus is coming.
事情就在说话时发生。
I'm usually getting up at 6.I usually get up at 6.
习惯 → 用一般现在时。
What do you think about? — I think about my exam.What are you thinking about? — I'm thinking about my exam.
think = 考虑 → 可以用进行时。
例句
- Be quiet! The baby is sleeping.
- Look! It is raining again.
- I understand what you mean.
- Nga usually walks to work, but this week she's taking the bus.
