تدريب Shadowing: Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 1 Passage 3 - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

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3. The Future of Work According to a leading business consultancy,
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3-14% of the global workforce will need to switch to a different occupation within the next 10-15 years,
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and all workers will need to adapt as their occupations evolve alongside increasingly capable machines.
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Automation, or Embodied Artificial Intelligence, AI, is one aspect of the disruptive effects of technology on the labor market.
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Disembodied L, like the algorithms running in our smartphones, is another.
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Dr. Stella Pacitti from Cambridge Judge Business School believes
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that some of the most fundamental changes are happening as a result of the algorithmication of jobs
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that are dependent on data rather than on production, the so-called knowledge economy.
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Algorithms are capable of learning from data to undertake tasks that previously needed human judgment, such as reading legal contracts,
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analyzing medical scans, and gathering market intelligence.
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In many cases, they can outperform humans, says Pachidi.
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Organizations are attracted to using algorithms because they want to make choices based on what they consider as perfect information, as well as to reduce costs and enhance productivity.
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But these enhancements are not without consequences, says Pachidi.
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If routine cognitive tasks are taken over by AI, how do professions develop their future experts?
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She asks.
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One way of learning about a job is legitimate peripheral participation.
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A novice stands next to experts and learns by observation.
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If this isn't happening, then you need to find new ways to learn.
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Another issue is the extent to which the technology influences or even controls the workforce.
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For over two years, Puccini monitored a telecommunications company.
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The way telecom salespeople work is through personal and frequent contact with clients, using the benefit of experience to assess a situation and reach a decision.
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However, the company had started using an algorithm that defined
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when account managers should contact certain customers about which kinds of campaigns and what to offer them.
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The algorithm, usually built by external designers, often becomes the keeper of knowledge, she explains.
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In cases like this, Pachitti believes,
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a short-sighted view begins to creep into working practices whereby workers learn through the algorithm's eyes and become dependent on its instructions.
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Alternative explorations, where experimentation and human instinct lead to progress and new ideas, are effectively discouraged.
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Pachidi and colleagues even observed people developing strategies to make the algorithm work to their own advantage.
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We are seeing cases where workers feed the algorithm with false
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data to reach their targets she reports it's scenarios like these
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that many researchers are working to avoid their objective is to make ai technologies more trustworthy
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and transparent so that organizations
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and individuals understand how ai decisions are made in the meantime
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says pachidi We need to make sure we fully understand the dilemmas that this new world raises regarding expertise, occupational boundaries, and control.
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Economist Professor Hamish Lowe believes that the future of work will involve major transitions across the whole life course for everyone.
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The traditional trajectory of full-time education followed by full-time work followed by a pension retirement is a thing of the past, says Lowe.
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Instead, he envisages a multi-stage employment life, one where retraining happens across the life course,
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and where multiple jobs and no job happen by choice at different stages.
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On the subject of job losses, Mo believes the predictions are founded on a fallacy, it assumes that the number of jobs is fixed.
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If in 30 years, half of 100 jobs are being carried out by robots,
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that doesn't mean we are left with just 50 jobs for The number of jobs will increase.
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We would expect there to be 150 jobs.
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Dr. Ewan Mitkauhi at Cambridge's Centre for Business Research in King's College London agrees
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that apocalyptic views about the future of work are misguided.
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It's the laws that restrict the supply of capital to the job market, not the advent of new technologies that causes unemployment.
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His recently published research answers the question of whether automation, AI and robotics will mean a jobless future by looking at the causes of unemployment.
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it.
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History is clear that change can mean redundancies, but social policies can tackle this through retraining and redeployment.
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He adds, if there is going to be changed to jobs as a result of AI
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and robotics then I'd like to see governments seizing the opportunity to improve policy to enforce good job security.
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We can reprogram the law to prepare for a fairer future of work and leisure.
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McGauhe's findings are a call to arms to leaders of organizations, governments and banks to preempt for coming changes with bold new policies that guarantee full employment,
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fair incomes and a thriving economic democracy.
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The promises of these new technologies are astounding.
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They deliver humankind the capacity to live in a way that nobody could have once imagined humans.
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Just as the Industrial Revolution brought people past subsistence agriculture and the corporate revolution enabled mass production,
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a third revolution has been pronounced.
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But it will not only be one of technology.
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The next revolution will be social.

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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس

هذا الدرس في المحادثة بمستوى C1 مبني على الفيديو “Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 1 Passage 3”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: algorithm, pachidi, believes, revolution, technologies. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 59 جملة و839 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 5:47. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة ثابتة، نحو 145 كلمة في الدقيقة، وهي سرعة مريحة للترديد. 77% فقط من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، فالمفردات صعبة نسبيًا.

أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو

أصعب 15 كلمة في الفيديو، مع النطق والمعنى:

الكلمةالنطقالمعنى
algorithm اسم/ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/خَوَارِزْمِيَّة
robotics اسم/ɹoʊˈbɑ.tɪks/رُوبُوتِيَّة, عِلْمُ الرُّوبُوتَات
automation اسم/ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/أَتْمَتَة, تَأْلِيَّة
workforce اسم/ˈwɝk.foɹs/قُوَّة عَمَل
astound فعل/əˈstaʊnd/ذُهِل
fallacy اسم/ˈfæl.ə.si/مُغَالَطَة
salesperson اسمبَيَّاع, بَيَّاعَة
trustworthy صفة/ˈtɹʌst.wɜː.ði/ثِقَةٌ
trajectory اسم/tɹəˈd͡ʒɛktəɹi/مَسَار
occupational صفة/ɑkjuˈpeɪʃənəl/وَظِيفِيّ, مِهَنِيّ
undertake فعل/ˌʌndəˈteɪk/قَامَ
thrive فعل/θɹajv/ظَهَرَ
dilemma اسم/daɪˈlɛmə/مُعْضِلَة
whereby ظرف/wɛə(ɹ)ˈbaɪ/الذي به, بذلك
seize فعل/ˈsiːz/إِسْتَوْلَى عَلَى

الأفعال المركبة التي ستسمعها

الكلمةالنطقالمعنى
carry out فعل/ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/شَغَّلَ, نَفَّذَ

نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه

يستخدم المتحدث 3 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل doesn't, I'd, isn't. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.

  • أصوات “th”: algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, trustworthy /ˈtɹʌst.wɜː.ði/, thrive /θɹajv/
  • أصوات “sh” و“zh”: automation /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/, experimentation /ɪkˌspɛɹ.ə.mənˈteɪ.ʃən/, telecommunication /ˌtɛləkəˌmjunɪˈkeɪʃən/, occupational /ɑkjuˈpeɪʃənəl/, leisure /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/
  • الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: automation /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/, apocalyptic /əˈpɒ.kə.lɪp.tɪk/, consultancy /kənˈsʌl.tən.si/, disembodied /dɪsɪmˈbɒdiːd/, experimentation /ɪkˌspɛɹ.ə.mənˈteɪ.ʃən/

أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:

  • /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: apocalyptic /əˈpɒ.kə.lɪp.tɪk/, disruptive /dɪsˈɹʌptɪv/, experimentation /ɪkˌspɛɹ.ə.mənˈteɪ.ʃən/, outperform /ˌaʊt.pɚˈfɔɹm/, preempt /ˌpɹiːˈɛmpt/
  • /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: disruptive /dɪsˈɹʌptɪv/, envisage /ɛnˈvɪzɪd͡ʒ/, novice /ˈnɑvɪs/, advent /ˈæd.vɛnt/, thrive /θɹajv/
  • تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: robotics /ɹoʊˈbɑ.tɪks/, workforce /ˈwɝk.foɹs/, astound /əˈstaʊnd/, experimentation /ɪkˌspɛɹ.ə.mənˈteɪ.ʃən/, humankind /ˌhjuːmənˈkaɪnd/

كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو

  1. استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
  2. ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
  3. سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل algorithm, robotics, automation.

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟

التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.

تقنية الشادوينغ: اقرأ الدليل الكامل خطوة بخطوة →