تدريب Shadowing: Ethnography in Business | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-4 - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

اختر وضع التدريب

كل وضع يفتح غرفة تدريب بملء الشاشة.

58 جمل
إذا كانت الجمل قصيرة أو طويلة جدًا، انقر على Edit لتعديلها.
1
You will hear part of a lecture to business students about the use of one particular type of research known as ethnography.
2
First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
3
Thank you.
4
Thank you.
5
Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
6
So, what I'm going to talk about to you today is something called ethnography.
7
This is a type of research aimed at exploring the way human cultures work.
8
It was first developed for use in anthropology, and it's also been used in sociology and communication studies.
9
So, what's it got to do with business, you may ask?
10
Well, businesses are finding that ethnography can offer them deeper insight into the possible needs of customers,
11
either present or future, as well as providing valuable information about their attitudes towards existing products.
12
And ethnography can also help companies to design new products or services
13
that customers really want let's look at some examples of how
14
ethnographic research works in business one team of researchers did a
15
project for a company manufacturing kitchen equipment they watched how cooks used measuring cups to measure out things like sugar
16
and flour they saw that the cooks had to check
17
and recheck the contents because although the measuring cups had numbers inside them, the cooks couldn't see these easily.
18
So, a new design of cup was developed to overcome this problem, and it was a top seller.
19
Another team of ethnographic researchers looked at how cell phones were used in Uganda, in Africa.
20
They found that people who didn't have their own phones could pay to use the phones of local entrepreneurs.
21
Because these customers paid in advance for their calls, they were eager to know how much time they'd spent on the call so far.
22
So, the phone company designed phones for use globally with this added feature.
23
Ethnographic research has also been carried out in computer companies.
24
In one company, IT systems administrators were observed for several weeks.
25
It was found that a large amount of their work involved communicating with colleagues in order to solve problems,
26
but that they didn't have a standard way of exchanging information from spreadsheets and so on.
27
So, the team came up with an idea for software that would help them to do this.
28
In another piece of research, a team observed and talked to nurses working in hospitals.
29
This led to the recognition that the nurses needed to access the computer records of their patients no matter where they were.
30
This led to the development of a portable computer tablet that allowed the nurses to check records in locations throughout the hospital.
31
Occasionally, research can be done even in environments where the researchers can't be present.
32
For example, in one project done for an airline,
33
respondents used their smartphones to record information during airline trips, in a study aiming at tracking the emotions of passengers during a flight.
34
So, what makes studies like these different from ordinary research?
35
Let's look at some of the general principles behind ethnographic research in business.
36
First of all, the researcher has to be completely open-minded.
37
He or she hasn't thought up a hypothesis to be tested, as is the case in other types of research.
38
Instead, they wait for the participants in the research to inform them.
39
As far as choosing the participants themselves is concerned, that's not really all that different from ordinary research.
40
The criteria according to which the participants are chosen may be something as simple as the age bracket they fall into,
41
or the researchers may select them according to their income, or they might try to find a set of people who all use a particular product, for example.
42
But it's absolutely crucial to recruit the right people as participants.
43
As well as the criteria I've mentioned, they have to be comfortable talking about themselves and being watched as they go about their activities.
44
Actually, most researchers say that people open up pretty easily, maybe because they're often in their own home or workplace.
45
So, what makes this type of research special is that it's not just a matter of sending a questionnaire to the participants.
46
Instead, the research is usually based on first-hand observation of what they are doing at the time.
47
But that doesn't mean that the researcher never talks to the participants.
48
However, unlike in traditional research,
49
in this case, it's the participant rather than the researchers who decides what direction the interview will follow.
50
This means that there's less likelihood of the researcher imposing his or her own ideas on the participant.
51
But after they've said goodbye to their participants and got back to their office, the researcher's work isn't finished.
52
Most researchers estimate that 70 to 80 percent of their time is spent not on the collecting of data,
53
but on its analysis, looking at photos, listening to recordings and transcribing them, and so on.
54
The researchers may end up with hundreds of pages of notes, and to determine what's significant, They don't focus on the sensational things or the unusual things.
55
Instead, they try to identify a pattern of some sort in all this data and to discern the meaning behind it.
56
This can result in some compelling insights that can, in turn, feed back to the whole design process.
57
That is the end of Section 4.
58
You now have half a minute to check your answers.

تنزيل التطبيق

كل ما تحتاجه للتحدث بطلاقة

تقييم النطق بالذكاء الاصطناعيتقييم كل جملة
تدريب IPAأتقن كل صوت
المفرداتابنِ رصيدك من الكلمات
لعبة المفرداتتعلّم أثناء اللعب
امسح رمز QR
امسح رمز QR
Download on theApp StoreGet it onGoogle Play

نفس القناة

Dolphins | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-2B2
2

Dolphins | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-2

IELTS PrepUniversity Students
Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) With Answers | IELTS LISTENING SECTION-4C1
2

Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) With Answers | IELTS LISTENING SECTION-4

IELTS PrepUniversity Students
Global Design Competition | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-3B2
2

Global Design Competition | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-3

IELTS PrepUniversity Students
Win ridge Forest Railway Park | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-2B2
8

Win ridge Forest Railway Park | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-2

IELTS PrepUniversity Students
New City developments | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-2B2
2

New City developments | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-2

IELTS PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
Type of Job Required With Answers | IELTS LISTENING SECTION-1B1
2

Type of Job Required With Answers | IELTS LISTENING SECTION-1

IELTS PrepInterview EnglishUniversity Students
Rocky Bay Field trip | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-3B2
2

Rocky Bay Field trip | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-3

IELTS PrepUniversity Students
Apartments Facilities Other Information Cost | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-1B1
6

Apartments Facilities Other Information Cost | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-1

IELTS PrepTravel EnglishUniversity Students
Personal Assessment | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-2B2
1

Personal Assessment | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-2

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Health Centers | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-1B1
2

Health Centers | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-1

IELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Subject of drawing Change to be made | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-3B2
1

Subject of drawing Change to be made | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-3

IELTS PrepCambridge Exam PrepHigh School Students
Improvement to Red hill suburb | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-2B2
2

Improvement to Red hill suburb | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-2

IELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Changes in Barford over last 50 years | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-2B1
10

Changes in Barford over last 50 years | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-2

IELTS PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
Manham Port | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-2B2
3

Manham Port | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-2

IELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Dreamtime Travel Agency With Answers | IELTS LISTENING Section-1B1
2

Dreamtime Travel Agency With Answers | IELTS LISTENING Section-1

IELTS PrepTravel EnglishUniversity Students
In her Home Country | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-3B2
2

In her Home Country | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-3

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
In the library George found | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-1B1
3

In the library George found | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-1

IELTS PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
Nanotechnology: technology on a small scale | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-4C1
10

Nanotechnology: technology on a small scale | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-4

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Thorndyke's Builders | IELTS LISTENING TESTB1
5

Thorndyke's Builders | IELTS LISTENING TEST

IELTS PrepTOEIC PrepUniversity Students
Self-Access Centre | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-3B2
1

Self-Access Centre | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-3

IELTS PrepUniversity Students
FOR YOU

فيديو موصى به

CAM 21 | IELTS LISTENING TEST | TEST 4 - SECTION 2 #english #listening #ielts #education #iseeieltsB2
1
52 جمل

CAM 21 | IELTS LISTENING TEST | TEST 4 - SECTION 2 #english #listening #ielts #education #iseeielts

IELTS PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
2021w gillian tett 002 5000kC1
1
131 جمل

2021w gillian tett 002 5000k

Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 1 Passage 3C1
3
59 جمل

Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 1 Passage 3

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepBusiness English
IELTS Listening Section-4(Four Business Values) with answersC1
2
86 جمل

IELTS Listening Section-4(Four Business Values) with answers

IELTS PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
Notes on New Jobs: Đề thi IELTS LISTENING (actual test)B2
3
74 جمل

Notes on New Jobs: Đề thi IELTS LISTENING (actual test)

IELTS PrepBusiness EnglishInterview English
Complete IELTS Band 5-6.5 - UNIT 6C1
11
140 جمل

Complete IELTS Band 5-6.5 - UNIT 6

IELTS PrepTOEIC PrepBusiness English
Talking about Culture | How to Talk about Culture in EnglishC1
2
18 جمل

Talking about Culture | How to Talk about Culture in English

Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
[2026] TOEFL iBT Speaking Take an Interview | Step-by-Step Strategies #0008C1
2
160 جمل

[2026] TOEFL iBT Speaking Take an Interview | Step-by-Step Strategies #0008

TOEFL PrepBusiness EnglishInterview English
IELTS listening part 3 Product development presentation: mosquito netB2
6
96 جمل

IELTS listening part 3 Product development presentation: mosquito net

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepBusiness English
IELTS Speaking Part 3: Advertising and Consumer CultureC1
2
27 جمل

IELTS Speaking Part 3: Advertising and Consumer Culture

British AccentIELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
CET-6 Listening Long Conversation: A Four-Day Work WeekB2
2
28 جمل

CET-6 Listening Long Conversation: A Four-Day Work Week

American AccentBritish AccentCET-4/6 PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
Cambridge 12 Test 2 Section 4 ListeningC1
11
61 جمل

Cambridge 12 Test 2 Section 4 Listening

IELTS PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students

المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس

هذا الدرس في المحادثة بمستوى C1 مبني على الفيديو “Ethnography in Business”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: researcher, participant, ethnographic, ethnography, type. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 58 جملة و899 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 7:38. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة ثابتة، نحو 118 كلمة في الدقيقة، وهي سرعة مريحة للترديد. 84% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، ويُستحسن مراجعة الباقي قبل البدء.

أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو

أصعب 15 كلمة في الفيديو، مع النطق والمعنى:

الكلمةالنطقالمعنى
researcher اسم/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/بَاحِث, بَاحِثَة
participant اسم/pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/مُشَارِك, مُشَارِكَة
ethnographic صفةإِثْنُوغْرَافِيّ
ethnography اسم/ɛθˈnɑɡɹəfi/عِلْم الإِنْسََان التَطْبِيقِيّ, إِثْنُوغْرَافِيَّا
criterion اسم/kɹaɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/مِعْيَار
airline اسم/ˈɛɹˌlaɪn/شَرِكَة طَيَرَان, خُطُوط جَوِيَّة
observe فعل/əbˈzɜːv/لَاحَظَ, رَاقَبَ
compel فعل/kəmˈpɛl/أَكْرَهَ, أَجْبَرَ
questionnaire اسم/ˌk(w)ɛstʃəˈnɛə/اِسْتِبَانَة
spreadsheet اسم/ˈspɹɛd.ʃit/جَدْوَل بَيَانَات
cellar اسم/ˈsɛləɹ/قَبْو, سِرْدَاب
anthropology اسم/ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/عِلْمُ الإِنْسَان, أَنْطْرُوبُولُوجْيَا
sociology اسم/ˌsoʊsiˈɑləd͡ʒi/عِلْم الْمُجْتَمَع
bracket اسم/ˈbɹækɪt/قَوْس
hypothesis اسم/haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/فَرْضِيَّة

الأفعال المركبة التي ستسمعها

الكلمةالمعنى
come up with فعلجَاءَ بِـ, أَتَى بِـ

القواعد في هذا الفيديو

أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:

التركيبفي الفيديو
المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعلهwas developed · been carried · were observed
المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآنit's also been · has also been carried · hasn't thought
جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيءpeople who didn · people who all

نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه

يستخدم المتحدث 13 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل didn't, can't, couldn't. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.

  • أصوات “th”: ethnography /ɛθˈnɑɡɹəfi/, anthropology /ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/
  • أصوات “sh” و“zh”: spreadsheet /ˈspɹɛd.ʃit/, sensational /sɛnˈseɪʃənəl/
  • الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: participant /pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/, ethnography /ɛθˈnɑɡɹəfi/, criterion /kɹaɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/, sensational /sɛnˈseɪʃənəl/, anthropology /ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/

أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:

  • /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: participant /pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/, compel /kəmˈpɛl/, respondent /ɹɪˈspɑn.dənt/, spreadsheet /ˈspɹɛd.ʃit/, anthropology /ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/
  • تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: participant /pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/, criterion /kɹaɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/, questionnaire /ˌk(w)ɛstʃəˈnɛə/, respondent /ɹɪˈspɑn.dənt/, spreadsheet /ˈspɹɛd.ʃit/

كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو

  1. استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
  2. ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
  3. سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل researcher, participant, ethnographic.

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟

التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.

تقنية الشادوينغ: اقرأ الدليل الكامل خطوة بخطوة →