쉐도잉 연습: Ethnography in Business | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-4 - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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You will hear part of a lecture to business students about the use of one particular type of research known as ethnography.

First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

Thank you.

Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

So, what I'm going to talk about to you today is something called ethnography.

This is a type of research aimed at exploring the way human cultures work.

It was first developed for use in anthropology, and it's also been used in sociology and communication studies.

So, what's it got to do with business, you may ask?

Well, businesses are finding that ethnography can offer them deeper insight into the possible needs of customers,

either present or future, as well as providing valuable information about their attitudes towards existing products.

And ethnography can also help companies to design new products or services

that customers really want let's look at some examples of how

ethnographic research works in business one team of researchers did a

project for a company manufacturing kitchen equipment they watched how cooks used measuring cups to measure out things like sugar

and flour they saw that the cooks had to check

and recheck the contents because although the measuring cups had numbers inside them, the cooks couldn't see these easily.

So, a new design of cup was developed to overcome this problem, and it was a top seller.

Another team of ethnographic researchers looked at how cell phones were used in Uganda, in Africa.

They found that people who didn't have their own phones could pay to use the phones of local entrepreneurs.

Because these customers paid in advance for their calls, they were eager to know how much time they'd spent on the call so far.

So, the phone company designed phones for use globally with this added feature.

Ethnographic research has also been carried out in computer companies.

In one company, IT systems administrators were observed for several weeks.

It was found that a large amount of their work involved communicating with colleagues in order to solve problems,

but that they didn't have a standard way of exchanging information from spreadsheets and so on.

So, the team came up with an idea for software that would help them to do this.

In another piece of research, a team observed and talked to nurses working in hospitals.

This led to the recognition that the nurses needed to access the computer records of their patients no matter where they were.

This led to the development of a portable computer tablet that allowed the nurses to check records in locations throughout the hospital.

Occasionally, research can be done even in environments where the researchers can't be present.

For example, in one project done for an airline,

respondents used their smartphones to record information during airline trips, in a study aiming at tracking the emotions of passengers during a flight.

So, what makes studies like these different from ordinary research?

Let's look at some of the general principles behind ethnographic research in business.

First of all, the researcher has to be completely open-minded.

He or she hasn't thought up a hypothesis to be tested, as is the case in other types of research.

Instead, they wait for the participants in the research to inform them.

As far as choosing the participants themselves is concerned, that's not really all that different from ordinary research.

The criteria according to which the participants are chosen may be something as simple as the age bracket they fall into,

or the researchers may select them according to their income, or they might try to find a set of people who all use a particular product, for example.

But it's absolutely crucial to recruit the right people as participants.

As well as the criteria I've mentioned, they have to be comfortable talking about themselves and being watched as they go about their activities.

Actually, most researchers say that people open up pretty easily, maybe because they're often in their own home or workplace.

So, what makes this type of research special is that it's not just a matter of sending a questionnaire to the participants.

Instead, the research is usually based on first-hand observation of what they are doing at the time.

But that doesn't mean that the researcher never talks to the participants.

However, unlike in traditional research,

in this case, it's the participant rather than the researchers who decides what direction the interview will follow.

This means that there's less likelihood of the researcher imposing his or her own ideas on the participant.

But after they've said goodbye to their participants and got back to their office, the researcher's work isn't finished.

Most researchers estimate that 70 to 80 percent of their time is spent not on the collecting of data,

but on its analysis, looking at photos, listening to recordings and transcribing them, and so on.

The researchers may end up with hundreds of pages of notes, and to determine what's significant, They don't focus on the sensational things or the unusual things.

Instead, they try to identify a pattern of some sort in all this data and to discern the meaning behind it.

This can result in some compelling insights that can, in turn, feed back to the whole design process.

That is the end of Section 4.

You now have half a minute to check your answers.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 C1 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Ethnography in Business”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: researcher, participant, ethnographic, ethnography, type. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 58개와 단어 899개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 7:38입니다. 화자는 분당 약 118단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 단어의 84%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
researcher 명사	/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/	연구원, 연구자
participant 명사	/pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/	참가자
criterion 명사	/kɹaɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/	표준
airline 명사	/ˈɛɹˌlaɪn/	항공 회사, 항공사
observe 동사	/əbˈzɜːv/	관찰하다
compel 동사	/kəmˈpɛl/	강요하다
discern 동사	/dɪˈzɝn/	인지하다
questionnaire 명사	/ˌk(w)ɛstʃəˈnɛə/	설문지, 앙케트
spreadsheet 명사	/ˈspɹɛd.ʃit/	스프레드시트
cellar 명사	/ˈsɛləɹ/	지하실
anthropology 명사	/ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/	인류학
sociology 명사	/ˌsoʊsiˈɑləd͡ʒi/	사회학
bracket 명사	/ˈbɹækɪt/	괄호
hypothesis 명사	/haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/	가설
recruit 동사	/ɹɪˈkɹut/	모집하다

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	was developed · been carried · were observed
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	it's also been · has also been carried · hasn't thought
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	people who didn · people who all

주의할 발음

화자는 didn't, can't, couldn't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 13번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“th” 소리: ethnography /ɛθˈnɑɡɹəfi/, anthropology /ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: spreadsheet /ˈspɹɛd.ʃit/, sensational /sɛnˈseɪʃənəl/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: participant /pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/, ethnography /ɛθˈnɑɡɹəfi/, criterion /kɹaɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/, sensational /sɛnˈseɪʃənəl/, anthropology /ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: ethnography /ɛθˈnɑɡɹəfi/, flour /ˈflaʊ.ə/, smartphone /ˈsmɑɹtfoʊn/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: observe /əbˈzɜːv/, discern /dɪˈzɝn/
/r/과 /l/ 구별하기: airline /ˈɛɹˌlaɪn/, cellar /ˈsɛləɹ/, anthropology /ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/, portable /ˈpɔɹtəbəl/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, researcher, participant, criterion 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: Ethnography in Business | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-4 - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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