تدريب Shadowing: Is the internet good or bad? | 6 Minute English. - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
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This is a download from BBC Learning English.
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To find out more, visit our website.
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Hello, welcome to 6 Minute English.
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I'm Rob.
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And I'm Neil.
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Now Neil, can you remember the first time you ever used the World Wide Web, or as we often call it, the internet?
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And what you used it for?
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Oh, that's a good question.
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I do remember.
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and, well, nothing really changes, does it?
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Because I looked up pictures of cats.
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Cats.
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Very useful.
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Anyway, do you think the internet has generally been positive or negative for the world?
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Wow.
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Now that is a big question.
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A huge question.
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I don't know if I can answer that.
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Well, one person who perhaps can answer it is the man who invented it, British computer scientist Tim Berners -Lee.
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We'll find out what he thinks has become of his child shortly.
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But before that, a question for you all.
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When did Berners -Lee first suggest the idea for what would become the World Wide Web?
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Was it a.
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1985, b.
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1989 or c.
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1991?
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Tricky, but I think it's earlier than people think, so I'm going to go for 1985.
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Well, that was a long time ago, but we'll reveal the answer a little later in the programme.
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I think it's true to say that the internet has been one of, if not the most important, technological developments, perhaps, of all time.
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Would you agree, Neil?
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Well, it's hard to imagine living without it.
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Not impossible, but not nearly as convenient.
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These days, we take the internet for granted.
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We share our lives on social media and not just with friends and family.
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And that isn't always a positive thing, according to the father of the internet, Tim Berners -Lee.
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In a recent BBC Tech Tent programme, he talked about his concerns with the internet and particularly the companies that control its information,
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companies which he calls internet giants.
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What does he say he thought these companies had to do?
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Initially, I felt the main thing that an internet giant had to do was just to be neutral, just be a platform.
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And humanity, once connected by technology, will do wonderful things.
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And clearly it doesn't work like that.
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If you connect humanity via Wikipedia, then they do produce, in general, wonderful things.
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If you connect people by a social network where they have anonymity, then it can bring out the very nastiest of people.
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So, what did he say he thought these internet giants had to do?
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He said that he thought initially that they just had to be neutral.
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Initially means at first, in the beginning, and it also suggests that later he changed his mind.
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Anyway, he said that he thought they just had to be neutral.
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Neutral here means that they didn't need to do anything.
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They didn't need to control the internet or information.
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He thought it would be a tool to connect people and ideas and information and it would be wonderful.
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But it's not all good, is it?
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No. He does say that giving people access to sources of information is generally a good thing, but that when it comes to social networks,
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social media, people have anonymity.
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Anonymity.
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Yes.
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It means that on the internet, people can hide their true identity or personality.
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Some people write things that they would never say to someone in person because they think there will be no consequences.
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Berners -Lee says anonymity can bring out the nastiest side of people, people saying horrible and terrible things to each other.
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Berners -Lee does have some suggestions for how this could be changed and it's based on the idea of likes and shares, which he calls kudos.
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What's his suggestion?
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The different social networks, the different platforms are in different situations.
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In some cases, they have acknowledged that there's an issue.
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I think they realise that the issue could perhaps be hugely ameliorated by tweaking the way the thing works,
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by changing the way retweets or propagate it, or changing the way people get kudos – give them all kudos for being constructive, for example.
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So how does he think companies could address the problem?
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Well, he says that some of the social networks have agreed
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that there is a problem and they know what could improve it.
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He didn't use the word improve though, did he?
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No, he actually used the rather formal verb ameliorate, which means to improve or make something better.
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So how does he suggest the problem could be ameliorated?
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By tweaking the way in which people give or receive kudos.
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Tweaking means making a small change to the way something works.
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Much of what happens on the internet is driven by our desire to get likes and shares.
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This is the kudos that Berners -Lee talks about.
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He feels that tweaking this could lead to a better experience.
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For example, getting more kudos for constructive or positive actions.
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Interesting.
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But I wonder who would decide if something is constructive?
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Well, that's another big question.
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For another day, I guess.
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For now, though, let's have the answer to our small question.
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In what year did Berners -Lee present the idea for what would become the World Wide Web?
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The options were a.
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1985, b.
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1989 or c.
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1991. It was, in fact, 1989.
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Now, before we go, let's have a quick recap of today's vocabulary.
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Initially means at first, in the beginning.
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And then we had neutral.
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In this case, it meant not controlling or not taking any action to control.
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Then there was the noun anonymity, which is the state of having a hidden identity or personality.
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Next, to ameliorate a situation is to make it better.
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To tweak something is to make a small change to the way something works.
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And then we have, of course, kudos.
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Kudos is praise and appreciation for something you've done.
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Well, kudos to you, Rob, for today's programme.
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Thank you very much.
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Well, thank you, Neil, and thank you everyone for listening.
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That's all we have time for today but you can find us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube and of course our website bbclearningenglish .com.
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Bye for now.
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Thanks for joining us and goodbye.
تنزيل التطبيق
كل ما تحتاجه للتحدث بطلاقة
تقييم النطق بالذكاء الاصطناعيتقييم كل جملة
تدريب IPAأتقن كل صوت
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
هذا الدرس في المحادثة مبني على الفيديو “Is the internet good or bad?”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: internet, kudos, Berners, Lee, anonymity. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 100 جملة و1034 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 6:11. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة طبيعية، نحو 167 كلمة في الدقيقة، قريبة من المحادثة اليومية. 87% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، فالمفردات سهلة المتابعة. 15 من أصل 100 جملة هي أسئلة، لذلك يناسب التدرب على نبرة السؤال والإجابات القصيرة.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| neutral صفة | /ˈnuː.tɹəl/ | مُحَايِد |
| connect فعل | /kəˈnɛkt/ | رَبَطَ |
| humanity اسم | /hjuˈmænɪti/ | بَشَرِيَّة, إِنْسَانِيَّة |
| suggestion اسم | /səˈd͡ʒɛst.ʃən/ | اِقْتِرَاح, مُقْتَرَح |
| formal صفة | /ˈfɔɹməl/ | رَسْمِيّ, صُورِيّ |
| horrible صفة | /ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/ | رَهِيب, فَظِيع |
| reveal فعل | /ɹɪˈviːl/ | كَشَفَ |
| praise فعل | /pɹeɪz/ | مَدَحَ, أَثْنَى |
| goodbye | /ɡʊdˈbaɪ/ | مَعَ السَّلَامَة, إِلَى اللِّقَاء |
| scientist اسم | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | عَالِم, عَالِمَة |
| acknowledge فعل | /əkˈnɑ.lɪd͡ʒ/ | شَكَرَ |
| convenient صفة | /kənˈviː.niənt/ | مُنَاسِب, مُلَائِم |
| appreciation اسم | /əˌpɹiː.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/ | تَقْدِير |
| consequence اسم | /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/ | عَاقِبَة, نَتِيجَة |
| vocabulary اسم | /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/ | مُفْرَدَات, ذَخِيرَة لُغَوِيَّة |
جمل تستحق التكرار
جمل قصيرة وكاملة من الفيديو يمكنك استخدامها في الحديث اليومي:
- I don't know if I can answer that.
- He didn't use the word improve though, did he?
- Kudos is praise and appreciation for something you've done.
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | has generally been · has become · has been |
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | could be changed · be hugely ameliorated · could be ameliorated |
| جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيء | person who perhaps · ameliorate, which means · anonymity, which is |
| صيغة التفضيل the -est / the most … — الأعلى أو الأدنى في مجموعة | the most important · the nastiest |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 12 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل didn't, I'm, we'll. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
- أصوات “sh” و“zh”: suggestion /səˈd͡ʒɛst.ʃən/, shortly /ˈʃɔɹtli/, appreciation /əˌpɹiː.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, appreciation /əˌpɹiː.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/, technological /ˌtɛk.nəˈlɑ.dʒɪ.kəl/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, anonymity /ænəˈnɪmɪti/
أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:
- /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: praise /pɹeɪz/, appreciation /əˌpɹiː.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/, propagate /ˈpɹɒpəˌɡeɪt/, recap /ɹiːˈkæp/
- /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: constructive /kənˈstɹʌktɪv/, reveal /ɹɪˈviːl/, convenient /kənˈviː.niənt/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, verb /vɝb/
- تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: connect /kəˈnɛkt/, constructive /kənˈstɹʌktɪv/, humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, suggestion /səˈd͡ʒɛst.ʃən/, shortly /ˈʃɔɹtli/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ابدأ بسرعة 0.75×، وردّد جملة جملة، ثم عُد إلى السرعة العادية عندما يصبح الأمر سهلًا.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل neutral, connect, humanity.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.