تدريب Shadowing: Science in the future: Đề thi IELTS LISTENING (actual test) - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
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In this final lecture of our course on the history of science,
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I would like to look to the future and tell you about some predictions that have been made about scientific developments.
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The content for my talk is based on some research in
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which 30 scientific leaders were invited to comment on the developments
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that they envisage as likely to come about in their own discipline within 50 years.
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After summarizing some of their most interesting contributions for you,
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I'll ask you to give me your opinions as to the likelihood of these changes occurring within this timescale.
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You may also like to suggest some other likely changes yourselves.
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So first, let's start with computer science, as this is clearly an area where there are bound to be dramatic developments,
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and even more significantly, perhaps, these developments are likely to impact on every other field of learning.
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The invention of computers represents an enormous leap forward in the field of human endeavor.
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It could indeed be considered as being as momentous a development as
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when our predecessors in caves first learned to make fire and use it for all sorts of purposes.
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In the future, the computational revolution is certain to be generally recognized as a transformation as significant as,
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say, the Industrial Revolution.
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The computer scientists in the study I referred to felt that in the coming decades,
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lives will be significantly enhanced by automated reasoning systems of different types.
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There was considerable agreement that people will increasingly perceive these computer systems as intelligent.
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Although many of these will be deployed behind the scenes, others will be in the foreground,
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serving in an elegant, often collaborative manner to help people do their jobs,
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to learn and teach, to reflect and remember, to plan and decide.
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Without going into further detail about this at this point, let's turn to what predictions psychologists had to make.
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their key point was
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that psychological research would inevitably become increasingly varied it would move into such areas as behavioral economics
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and social neuroscience there is likely to be further expansion into
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domains with more practical relevance as increasing numbers of women become research scientists
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so areas such as health environment family and social identity will receive more attention.
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At the same time as they broaden their horizons,
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psychologists will also intensify their search to discover what exactly determines how we act.
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They will be assisted in this by imaging devices
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that will be inserted into the brain and provide a great deal of information about how it behaves.
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There should be some fascinating discoveries coming to light very soon.
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Another field that is currently undergoing enormous changes is that of genetics.
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It is not new to suggest that average life expectancy is likely to continue rising in most countries.
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However, today geneticists emphasize that it is vital
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that the increasing number of the elderly in society must take quality of life into account.
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So, how will genetics help this to happen?
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To start with, they hope to develop technologies that can sequence each person's genome extremely cheaply.
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This information about our DNA enables healthcare providers to predict our likelihood of suffering from any particular disease.
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From there on, it is a matter of weighing up various factors with a
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view to determining what can be done to minimize each individual's level of risk.
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With such information in hand, new treatments will be developed,
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and the current one-size-fits-all approach to health care will give way to a more personal approach.
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The final subject area that I wish to bring to your attention is that of zoology.
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Once again, computers and technology have a key role to play here.
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Experts comment specifically on the importance of satellites for future developments in this field.
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These enable people to explore the world from their homes, offices, and schools.
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It is now possible, for instance, to go online and see for yourself the abundant wildlife in one part of East Africa, and in the surrounding region,
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the harm people have done by destroying the forests.
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All supposedly in the name of development.
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Zoologists believe the breakthrough that lies ahead is how people act on such information as this.
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They hope that we will learn to connect our minds to our hearts and apply this knowledge to help protect our planet.
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They express a clear hope
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that a greater understanding of the consequences of human short-sightedness will
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make people anxious to rectify what we can before it is too late.
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That is the end of Part 4.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 62 جملة و771 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 8:19. يتكلم المتحدث ببطء، بمعدل 93 كلمة في الدقيقة تقريبًا، فيكون لديك وقت لتقليد كل صوت. 84% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، ويُستحسن مراجعة الباقي قبل البدء.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
15 كلمة أقل شيوعًا من الفيديو، مع النطق والمعنى:
- enormous /ɪˈnɔː.məs/ (صفة) — ضَخْم, هَائِل. Extremely large; greatly exceeding the common size, extent, etc.
- scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/ (اسم) — عَالِم, عَالِمَة. One whose activities make use of the scientific method to answer questions regarding the measurable universe. A scientist may be involved in original research…
- prediction /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/ (اسم) — تَنَبُّؤ. A statement of what will happen in the future.
- genetics /dʒəˈnɛt.ɪks/ (اسم) — عِلْمُ وِرَاثَة, وِرَاثِيَّات. The branch of biology that deals with the transmission and variation of inherited characteristics, in particular chromosomes and DNA.
- psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ (اسم) — نَفْسَانِيّ, عَالِم النَّفْس. An expert in the field of psychology.
- practical /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/ (صفة) — تَطْبِيقِيّ. Relating to, or based on, practice or action rather than theory or hypothesis.
- harm /hɑːm/ (اسم) — ضَرَرٌ. Physical injury; hurt; damage.
- occur /əˈkɜː/ (فعل) — حَدَثَ, وَقَعَ. To happen or take place.
- discovery /dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/ (اسم) — اِكْتِشَاف. Something discovered.
- refer /ɹɪˈfɜː/ (فعل) — أَشَارَ. To direct the attention of (someone toward something).
- suffer /ˈsʌfɚ/ (فعل) — تَأَلَّمَ, عَانَى. To undergo hardship.
- economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/ (اسم) — عِلْم الاِقْتِصَاد, اِقْتِصَاد. The study of resource and wealth allocation, consumption, and distribution, of capital and investment, and of management of the factors of production.
- discover /dɪˈskʌvə/ (فعل) — اِكْتَشَفَ. To find or learn something for the first time.
- reflect /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ (فعل) — عَكَسَ. To bend back (light, etc.) from a surface.
- connect /kəˈnɛkt/ (فعل) — رَبَطَ. To join (to another object): to attach, or to be intended to attach or capable of attaching, to another object.
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
- أصوات “sh” و“zh”: prediction /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/, contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/, transformation /ˌtɹæns.fɔɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/, invention /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/, contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/, intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل enormous, scientist, prediction.
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | have been made · is based · were invited |
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | have been made · have done |
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.