Shadowing-Übung: How the rich avoid paying taxes - Englisch Sprechen Lernen mit Video
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This is Warren Buffett, one of the richest people in the world, thanks to the company he runs, Berkshire Hathaway.
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Basically it's a holding company that just owns a bunch of other companies — Geico,
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Dairy Queen, a huge railroad — as well as a lot of stock in other companies like Apple and Coca-Cola.
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So when those companies do well and their stock goes up, Berkshire Hathaway stock goes up.
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When Buffett took over the company in 1965, a single share was worth $19.
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Today it's worth nearly half a million dollars.
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Buffett owns nearly 240,000 of these shares.
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This is where his wealth is.
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But as he's been known for pointing out, Warren Buffett still pays a lower tax rate than his secretary.
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She pays at twice the rate I pay.
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I think that's outrageous.
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That's because they pay different types of taxes.
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His secretary pays income taxes on her salary, but Buffett mainly pays capital gains taxes on his sold stock.
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And that's taxed at nearly half the rate.
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The wealthy are definitely undertaxed.
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In the U.S., the disparity between the richest Americans and everyone else has been growing.
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And in the last 40 years, the after-tax income of the richest has risen more than 400 percent, while middle-class income has only risen 50.
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The way these people make money is very different than the way these people make money.
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And they're not taxed the same.
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I pay less in taxes than people that work for a living and make as much money as I do.
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This is Morris.
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He used to work on Wall Street.
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Now he's retired and lives off his many stock market investments.
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I own stock in companies like Berkshire Hathaway and Amazon and Apple.
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He's a pretty typical one percenter, except that he spends his money advocating for rich people like him to be taxed more.
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I want to live in a country filled with a middle
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class of people who can all afford to shop in our businesses.
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Most people have a normal job.
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They get a paycheck and pay income tax, ranging from 10 to 37 percent.
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But people like Morris, they make a lot of their income from investments, generally stocks in real estate.
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These investments are taxed as capital gains.
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And things like long-term stock have a maximum tax rate of just 20%.
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I sold some stock recently for $400,000.
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And my taxes on that is of around $50,000.
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But that $50,000 is far less taxed than anyone who has a job making $400,000 a year would pay.
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And most of his wealth, well, isn't even taxable.
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People like Morris or Buffett are worth so much money because of the stock that they hold.
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But it's not tangible, spendable, taxable money.
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I can look at my stock portfolio and I can say, oh, you know, I made a million dollars this year.
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But it doesn't have to pay anything in taxes
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because our system is based on only paying taxes when you actually sell something.
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Amazon's Jeff Bezos, the richest man in America, thanks mostly to his Amazon stock, pays almost nothing in taxes.
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We value his worth here, but it's never taxed, unless it's turned into real money when he sells the stock, and it's taxed as a capital gain.
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This is one way billionaires are able to be technically worth so much money, but pay so little in taxes.
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Some billionaires, like Elon Musk, are able to get loans against their stocks and live off of that.
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They don't even need to sell the stock to turn it into spendable money.
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No sale, no taxes.
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The fact is, if you're a billionaire, you don't need any income.
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There's also a big loophole in capital gains taxes that the rich exploit called the stepped-up basis.
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If, hypothetically, Warren Buffett were to sell his stock, he'd have to pay capital gains taxes based on his profit.
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So the cost of the stock minus the original investment.
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But if he holds off selling his entire life, when he dies, whoever inherits the stock,
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and then sells it, would only have to pay taxes on what they earned after they inherited it, leaving all those original gains untaxed.
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It's part of what's called buy, borrow, die, and it's one way the richest families avoid paying taxes.
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It's this system, and the fact
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that most taxable capital gains are going to the top 1%
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that lawmakers see changing the capital gains tax as an easy way to tax the rich.
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President Biden has proposed closing that stepped-up loophole and increasing the maximum tax rate from 20% to 39.6%,
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but just for people making more than a million dollars a year.
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Critics argue that it may discourage people from investing in the stock market, or that current millionaires would just sell less stock.
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But it would bring in more tax revenue, from more conservative estimates of $200 billion over 10 years to double that.
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It would also mean Buffett would pay a closer tax rate to his secretary.
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But this pile of unrealized money still goes untaxed.
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There's a lot of things we could do to make the system more fair.
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We could have taxes on wealth.
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We could have taxes on gains in the stock market.
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Most Americans are bothered that wealthy people don't pay their fair share.
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And changing capital gains taxes wouldn't be the whole solution, but advocates argue it would be an easy place to start.
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Our system is making the rich get richer and richer and richer, and everyone else just not.
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Wortschatz und Sprechhinweise zu dieser Lektion
Diese Sprechübung auf Niveau B2 basiert auf dem Video „How the rich avoid paying taxes“. Diese Wörter kommen am häufigsten vor: stock, taxes, gain, tax, Buffett. Dieses Video enthält 69 Sätze und 922 Wörter zum Nachsprechen. Der gesprochene Teil dauert 5:46. Der Sprecher spricht in natürlichem Tempo, etwa 160 Wörter pro Minute, ähnlich wie im Alltagsgespräch. 83 % der Wörter gehören zu den 3.000 häufigsten im Englischen; den Rest solltest du dir vor dem Üben ansehen.
Wichtiger Wortschatz in diesem Video
Die 15 anspruchsvollsten Wörter aus dem Video, mit Aussprache und Bedeutung:
| Wort | Aussprache | Bedeutung |
|---|---|---|
| taxable Adjektiv | /ˈtæksəbəl/ | steuerpflichtig |
| billionaire Substantiv | /ˌbɪl.jəˈnɛɚ/ | Milliardär, Milliardärin |
| loophole Substantiv | /ˈluphoʊl/ | Ausflucht, Hintertürchen |
| inherit Verb | /ɪnˈhɛɹɪt/ | erben |
| disparity Substantiv | /dɪˈspæɹɪti/ | Differenz, Unterschiedlichkeit |
| discourage Verb | /dɪsˈkɝɪd͡ʒ/ | entmutigen, abschrecken |
| tangible Adjektiv | /ˈtæn.d͡ʒə.bəl/ | greifbar, erfühlbar |
| millionaire Substantiv | /ˌmɪl.i.əˈnɛə(ɹ)/ | Millionär, Millionärin |
| outrageous Adjektiv | /aʊtˈɹeɪ.d͡ʒəs/ | ungeheuerlich, haarsträubend |
| exploit Substantiv | /ˈɛksplɔɪt/ | Heldentat |
| critic Substantiv | /ˈkɹɪt.ɪk/ | Kritiker |
| propose Verb | /pɹəˈpəʊz/ | vorschlagen |
| minus | /ˈmaɪ.nəs/ | weniger, minus |
| borrow Verb | /ˈbɑɹ.oʊ/ | borgen, ausleihen |
| retire Verb | /ɹəˈtaɪɹ/ | in Pension gehen, in Rente gehen |
Phrasal Verbs, die du hören wirst
| Wort | Bedeutung |
|---|---|
| go up Verb | hinaufgehen, steigen |
| point out Verb | hinweisen |
| take over Verb | übernehmen |
Grammatik in diesem Video
Die Strukturen, die der Sprecher am häufigsten verwendet, mit den genauen Worten aus dem Video:
| Struktur | Im Video |
|---|---|
| Passiv be + Partizip Perfekt – wichtig ist, was geschieht, nicht wer es tut | been known · are definitely undertaxed · be taxed |
| Present Perfect have/has + Partizip Perfekt – eine vergangene Handlung, die jetzt noch wichtig ist | has risen · has proposed |
| Relativsätze who / which + Satz – eine Zusatzinformation über eine Person oder Sache | people who can · anyone who has |
Aussprache, auf die du achten solltest
Der Sprecher verwendet 9 Kurzformen und abgeschwächte Formen, zum Beispiel don't, doesn't, he'd. Sprich sie in der kurzen Form, so wie du sie hörst.
- Lange Wörter – auf die Betonung achten: disparity /dɪˈspæɹɪti/, millionaire /ˌmɪl.i.əˈnɛə(ɹ)/, technically /ˈtɛk.nɪˌkəl.i/, portfolio /pɔːtˈfəʊ.liˌəʊ/
Laute, die Deutschsprachigen schwerfallen:
- Stimmhafter Auslaut — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ am Wortende nicht verhärten: discourage /dɪsˈkɝɪd͡ʒ/, propose /pɹəˈpəʊz/
- /æ/ — offener als „ä“: taxable /ˈtæksəbəl/, disparity /dɪˈspæɹɪti/, tangible /ˈtæn.d͡ʒə.bəl/
- /dʒ/ — stimmhaft, nicht „tsch“: discourage /dɪsˈkɝɪd͡ʒ/, tangible /ˈtæn.d͡ʒə.bəl/, outrageous /aʊtˈɹeɪ.d͡ʒəs/
So übst du mit diesem Video
- Höre dir das ganze Video einmal an, ohne zu sprechen, und notiere die Wörter, die du nicht kennst.
- Beginne mit 0,75-facher Geschwindigkeit, sprich Satz für Satz nach und wechsle zur normalen Geschwindigkeit, sobald es leichtfällt.
- Nimm dich auf und vergleiche mit dem Original; achte dabei auf Wörter wie taxable, billionaire, loophole.
Was ist die Shadowing-Technik?
Shadowing ist eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Sprachlerntechnik, die ursprünglich für die professionelle Dolmetscherausbildung entwickelt und durch den Polyglotten Dr. Alexander Arguelles populär gemacht wurde. Die Methode ist einfach aber wirkungsvoll: Du hörst englisches Audio von Muttersprachlern und wiederholst es sofort laut — wie ein Schatten, der dem Sprecher mit nur 1–2 Sekunden Verzögerung folgt. Anders als passives Hören oder Grammatikübungen zwingt Shadowing dein Gehirn und deine Mundmuskulatur, gleichzeitig echte Sprachmuster zu verarbeiten und zu reproduzieren. Studien zeigen, dass es Aussprachegenauigkeit, Intonation, Rhythmus, verbundene Sprache, Hörverständnis und Sprechflüssigkeit signifikant verbessert — was es zu einer der effektivsten Methoden für die IELTS Speaking-Vorbereitung und reale englische Kommunikation macht.