Shadowing-Übung: Linux in 100 Seconds - Englisch Sprechen Lernen mit Video
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Linux, an open source operating system that makes it possible for humans to play with computers.
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It was created in 1991 by University of Helsinki student Linus Torvalds.
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His goal was to create a free version of the Minix operating system, which itself was based on Unix.
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Today, it's used everywhere.
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Like the vast majority of web servers, embedded apps like your smart TV, mobile devices running Android, and is by far the best choice for your personal computer,
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with many different distros to choose from, like Debian, Arch, and Fedora, just to name a few.
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Just like Windows or Mac OS, Linux is an operating system that manages a computer's memory and processes, allowing hardware to communicate with software.
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When you fire up a Linux machine, a bootloader will first put the system into memory.
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At its core, we have the kernel, which is like a seed from which the rest of the operating system grows.
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It's divided into multiple smaller subsystems, like a process scheduler, device drivers, and a memory manager.
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They're exposed with the system call interface, which itself is wrapped with the C standard library, which provides an API that user applications can interact with.
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Now beyond the kernel, we have applications that make the OS usable for humans, which are provided primarily via the GNU project, like a shell to interact with the kernel from the command line,
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windowing systems on desktop, developer utilities, and countless other applications.
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To get started, install your favorite Linux distro.
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Open the terminal and notice how we're logged in as the root user on a specific Linux machine.
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Currently, we're in the home directory of the root user, which is shortened to this tilde character.
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Show its full name with the print working directory command.
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Now use change directories with a double period to go to the root of the file system.
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Use the ls command to print all the subdirectories here.
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These are your critical system files.
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Let's go back home with cd tilde.
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Now create a new file with touch, then edit it from the terminal with a tool like vi, vim, nano, or emacs.
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In vim, type i to insert, write your screenplay, hit escape, then colon wq to write it to the file system.
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Now use the cat command to read the file.
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If it's really big, use grep to find all the lines in that file that contain a search term or pattern.
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If we want to see how big that file is, we can enter the disk usage command.
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Every file has an owner and a set of permissions assigned to it.
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We can change the owner with the chown command, or its permissions with chmod.
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Now, if your current user doesn't have proper permissions, you can put superuserdo in front of any command to run it with elevated privileges.
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To install new software on this machine, we can use a package manager like Advanced Package Tool, which will retrieve the code from the cloud and place it in the proper location on your system.
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We just went through a bunch of commands.
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Let's recap everything with history.
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This has been Linux in 100 seconds.
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If you want to see more short videos like this, hit the like button and subscribe.
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Thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.
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Wortschatz und Sprechhinweise zu dieser Lektion
Diese Sprechübung auf Niveau B2 basiert auf dem Video „Linux in 100 Seconds“. Diese Wörter kommen am häufigsten vor: command, file, Linux, user, operating. Dieses Video enthält 35 Sätze und 558 Wörter zum Nachsprechen. Der gesprochene Teil dauert 2:39. Der Sprecher spricht schnell, etwa 210 Wörter pro Minute – rechne mit verbundenen und verkürzten Lauten. Nur 78 % der Wörter gehören zu den 3.000 häufigsten im Englischen, der Wortschatz ist also anspruchsvoll.
Wichtiger Wortschatz in diesem Video
Die 15 anspruchsvollsten Wörter aus dem Video, mit Aussprache und Bedeutung:
| Wort | Aussprache | Bedeutung |
|---|---|---|
| kernel Substantiv | /ˈkɝ.nəl/ | Kern |
| directory Substantiv | /dɪˈɹɛktəɹi/ | Verzeichnis |
| tilde Substantiv | /ˈtɪldə/ | Schlangenlinie, Tilde |
| interact Verb | /ɪn.təˈɹækt/ | interagieren |
| install Verb | /ɪnˈstɔl/ | installieren |
| elevate Verb | /ˈɛləveɪt/ | erhöhen, anheben |
| nanotechnology Substantiv | /ˌnænoʊtɛkˈnɑləd͡ʒi/ | Nanotechnologie |
| shorten Verb | /ˈʃɔɹtn̩/ | verkürzen |
| subdirectory Substantiv | Unterverzeichnis | |
| usable Adjektiv | /ˈjuː.zə.bəl/ | nutzbar, benutzbar |
| screenplay Substantiv | /ˈskɹiːnˌpleɪ/ | Drehbuch |
| colon Substantiv | /ˈkoʊ.lən/ | Doppelpunkt, Kolon |
| assign Verb | /əˈsaɪn/ | zuweisen, zuteilen |
| retrieve Verb | /ɹɪˈtɹiːv/ | zurückholen, zurückerhalten |
| desktop Substantiv | /ˈdɛsktɒp/ | Schreibtischfläche |
Phrasal Verbs, die du hören wirst
| Wort | Bedeutung |
|---|---|
| go back Verb | zurückgehen, zurückfahren |
Grammatik in diesem Video
Die Strukturen, die der Sprecher am häufigsten verwendet, mit den genauen Worten aus dem Video:
| Struktur | Im Video |
|---|---|
| Passiv be + Partizip Perfekt – wichtig ist, was geschieht, nicht wer es tut | was created · was based · is wrapped |
| Relativsätze who / which + Satz – eine Zusatzinformation über eine Person oder Sache | kernel, which is · humans, which are · user, which is |
Aussprache, auf die du achten solltest
Der Sprecher verwendet 4 Kurzformen und abgeschwächte Formen, zum Beispiel we're, doesn't, they're. Sprich sie in der kurzen Form, so wie du sie hörst.
- Die Laute „sh“ und „zh“: scheduler /ˈʃɛdjələ/, shorten /ˈʃɔɹtn̩/
- Lange Wörter – auf die Betonung achten: directory /dɪˈɹɛktəɹi/, nanotechnology /ˌnænoʊtɛkˈnɑləd͡ʒi/, developer /dɪˈvɛləpɚ/
Laute, die Deutschsprachigen schwerfallen:
- Stimmhafter Auslaut — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ am Wortende nicht verhärten: retrieve /ɹɪˈtɹiːv/, expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/, subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/, privilege /ˈpɹɪv.(ɪ.)lɪd͡ʒ/
- /æ/ — offener als „ä“: interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/, nanotechnology /ˌnænoʊtɛkˈnɑləd͡ʒi/, wrap /ɹæp/
- /dʒ/ — stimmhaft, nicht „tsch“: nanotechnology /ˌnænoʊtɛkˈnɑləd͡ʒi/, privilege /ˈpɹɪv.(ɪ.)lɪd͡ʒ/
So übst du mit diesem Video
- Höre dir das ganze Video einmal an, ohne zu sprechen, und notiere die Wörter, die du nicht kennst.
- Beginne mit 0,75-facher Geschwindigkeit, sprich Satz für Satz nach und wechsle zur normalen Geschwindigkeit, sobald es leichtfällt.
- Nimm dich auf und vergleiche mit dem Original; achte dabei auf Wörter wie kernel, directory, tilde.
Was ist die Shadowing-Technik?
Shadowing ist eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Sprachlerntechnik, die ursprünglich für die professionelle Dolmetscherausbildung entwickelt und durch den Polyglotten Dr. Alexander Arguelles populär gemacht wurde. Die Methode ist einfach aber wirkungsvoll: Du hörst englisches Audio von Muttersprachlern und wiederholst es sofort laut — wie ein Schatten, der dem Sprecher mit nur 1–2 Sekunden Verzögerung folgt. Anders als passives Hören oder Grammatikübungen zwingt Shadowing dein Gehirn und deine Mundmuskulatur, gleichzeitig echte Sprachmuster zu verarbeiten und zu reproduzieren. Studien zeigen, dass es Aussprachegenauigkeit, Intonation, Rhythmus, verbundene Sprache, Hörverständnis und Sprechflüssigkeit signifikant verbessert — was es zu einer der effektivsten Methoden für die IELTS Speaking-Vorbereitung und reale englische Kommunikation macht.